Auguste Perret (1)

8/13/2019 Auguste Perret (1)

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AUGUSTE PERRET

History of architecture

S5 batch

Holy crescent college of

architecture

Submitted by,

Sree Parvathy

Siva Prasad

BRUTALISM


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INTRODUCTION

French architect.

1874-1958.

Educated from Paris.

Specialist in reinforced

concrete constructions.

Created a style that

blended modern

theories with classic

architecture.

PHILOSOPHY

Merging modern achievement

with classical principles.

Concern towards details and

textures.

connection between natural

forms, classical symmetry and

order, and the structuralsystem of concrete.

Museum of Public Works - heavily influenced

by theAncient Greek architecture.

WORK CHARECTOR

use of classical

proportion andsymmetry.

His functionalapproach to design.

construction in

reinforced concrete.


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TIMELINE

1874 birth.

education(arts) in Paris.

1897 terminates career at Ecole des Beaux.

Starts to work with his father(stone mason)

1899 casino, st Malo.

1900 started using advanced building technologies.

1902 Avenue Wagram apartment building.

1903 Rue Franklin apartment building.

1922 started proposing massive skyscrapers.

1954 - Death

Casa Berneval-Sur-Mer,1891

Avenue Niel,1903

Taller De Confeccion

Esders,1919


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.

Up till 1908 the young Le Corbusier worked in Perretsarchitectural practice. From him Le Corbusier learned

about:using reinforced concrete to create skeletal

structures for building

using classical proportions and composition inmodern designusing standardised components in design and

constructiona geometric approach to design and the flat

roof as living space.

Hennebiquessystem, developed in 1892,

for structural continuity in reinforcing

concrete posts, beams and slabs.

Perretsbuildings have a rationalfunctionalism. Concrete is left raw, though

sometimes with coloured or patterned

elementsto them. His designs arose out of

modernfunctional considerationsrather

than aesthetic ones.

Theatre des

champselysees


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Styles followed...

Neo-classical.

Neoclassicismis the name

given to

Western movements in the

decorative, literature, theat

re, music, and architecture

that draw inspiration from

the "classical" art and

culture of Ancient Greece

or Ancient Rome.

National romantic.

Late 19thearly 20th century.

reaction to industrialism .

Expression of nationalism.

expressed progressive social andpolitical ideals, through reformed

domestic architecture.

Casino st.malo


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CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

Pioneer in concrete construction.

Perret viewed concrete as a superior form of

construction to masonry.

He did not use concrete to form a structural

whole in the way suggested by Le Corbusier and

Walter Gropius.

Started to use concrete from 1900.

Tried to link modern achievements and classicist

principles.

Theatre des champs

Rue Franklin Apartments.


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St li ti f t f P t R F kli


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Stylistic features of Perrets Rue Franklin

Apartments

The non-weight-bearing walls are ex-

pressed as slightly-recessed infill panelsof floral-patterned ceramic tile.

At street level the Perrets had their architecture studio. This

large, open space exposed the uprights of the concrete

frame and became forerunners of Le Corbusiers pilotis.

U-shaped front faade inspired by statutory

light courts at the rear of Parisian

apartment buildings.

The trabeated, rectangular concreteframe throughout building is not

exposed directly, but is expressed by

the plain tiles on the faade.

The rectangular frame allows for roof

terraces on setbacks of upper apartments.


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features of Perrets Rue Franklin Apartments

At the sixth storey apartment a reinforced concrete

frame breaks free of the wall surface. This looks forwardto the airy, transparent effects of the International Style.

Glazed openings are as large as zoning laws allowed.

The concrete frame allows for thin wall partitions and

maximum interior space.

A full appreciation of the buildings form can be gained

only by moving across its entire faade. This experiential

dimension to architectural form and space is modernist.

Dining room Drawing room Bedroom


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The rectangular frames

were not exposed, tiles were

used instead.

Wall tile

Lowest storey

is emphasised

as separate

unit.

Rear wall of the building: glass walls Art nouveau

resemblance
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GJTWwUKKu3k/TnjqKKbsrmI/AAAAAAAADCU/4fsP330nzpQ/s1600/Perret_montage2.jpghttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GJTWwUKKu3k/TnjqKKbsrmI/AAAAAAAADCU/4fsP330nzpQ/s1600/Perret_montage2.jpg


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Perret deliberately made the apartment partition walls nonstructural throughout and

their partial removal would have yielded an open space, punctuated only by a series of

free-standing columns.

Lower portion of Faade with entrancesUpper portion of Faade showing

projecting wings


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Rebuilding city of Le Havre

The city was severely bombed during world war

2.

Destroyed area reconstructed during 1945 -1964.The site forms the administrative, commercial

and cultural centre of Le Havre.

an outstanding post-war example of urban

planning and architecture.

the systematic utilization of a modular grid.

the innovative exploitation of the potential of

concrete.

BEFORE AFTER


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The project was based on a

basic grid module of 6.24 m2 .

The lots were laid out on a 100

m grid, although some were

combined to make larger lots.

THE URBAN DESIGN

City centre

Port Sea

The Golden triangle of Le

Havre city plan.

Spirit of thetown-

NEOCLASSICAL.

The idea of the structure is to make it modular and completely transparent so that no

structural elements remain hidden.


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Use of reinforced concrete

Concrete- the modern material at that time was extensively used.

{ traditional materials were not readily available}

Offered technical and economic features.

Construction framework

Invisible grid Consistency in volume.

Maximum

standardisation of

architectural features.

Planning based on grid system

Classicism

Columns,capitals,

entablature &

cornice followed

classical style.

Flat roof was included

symmetrically in all

construction.


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Brutalism

A style of architecture from 1950s to mid 1970. Characteristics

Strong bold shapes.

Expressed reinforced concrete

structures.

Largeness of scale,strong,muscularcharacter.

Large areas of blank walls.

Brick work & stones.

Diagonal, sloping or curved elements

contrasting with vertical & horizontal

members.

Boston City Hall,1969

Top heavy massing ,use of slender base

supports & the use of raw concrete.

The interior of

Philips Exeter

Academylibrary,1967


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New Brutalism was one aspect ofinternational style of architecture ,created

by Le Corbusier followed by Ludwig Mies

Van Der Rohe & F.L Wright.They demanded functional approach to

design.

The use of glass & steel by Mies Van

Der Rohe represented New Brutalism.

Le Corbusiers expressionist

interpretation of the

International Style involved

the use of monumental

sculptural shapes and of raw,

unfinished moulded concrete.


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Brutalism, as a reform movement, advocated the return to functionalist principlesin

services, materials, and structure.

characterised by angular

forms and rough materials

(glass, brick, concrete).

Short lived fashion.

Many buildings in UK (1950-1960) are constructed in this

style.

The Get Carter car park.

BRUTALISMRAW CONCRETE

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