Specifications for conduct of ESD audit of laboratories at ...
Audit of official control laboratories capabilities and accreditation … · 2014. 8. 19. · Q6:...
Transcript of Audit of official control laboratories capabilities and accreditation … · 2014. 8. 19. · Q6:...
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK 2013 results
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
2
About Public Health England
Public Health England’s mission is to protect and improve the nation’s health and to
address inequalities through working with national and local government, the NHS,
industry and the voluntary and community sector. PHE is an operationally autonomous
executive agency of the Department of Health.
Public Health England
133-155 Waterloo Road
Wellington House
London SE1 8UG
Tel: 020 7654 8000
http://www.gov.uk/phe
Twitter: @PHE_uk
Prepared by: Shona Neal, Julia McLean and Jim McLauchlin
For queries relating to this document, please contact [email protected]
© Crown copyright 2013
You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or
medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence v2.0. To view this licence,
visit OGL or email [email protected]. Where we have identified any third
party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders
concerned. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to
You can download this publication from www.gov.uk/phe
Published September 2013
PHE publications gateway number: 2013174
This document is available in other formats on request. Please email [email protected]
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
3
Contents
About Public Health England 2
Executive summary 4
Introduction 5
Method 5
Results 5
Discussion and Conclusions 23
Microbiology Testing and Capacity – Q3 to Q7 23
Handling of Schedule 5 agents – Q8 to Q10 23
Official Control Testing (organism vs. matrix) – Q11 & Q14 23
Participation in Proficiency Test schemes – Q15 & Q16 24
Referral of organisms isolated – Q17 to Q19 25
Provision of National Reference Laboratory Services – Q20 to Q23 25
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
4
Executive summary
In order to ascertain various aspects of Official Control Laboratories (OCL), a
questionnaire was drafted using SelectSurvey and sent to OCL contacts. Responses
were downloaded both individually and as an Excel sheet and analysed on a question-
by-question basis.
In total, 17 laboratories entered results, generating a response rate of 61%. A further
four laboratories replied after a repeat contact, stating they no longer perform
microbiology testing. Key points include:
fourteen laboratories test Official Controls for local authorities/port health authorities
eight laboratories have access to a containment level 3 (CL3) facility; none of which
are in Scotland
only three laboratories are accredited to detect Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia
coli (VTEC), although all are accredited for the detection of E. coli O157
o this may increase after the addition of VTEC in sprouted seeds in the
Microbiological Criteria
although most laboratories are accredited for detection of campylobacter, only five
perform enumeration and none are accredited
all laboratories participated in proficiency testing schemes, although no single
scheme is used by all laboratories
o the Food and Environmental Proficiency Testing Unit (FEPTU) European
Food Microbiology Legislation Scheme (previously the Food Law Scheme)
has limited participation, and would provide comparative data for all the
OCLs in the UK
This audit has identified areas of weakness, which can inform future National Reference
Laboratory (NRL) activities to support the OCLs, such as preparedness of VTEC
detection and CL3 facilities and campylobacter enumeration. The NRL also
recommends the OCLs to participate in the European Food Microbiology Legislation
Scheme, organised by FEPTU, as this provides external quality assessment samples
for laboratories that examine food products in accordance with European legislation
regulations.
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
5
Introduction
Public Health England (the successor organisation to the Health Protection Agency)
was awarded the contract to provide the service of the UK’s National Reference
Laboratory for food microbiology by the UK’s competent authority, the Foods Standards
Agency (FSA), under EU regulation 882/2004. The NRL’s main function is to provide
advice, training and other support to the other Official Control Laboratories in the UK for
the following work areas: Listeria monocytogenes, coagulase positive staphylococci,
Escherichia coli (incl. VTEC), campylobacter, salmonella and antimicrobial resistance.
As part of the NRL’s remit, and to inform future activities, an audit was undertaken on
accreditation status, numbers of food Examiners employed, tests available and
membership of proficiency test (PT) schemes.
Method
A series of questions was drafted, including capabilities and capacity, details of
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) accreditation and anticipated
services from the National Reference Laboratory. To maximise the response rate and
minimise data-entry, the questions were transferred to the PHE-approved online survey
tool, SelectSurvey. After piloting the survey, the URL link was sent to all the OCL
contacts identified from the FSA website (n=28 laboratories), with an introductory letter
in April 2013. The closing date for responses was 20 May 2013. Responses were then
downloaded both individually and as an Excel sheet and analysed on a question-by-
question basis.
Results
In total, 17 laboratories entered results, generating a response rate of 61%. After
emailing non-responders once more with general questions, such as “Does your
laboratory perform microbiology testing for Official Control purposes?” a further four
laboratories responded stating they no longer perform microbiology testing.
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
6
Preliminary results were presented at the OCL user day (19 June 2013). The following
results are based on the 17 laboratories, and are presented in sequential order to the
questionnaire. The first two questions relate to contact details, which are not included
here and remains anonymous for this report. Any comments are found in the Discussion
and Conclusion section.
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
Q3: Do you currently perform microbiology tests?
Yes: 16 94
No: 1 6
Q4: Do you currently perform microbiology tests for Official Control Purposes?
Yes: 15 88
No: 2 12
Q5: Do you currently perform microbiology test for Official Control purposes on behalf of local authorities/port health authorities?
Yes: 14 82
No: 3 18
94%
6%
Q3: Do you currently perform tests?
Yes:
No:
88%
12%
Q4: Microbiology testing of Official Controls?
Yes:
No:
82%
18%
Q5: Official Control testing for LAs/PHA?
Yes:
No:
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
8
5
3 2
1 0
1 1 3 4 8
Nu
mb
er
of
Pu
blic
An
alys
ts
Number of Laboratories
Q7: Public Analysts & supervise microbiological Official Control testing?
Q6: How many staff are designated as food examiners?
Breakdown: Number of food
examiners Number of labs
1 2
2 4
3 5
4 2
5 2
6 2
Q7: How many staff are designated as public analysts and supervise microbiological testing for Official Control purposes?
Breakdown: Number of labs
Number of public analysts
1 5
1 3
3 2
4 1
8 0
Individual OCL
Food Examiner
Public Analyst Total
1 6 0 6
2 4 0 4
3 1 1 2
4 1 1 2
5 3 0 3
6 2 1 3
7 3 2 5
8 4 0 4
9 2 1 3
10 3 3 6
11 3 0 3
12 5 2 7
13 5 5 10
14 6 0 6
15 2 0 2
16 2 2 4
17 3 0 3
1 2
3 4
5 6
2 4 5 2 2 2
Nu
mb
er
of
Foo
d E
xam
ine
rs
Number of Laboratories
Q6: Designated Food Examiners?
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
9
Q8: Do you currently have access to a containment level 3 laboratory? No. % Yes: 8 47 No: 8 47 No answer given: 1 6
Q9: Are you currently registered to hold agents listed in schedule 5 of the anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 (Modification) order 2007? No. % Yes: 8 47 No: 9 53
47%
53%
Q9: Registered under Schedule 5 to hold agents?
Yes:
No:
47%
47%
6%
Q8: CL3 availability?
Yes:
No:
No answer given:
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
10
Q10: If Yes (to the above question), which agents? Brucella canis 1
Clostridium perfringens 9
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli 2
Multiple-drug resistant Salmonella paratyphi 1
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1
Salmonella paratyphi A, B, C 2
Shigella boydii 2
Shigella flexneri 2
other* 1
1
9
2
1 1
2 2 2
1
N
u
m
b
e
r
Agents
Q10: Which agents are you registered to hold under Schedule 5?
* 2012 order removed C perfringens from list
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
11
Q11 & 12: (NOTE: 15/17 tested Official Controls) Which agents do you currently detect/enumerate for Official Control Purposes for the following food matrices?
Listeria detection non-accredited accredited
Ready to eat 0 15
Milk powder 0 14 Poultry 0 13 Other meat 0 13 Milk products 0 14 Eggs 0 14 Ice-cream 0 14 Sprouted seeds 0 14 Fruit and veg 0 14
Listeria enumeration non-accredited accredited
Ready to eat 0 15 Milk powder 0 14 Poultry 0 13
Other meat 0 13 Milk products 0 13 Eggs 0 13 Ice-cream 0 14 Sprouted seeds 0 14 Fruit and veg 0 14
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 14 13 13 14 14 14 14 14
Nu
mb
er
of
lab
s
Food matrices
Q11: Listeria detection
Listerianon-accreditated
ListeriaTest-accreditated
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 14 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 N
um
be
r o
f la
bs
Food matrices
Q12: Listeria enumeration
Listerianon-accreditated
ListeriaTest-accreditated
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
12
CPS detection non-accredited accredited
Ready to eat 2 7 Milk powder 2 6 Poultry 2 7 Other meat 2 6 Milk products 2 6
Eggs 2 6 Ice-cream 2 6 Sprouted seeds 2 6 Fruit and veg 2 6
CPS enumeration non-accredited accredited
Ready to eat 0 15 Milk powder 0 13 Poultry 0 13 Other meat 1 12 Milk products 0 12 Eggs 0 13 Ice-cream 0 12 Sprouted seeds 0 13 Fruit and veg 0 13
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 6
Nu
mb
er
of
lab
s
Food matrices
Q11: CPS detection
CPSnon-accreditated
CPSTest-accreditated
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
15 13 13 12 12 13 12 13 13
Nu
mb
er
of
lab
s
Food matrices
Q12: CPS enumeration
Coagulase positive staphylococcinon-accreditated
Coagulase positive staphylococciTest-accreditated
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
13
E. coli detection non-accredited accredited
Ready to eat 2 11 Milk powder 2 9 Poultry 2 11 Other meat 2 10 Milk products 2 9 Eggs 2 10 Ice-cream 2 10 Sprouted seeds 2 10 Fruit and veg 2 10
E. coli O157 detection non-
accredited accredited
Ready to eat 0 15 Milk powder 0 13 Poultry 0 15 Other meat 0 14 Milk products 0 14 Eggs 0 13 Ice-cream 0 14 Sprouted seeds 0 13 Fruit and veg 0 13
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
11 9 11 10 9 10 10 10 10
Nu
mb
er
of
lab
s
Food matrices
Q11: E. coli detection
E-Colinon-accreditated
E-ColiTest-accreditated
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 13 15 14 14 13 14 13 13
Nu
mb
er
of
lab
s
Food matrices
Q11: E. coli O157 detection
E-Coli 0157non-accreditated
E-Coli 0157Test-accreditated
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
14
VTEC detection non-accredited accredited
Ready to eat 3 3
Milk powder 3 2
Poultry 3 2
Other meat 3 2
Milk products 3 2
Eggs 3 2
Ice-cream 3 2
Sprouted seeds 3 2
Fruit and veg 3 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Nu
mb
er
of
lab
s
Food matrices
Q11: VTEC detection
VTECnon-accreditated
VTECTest-accreditated
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
15
Campylobacter detection non-accredited accredited
Ready to eat 0 15 Milk powder 0 13 Poultry 0 15 Other meat 0 13 Milk products 0 13 Eggs 0 13 Ice-cream 0 13 Sprouted seeds 0 13 Fruit and veg 0 13
Campylobacter enumeration
non-accredited accredited
Ready to eat 4 0 Milk powder 4 0 Poultry 5 0 Other meat 5 0 Milk products 4 0 Eggs 4 0 Ice-cream 4 0 Sprouted seeds 4 0 Fruit and veg 4 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 13 15 13 13 13 13 13 13
Nu
mb
er
of
lab
s
Food matrices
Q11: Campylobacter detection
Campylobacternon-accreditated
CampylobacterTest-accreditated
4 4 5 5
4 4 4 4 4
0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0 0
Nu
mb
er
of
lab
s
Food matrices
Q12: Campylobacter enumeration
Campylobacternon-accreditated
CampylobacterTest-accreditated
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
16
Salmonella detection non-accredited accredited
Ready to eat 0 15
Milk powder 0 14
Poultry 0 15
Other meat 0 14
Milk products 0 14
Eggs 0 14
Ice-cream 0 14
Sprouted seeds 0 14
Fruit and veg 0 14
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 14
15 14 14 14 14 14 14
Nu
mb
er
of
lab
s
Food matrices
Q11: Salmonella detection
Salmonellanon-accreditated
SalmonellaTest-accreditated
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
17
Q13: Do you have any further comments on availability of tests?
*Don't currently do official control of foods
*The laboratory enumerates Escherichia coli
*The testing is carried out by our sister company Eurofins Food Testing (UK) UKAS 0342 on the same site at Acton. E. coli 0157 is carried out by our sister company Eurofins Food Testing (UK) UKAS 0342 at the Wolverhampton site.
*We do not undertake campylobacter enumeration
*We routinely enumerate Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, C. perfringens and B. cereus and are accredited for all of these.
Q14: Do you perform any antimicrobial sensitivities? If Yes, on which organisms
No 12 No answer given 4 *Yes 1
(*Susceptibility testing performed on Salmonellae and Campylobacter spp.)
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
18
Q15: Do you use any EQA schemes from PHE FEPTU? Standard 9
Drinking Water 14
Pathogenic Vibrio 5 Staphylococcus Enterotoxin Detection 0
Non-Pathogen 6
Extended 7
Food Law 8
Bottled and Mineral Water 8
Q16: Do you participate in EQAs from other providers? If so, please list providers and schemes
*PHE FEPTU - Legionella scheme, Recreational or Surface Water scheme, Endoscopy Water scheme, Dialysis Water scheme LGC - Phosphatase and Water Activity scheme PHE FEPTU and CEFAS - Shellfish (E. coli, salmonella and faecal coliforms) Food Standards Agency - Campylobacter enumeration proficiency test, EURL - Campylobacter enumeration proficiency test *Phosphatase CEFAS shellfish whole animal ring trial CEFAS faecal coliforms in shellfish FSA Proficiency scheme for enumeration of Campylobacter (Uni of Bristol)
*Cefas Shellfish
*Dairy QCL *LGC-QUALITY IN MICROBIOLOGY (QMS)PHE-SHELLFISH EQAPHE-LEGIONELLA DON WHITLEY QUAILTY COUNTS
*LGC QMS Scheme
*Endotoxin - Charles River *PHE Legionella and Shellfish PT schemes. Don Whitley Quality counts scheme
*LGC. Also various customer and Eurofins EQA *Yes PHE/CEFAS Shellfish Scheme CEFAS Whole Animal Scheme. LGC Quality in Food Chemistry - Water Activity LGC Quality in Dairy Chemistry - Phosphatase *LGC
*CEFAS shellfish EQA scheme. HPE shellfish scheme
9
14
5 0 6 7 8 8
Stand
ard
Drin
king W
ater
Path
ogen
icV
ibrio
Staph
ylocco
ccu
s Entero
toxin
De
tection
No
n-P
atho
gen
Extend
ed
Foo
d Law
Bo
ttled
and
Min
eral W
ater
N
u
m
b
e
r
EQA Schemes
Q15: Do you use any EQA schemes from PHE FEPTU?
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
19
Q17: Do you refer organisms for further confirmation of identification and/or characterisation to PHE-Colindale?
Yes: 14 82
No: 3 18
Q18: Which organisms do you refer for reference testing? Listeria spp. 11
Salmonella spp. 10
Campylobacter spp. 6
Coag pos Staphylococci, inc for enterotoxin detection
8
E.coli, inc. O157 and VTEC 7
Clostridia spp 6
Bacillus spp. 6
Legionella spp. 4
Vibrio spp. 2
Yersinia spp. 2
82%
18%
Q17: Do you refer organisms for further confirmation of identification and/or characterisation to PHE-Colindale?
Yes:
No:
11 10
6
8 7
6 6
4 2 2
N
u
m
b
e
r
Organisms
Q18: Which organisms do you refer?
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
20
Q19: Do you refer organisms elsewhere (eg VLA, Scottish Salmonella/VTEC Reference Laboratory, or other PHE laboratory) If so, please state laboratories and organisms.
No 9 No answer given 3 Yes (answers given below) 5
*Salmonella - Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow E coli O157 - Edinburgh Royal Infirmary
*Yes, Salmonella/Campylobacter-Scottish Salmonella Ref Laboratory Stobhill, Glasgow E.coli /VTEC Scottish Reference Laboratory Edinburgh Royal. Legionella- Scottish Reference Laboratory Stobhill, Glasgow.
*Scottish Salmonella/VTEC Reference Laboratory *Scottish Salmonella Ref Lab – Salmonella Scottish VTEC Ref Lab - E. coli O157 Scottish
Legionella Ref Lab - Legionella *Listeria to Campden BRI. Moulds to CABI
Q20: What services do you think should be provided by the National Reference Lab?
Yes No
SOPs 12 3
Risk Assessments 4 6
Audit Checklists 5 5
Training 16 Advice 15 Information on changes in
legislation 15
Application of the microbiology criteria regulation
13 1
Information on preparations of witness statements
10 2
Shelf life testing 4 6
Ring trials 8 2
12
4 5
16 15 15 13
10
4
8
3
6 5
1
2
6
2
Q20: What services should be provided by the National Reference Lab?
Yes No
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
21
Q21: If you have answered Yes to any of the above questions, please list areas below:
*The NRL should support an outward facing website so that our SOPs are available to the rest of the world. The NRL should disseminate information on changes of legislation to the laboratories and also support the FWE sites if they apply for multi-site accreditation. The NRL could also support the FWE laboratories in collating survey data so that the administrative/laboratory staff are freed up to concentrate on their other duties.
*SOP NRL website should make these available on the web tTraining in the form of update symposia Advice on methodology, new technology and ISO committee activity. Clear mechanism to notify to legislative changes and updates Not info on witness statements but development of a register for expert witnesses relating to foodborne pathogens Ring trials to support development of SOP's based on ISOs.
*Other NRL's have offered these services for years eg LGC, FERA, CEFAS and to a lesser extent the dairy NRL in Northern Ireland.
*Laboratory based methods training.
*Should hold current validated SOPs and make available to OCLs. - Provide training to extend labs abilities, assist with new techniques or improve/best practice. - Be available to offer advice when problems are encountered, etc. - Updates on any legislation changes particularly where this may/would impact testing or interpretation.
*Technical; legislative; quality.
*Provide SOPs and training in response to legislative changes and ISO updates and maintain current PT schemes.
*Training and advice is always useful and keeping up to date with legislation changes is very important.
*All areas in which queries may arise and a common approach would be beneficial
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
22
Q22 Would you be interested and want further information of the following?
% of respondents
NRL user day, held at PHE Colindale 14 82 Workshop for testing bean sprouts and real-time PCR 16 94 Provision of control material (DNA) for VTEC 14 82
Q23: Have you any other comments or suggestions for the NRL's service?
*Once we have had the NRL user day then suggestions for the NRL service would be easier to comment on.
*The list of accredited tests needs a comments box. An example of the additional information that might be given in this section would be salmonella method accredited but do not use Annex D for samples with high background flora, eg raw meat.
*Advice/workshops on validation of new technology, not specifically beansprouts
*Supply a current list of contacts for Reference laboratories for confirmation and serotyping of food poisoning organisms eg Campylobacter
Q22: Would you be interested and want further information of the following?
NRL User Day, held at PHEColindale
Workshop for testing beansprouts and real-time PCR
Provision of controlmaterial (DNA) for VTEC
82% 82%
94%
% of respondents
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
Discussion and Conclusions
Microbiology Testing and Capacity – Q3 to Q7
Of the 17 laboratories that completed the questionnaire, 14 test Official Controls for
local authorities/port health authorities. In recent years, some laboratories have focused
on chemical testing and food testing other than microbiology, resulting in no local
microbiology facilities in many local authority areas. It would be useful to find out where
these local authorities send their samples for testing – and whether any delays are
encountered due to transportation and communication – in order to evaluate any
shortfalls of food microbiology testing in the UK.
All laboratories have more than one food examiner and/or public analyst to perform and
oversee Official Control testing. Details of qualifications were not obtained; this could be
done at a later stage to evaluate whether the updated Food Safety (Sampling &
Qualifications) Regulations 2013 (2013 No. 264) have been adhered to.
Handling of Schedule 5 agents – Q8 to Q10
Only 8/17 OCLs are currently registered to hold agents listed in Schedule 5 of the anti-
terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 (Modification) order 2007. Nine are registered to
handle Clostridium perfingens, which was removed from the list in 2012. Therefore,
when analysed in more detail, only three OCLs are registered to handle agents listed in
Q10. Most of these organisms need to be handled in a containment level 3 (CL3)
environment, to reduce the risk of infection to the handler and contain the organism in
case of accidental release. Eight OCLs have access to a CL3 facility, although none of
the OCLs in Scotland do have CL3 access. Access to a CL3 facility will support the
introduction of the new EU regulation amending microbiological criteria to include
sprouted seed testing for VTEC presence. In addition, advice will be required to aid
those applying to register to hold enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli under Schedule
5.
Official Control Testing (organism vs. matrix) – Q11 & Q14
A comparison was undertaken with the data collected here and the schedule of
accreditation held on the UKAS website for each laboratory; in general, it was not
possible to indentify which particular food products were tested for specific organisms
on the UKAS website. Fourteen and 13 of the 15 laboratories that test Official Controls
are accredited to detect salmonella and detect and enumerate listeria on the foods
listed, respectively (see Results for details). For coagulase positive staphylococci
testing, between 12 and 15 OCLs enumerate on a wide range of food (median 13 OCLs
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
24
accredited), compared to detection of organism (median six accredited and two non-
accredited). Thirteen OCLs are accredited to detect campylobacter in food, but only four
OCLs perform enumeration. In addition, enumeration of campylobacter is performed as
a non-accredited test.
Nine and 13 OCLs detect E. coli and/or E. coli O157 respectively, but less than half can
detect VTEC (eg six OCLs detect from ready-to-eat food). This may increase as the
demand to test sprouted seeds rise, but more support is required to OCLs, including
documentation and training. Furthermore, the question arises when an O157 organism
is isolated from any food matrix, what further action is performed, in terms of submission
to a reference laboratory and testing for toxigenicity (eg vtx1/2 gene presence). It is
therefore recommended that as soon as an O157 is detected, no further work is
undertaken (unless the OCL has provision of a CL3 facility), and that the isolate is sent
to the reference laboratory for further characterisation.
Only one OCL performs antimicrobial sensitivity testing on salmonella and
campylobacter; this is usually performed at the reference laboratory upon request on
isolates from food. Furthermore, the only ISO methods available for antimicrobial
sensitivity testing are aimed for clinical laboratory testing and do not include
interpretation data, of which there are various (eg CLSI, EUCAST). However, there are
long-term plans at an EU level to harmonise antimicrobial testing for both clinical and
food & feed isolates.
Participation in Proficiency Test schemes – Q15 & Q16
There is variation in the OCL’s participation in proficiency test schemes. This ranges
from fourteen OCLs using the Food and Environmental Proficiency Testing Unit’s
(FEPTU) Drinking Water scheme to no labs participating in FEPTU’s Staphylococcus
Enterotoxin Detection scheme. Many other PT schemes were listed by the OCLs, but
these were not relevant to the NRLs activities.Therefore, there was no single scheme
used by all laboratories; hence, it is not currently possible to compare PT performance
for all OCLs in the UK.
FEPTU’s European Food Microbiology Legislation Scheme (previously the Food Law
Scheme) has limited participation (eight OCLs), which provides external quality
assessment samples for laboratories that examine food products in accordance with
European legislation specified in Regulation (EC) 2073/2005 Microbiological Criteria for
Foodstuffs associated with Regulation (EC) 852/2004 and subsequent amendments. In
addition, FEPTU has recently launched a new Public Health Scheme, which simulates
an outbreak setting, comprising of various samples and/or environmental swabs to
ascertain the causative agent. Therefore, the NRL recommends the OCLs to participate
in the European Food Microbiology Legislation Scheme and/or the Public Health
Scheme, as these both do not state which organism should be investigated, and is
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
25
based on the OCL’s routine approaches. In addition, this could provide comparative
performance for all the OCLs.
Referral of organisms isolated – Q17 to Q19
Ten and 11 of the laboratories that test Official Controls refer salmonella and listeria
respectively, onto the relevant reference laboratory for further confirmation of
identification and/or characterisation. However, only eight, seven and six of the OCLs
refer coagulase positive staphylococci, E. coli (including O157 and VTEC strains) and
campylobacter respectively, to a reference laboratory, which can be essential when
investigating food poisoning and/or outbreak events, so as to epidemiologically link a
clinical isolate with a food, water or environmental isolate. Furthermore, there is one
laboratory that only refers salmonella isolates to a reference laboratory, and sends
listeria isolates to Campden BRI (an independent organisation for the food and drinks
industry). In addition to the organisms related to the NRL activities, the OCLs listed
other pathogens of interest, such as Clostridia, Bacillus and Legionella spp.. A list of
reference services and contacts, together with charging policies, will be suggested as a
future NRL activity in the 2012-2013 report.
Provision of National Reference Laboratory Services – Q20 to Q23
Training, advice and information on changes in legislation were the most sought after
services that the OCLs would like from the NRL. There will be a training workshop on
the real-time PCR detection of VTEC in food in October 2013, and the recent OCL User
Day updated participants on changes in legislation, in particular the EU Regulation for
detecting VTEC in sprouted seeds and the UK Food Safety (Sampling & Qualifications)
regulation. Application of the microbiological criteria, provision of SOPs and witness
preparation information were indicated next, and in particular a few comments asking
for the SOPs to be available on a website. The NRL are working towards this goal and
hope to have these available within the next 12 months.
Between two and six OCLs also wanted other NRL services, such as risk assessments
and shelf-life testing; therefore, these services can be made available on an ad hoc
basis from individual OCLs. Conversely, over fourteen OCLs were interested in the
NRL’s future activities (the OCL User Day, the RT-PCR VTEC workshop and provision
of control material for VTEC). Further suggestions from the OCLs include providing a list
of contacts for reference laboratories for confirmation and serotyping of food poisoning
organisms, more general advice and workshops on new technology, and a development
of an expert witness register relating to foodborne pathogens.
Audit of Official Control Laboratories capabilities and accreditation status in the UK
26
This audit has given qualitative data concerning the capabilities and capacity of the
OCLs and has identified many areas of weakness, which can inform future NRL
activities to support the OCLs.