Aug6 chords
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Augmented Sixth ChordsAugmented Sixth Chords
Creating Stress in Music and
Music Students since 1783
Creating Stress in Music and
Music Students since 1783
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They are EASY! Don’t worry.They are EASY! Don’t worry.
They function as pre-dominants So they will ALWAYS go to V.
They are like a iv6 chord with a raised root I know that’s confusing, but it can help
sometimes.
There are 3 types: Italian, French, German Fr and Ger are variations on the Italian.
They function as pre-dominants So they will ALWAYS go to V.
They are like a iv6 chord with a raised root I know that’s confusing, but it can help
sometimes.
There are 3 types: Italian, French, German Fr and Ger are variations on the Italian.
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The Italian Sixth ChordThe Italian Sixth Chord
Basic structure of an Augmented Sixth Learn this very well, otherwise all of your
augmented sixth chords will have problems.
Made of…. An Augmented Sixth, with an added third.
Don’t double any of the pitches in the augmented sixth.
Basic structure of an Augmented Sixth Learn this very well, otherwise all of your
augmented sixth chords will have problems.
Made of…. An Augmented Sixth, with an added third.
Don’t double any of the pitches in the augmented sixth.
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Building the Italian 6thBuilding the Italian 6th
Find scale degree 5. Take the note a half-step above 5 (b6). Put this in
the bass. Take the note a half-step below 5 (#4). Put this in
an upper voice. These make your aug 6th.
Place a diatonic third above the bass. You’ll also need to double this if writing in 4 voices.
Find scale degree 5. Take the note a half-step above 5 (b6). Put this in
the bass. Take the note a half-step below 5 (#4). Put this in
an upper voice. These make your aug 6th.
Place a diatonic third above the bass. You’ll also need to double this if writing in 4 voices.
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Building an Italian 6thBuilding an Italian 6th
Find Scale Degree 5 Take a half-step above 5 and put in bass Take a half-step below 5 and put in upper voice Add diatonic third above bass and double it.
Find Scale Degree 5 Take a half-step above 5 and put in bass Take a half-step below 5 and put in upper voice Add diatonic third above bass and double it.
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THAT’S IT!!!THAT’S IT!!!
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Just like any other chord, the bass is the only voice that has to be
specific. All other pitches can be in any order in the upper voices.
Just like any other chord, the bass is the only voice that has to be
specific. All other pitches can be in any order in the upper voices.
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Build an It6 in f# minorBuild an It6 in f# minor
Scale Degree 5 = ?? 1/2 step above 5 = ?? Put this in bass 1/2 step below 5 = ?? Put this in an upper
voice Third above bass = ??
Double this somewhere
Your chord spelled out is = ?? ?? ?? ??
Scale Degree 5 = ?? 1/2 step above 5 = ?? Put this in bass 1/2 step below 5 = ?? Put this in an upper
voice Third above bass = ??
Double this somewhere
Your chord spelled out is = ?? ?? ?? ??
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Check Your WorkCheck Your Work
Scale Degree 5 = C# 1/2 step above 5 = D Put this in bass 1/2 step below 5 = B#(not C) Put this in an upper
voice Third above bass = F#
Double this somewhere Your chord spelled out is = D F# B# F#
D should be first, but the other pitches can be in a different order.
Scale Degree 5 = C# 1/2 step above 5 = D Put this in bass 1/2 step below 5 = B#(not C) Put this in an upper
voice Third above bass = F#
Double this somewhere Your chord spelled out is = D F# B# F#
D should be first, but the other pitches can be in a different order.
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Check your WorkCheck your Work
Scale Degree 5 = C# 1/2 step above = D (put in bass) 1/2 step below = B#(!!) (put in upper voice) Third above bass = F# (double this)
Scale Degree 5 = C# 1/2 step above = D (put in bass) 1/2 step below = B#(!!) (put in upper voice) Third above bass = F# (double this)
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How did you do?How did you do?
Let’s try anotherLet’s try another
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It6 in Bb MajorIt6 in Bb Major
Scale Degree 5 = ?? 1/2 step above 5 = ?? Put this in bass 1/2 step below 5 = ?? Put this in upper
voice Third above bass = ??
Double this somewhere
Your chord spelled out is = ?? ?? ?? ??
Scale Degree 5 = ?? 1/2 step above 5 = ?? Put this in bass 1/2 step below 5 = ?? Put this in upper
voice Third above bass = ??
Double this somewhere
Your chord spelled out is = ?? ?? ?? ??
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Check yourselfCheck yourself
Scale Degree 5 = F 1/2 step above 5 = Gb Put this in bass 1/2 step below 5 = E Put this in upper voice Third above bass = Bb
Double this somewhere
Your chord spelled out is = Gb E Bb Bb
Scale Degree 5 = F 1/2 step above 5 = Gb Put this in bass 1/2 step below 5 = E Put this in upper voice Third above bass = Bb
Double this somewhere
Your chord spelled out is = Gb E Bb Bb
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Check YourselfCheck Yourself
Scale Degree 5 = F 1/2 step above = Gb (put in bass) 1/2 step below = E (put in upper voice) Third above bass = Bb (double in upper voice)
Scale Degree 5 = F 1/2 step above = Gb (put in bass) 1/2 step below = E (put in upper voice) Third above bass = Bb (double in upper voice)
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This is pretty easy, isn’t it?This is pretty easy, isn’t it?
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Remember…Remember…
Every chord needs an augmented sixth Not a diminished third Not written enharmonically, but on lines or
spaces that actually make it a sixth (see ex. In f# minor where you needed a b#)
Never double the pitches of the augmented sixth.
Every chord needs an augmented sixth Not a diminished third Not written enharmonically, but on lines or
spaces that actually make it a sixth (see ex. In f# minor where you needed a b#)
Never double the pitches of the augmented sixth.
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Resolution of the Italian SixthResolution of the Italian Sixth
The Augmented Sixth resolves outward, going to a doubled Scale Degree 5 That’s why we took a half-step above and
below 5.
The third above the bass has to fill out the rest of the chord. Be careful that these don’t go to the same
pitches, because you’ll have parallel octaves
The Augmented Sixth resolves outward, going to a doubled Scale Degree 5 That’s why we took a half-step above and
below 5.
The third above the bass has to fill out the rest of the chord. Be careful that these don’t go to the same
pitches, because you’ll have parallel octaves
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Resolving D F# B# F# (It6 in f#)Resolving D F# B# F# (It6 in f#)
The D and B# form the aug6. They both go to C# (5 in f#). We still need a G# and an E# to fill out our V
chord (remember, Aug6th chords ALWAYS go to V).
First F# can go to G#; second to E# That’s our V chord
C# G# C# E#
The D and B# form the aug6. They both go to C# (5 in f#). We still need a G# and an E# to fill out our V
chord (remember, Aug6th chords ALWAYS go to V).
First F# can go to G#; second to E# That’s our V chord
C# G# C# E#
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Resolving an Italian 6thResolving an Italian 6th
The Aug 6 resolves outward to S.D. 5 To avoid parallel 8vas, the doubled note must resolve to 2
different pitches (one up a step, one down a step) Watch that you don’t have more than an 8va between
voices (esp. on the doubled third above the bass)
The Aug 6 resolves outward to S.D. 5 To avoid parallel 8vas, the doubled note must resolve to 2
different pitches (one up a step, one down a step) Watch that you don’t have more than an 8va between
voices (esp. on the doubled third above the bass)
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Got it?Got it?
We’ll do more examples in classWe’ll do more examples in class
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French SixthFrench Sixth
Starts with the Italian Sixth Aug6th Third above the Bass
In a French sixth, though, you DON’T double the third above the bass.
In a French sixth, put one third and one fourth above the bass.
Starts with the Italian Sixth Aug6th Third above the Bass
In a French sixth, though, you DON’T double the third above the bass.
In a French sixth, put one third and one fourth above the bass.
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Italian/French chord in CItalian/French chord in C
Left, Italian 6th Chord Right, French 6th
Chord Notice the Alto, the
3rd above the bass is change to a 4th above the bass.
Left, Italian 6th Chord Right, French 6th
Chord Notice the Alto, the
3rd above the bass is change to a 4th above the bass.
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Go Back to the examplesGo Back to the examples
Italian Chord in f# was: D F# B# F# French Chord is: ?? ?? ?? ??
Italian Chord in Bb was: Gb E Bb Bb French Chord is: ?? ?? ?? ??
Italian Chord in f# was: D F# B# F# French Chord is: ?? ?? ?? ??
Italian Chord in Bb was: Gb E Bb Bb French Chord is: ?? ?? ?? ??
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AnswersAnswers
Italian Chord in f# was: D F# B# F# French Chord is: D F# B# G#
Italian Chord in Bb was: Gb E Bb Bb French Chord is: Gb E C Bb
The upper notes can be in different order.
Italian Chord in f# was: D F# B# F# French Chord is: D F# B# G#
Italian Chord in Bb was: Gb E Bb Bb French Chord is: Gb E C Bb
The upper notes can be in different order.
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AnswersAnswers
From left to right:
Italian 6th in f#, French 6th in f#
Italian 6th in Bb, French 6th in Bb
From left to right:
Italian 6th in f#, French 6th in f#
Italian 6th in Bb, French 6th in Bb
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Resolution of French SixthResolution of French Sixth
Same as Italian. It’s a predominant. The Fourth above the bass (the pitch that
makes the chord French) is tied over to the following V chord.
The Third above the bass fills out the rest of the Harmony.
Same as Italian. It’s a predominant. The Fourth above the bass (the pitch that
makes the chord French) is tied over to the following V chord.
The Third above the bass fills out the rest of the Harmony.
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ExampleExample
In f#, French Sixth is: D F# B# G# The following V would be: ?? ?? ?? ??
In Bb, French Sixth is: Gb E A Bb The following V would be: ?? ?? ?? ??
In f#, French Sixth is: D F# B# G# The following V would be: ?? ?? ?? ??
In Bb, French Sixth is: Gb E A Bb The following V would be: ?? ?? ?? ??
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AnswerAnswer
In f#, French Sixth is: D F# B# G# The following V would be: C# E# C# G#
In Bb, French Sixth is: Gb E A Bb The following V would be: F F A C
This is easier than Italian, because you don’t even have a choice to make.
In f#, French Sixth is: D F# B# G# The following V would be: C# E# C# G#
In Bb, French Sixth is: Gb E A Bb The following V would be: F F A C
This is easier than Italian, because you don’t even have a choice to make.
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Resolving French ChordsResolving French Chords
Left, resolution of a French chord in f# Notice the resolution to V, not v Remember to tie the “French” note
Right, resolution of French chord in Bb
Left, resolution of a French chord in f# Notice the resolution to V, not v Remember to tie the “French” note
Right, resolution of French chord in Bb
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One Last ChordOne Last Chord
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German SixthGerman Sixth
Start with Italian Aug 6 Third above bass
This time, add a PERFECT 5th above the bass to make the German Chord.
Start with Italian Aug 6 Third above bass
This time, add a PERFECT 5th above the bass to make the German Chord.
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Try It OutTry It Out
Italian Chord in f# was: D F# B# F# German Chord is: ?? ?? ?? ??
Italian Chord in Bb was: Gb E Bb Bb German Chord is: ?? ?? ?? ??
Italian Chord in f# was: D F# B# F# German Chord is: ?? ?? ?? ??
Italian Chord in Bb was: Gb E Bb Bb German Chord is: ?? ?? ?? ??
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AnswerAnswer
Italian Chord in f# was: D F# B# F# French Chord is: D F# B# A
Italian Chord in Bb was: Gb E Bb Bb French Chord is: Gb E Bb Db
Always a PERFECT 5th above the bass.
Italian Chord in f# was: D F# B# F# French Chord is: D F# B# A
Italian Chord in Bb was: Gb E Bb Bb French Chord is: Gb E Bb Db
Always a PERFECT 5th above the bass.
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AnswerAnswer
Italian/German chord in f# Italian/German chord in Bb
Italian/German chord in f# Italian/German chord in Bb
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Resolution of the German ChordResolution of the German Chord
Different than the others The perfect 5th above the bass means you might
get parallels The augmented sixth resolves in the normal way. The “German” pitch must resolve with a
suspension Either a 6-5 or a 6/4-5/3
Cadential 6/4 resolution is MUCH more common.
Different than the others The perfect 5th above the bass means you might
get parallels The augmented sixth resolves in the normal way. The “German” pitch must resolve with a
suspension Either a 6-5 or a 6/4-5/3
Cadential 6/4 resolution is MUCH more common.
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We’ll get much more practice with these in class. This presentation is just an introduction so we’re all on the same page.
We’ll get much more practice with these in class. This presentation is just an introduction so we’re all on the same page.
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Having trouble remembering which names go with which
interval above the bass?
Having trouble remembering which names go with which
interval above the bass?
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Think of a Map of EuropeThink of a Map of Europe
Italy is in the South. Add a Third above the Bass.
France is the next country north (up). Add a Fourth above the Bass.
Germany is the next country north. Add a 5th above the Bass.
3, 4, 5, going northward.
Italy is in the South. Add a Third above the Bass.
France is the next country north (up). Add a Fourth above the Bass.
Germany is the next country north. Add a 5th above the Bass.
3, 4, 5, going northward.
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Spelling ReviewSpelling Review
Form the Aug 6
Italian
French
German
Form the Aug 6
Italian
French
German
Half step above and below S.D. 5
Aug 6, doubled third above bass.
Aug 6, third and 4th above bass (diatonic)
Aug6, diatonic third and perfect fifth above bass.
Half step above and below S.D. 5
Aug 6, doubled third above bass.
Aug 6, third and 4th above bass (diatonic)
Aug6, diatonic third and perfect fifth above bass.
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Resolution ReviewResolution Review
All
Italian
French
German
All
Italian
French
German
Aug 6 resolves out to doubled S.D. 5
One third goes to 3rd of V, other to 5th of V
“French” note ties, 3rd of Aug6 goes to 5th of V
Resolve with a 6/4- 5/3 suspension
Aug 6 resolves out to doubled S.D. 5
One third goes to 3rd of V, other to 5th of V
“French” note ties, 3rd of Aug6 goes to 5th of V
Resolve with a 6/4- 5/3 suspension
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Please proceed to the online quiz followed by the practice
homework set. These both need to be completed before the first
lecture about this topic.
Please proceed to the online quiz followed by the practice
homework set. These both need to be completed before the first
lecture about this topic.