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Real (estate) innovation.Audit Case Study SynopsesTM
Contents
Case Study Synopses™
1 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Legal Information: The RRG name, the terms RRG, RRG Properties, RRG Audit Portal, RRG Portal, RRG Project Management Portal, Audit Accuracy, Audit Timeline, Audit Timespan, Audit Return,
RRG @ Work, Transparency Strategy, Profit Engine, Portfolio Score, Portfolio Score Technology, Audit View, RRG Audit View, Recapture, Recapture Framework, RRG Insight, Knowledge Engine, Knowledge
Capital, Audit Source, Knowledge Source, Resource Value, Exposure Value, Exposure Value Model, Dynamic Assessment Model, RRG Index, RRG Audit Index, RRG Knowledge Base, RRG Knowledge
Center, RRG Training Center, RRG Workspaces, RRG Meeting Place, RRG Audit Solutions, RRG Lease Audit Solutions, RRG Education, RRG Insight, RRG Focus, RRG Direct, RRG Direct Access, RRG
Link, RRG Mobile, RRG Vision, RRG Audit Engine, On-Site Systems, Audit Source, RRG Audit Academy, RRG Academy, Audit Academy, RRG Audit Institute, Audit Institute, RRG Institute, RRG Summit,
RRG Capital, RRG Ventures, RRG Global, RRG Investments, RRG Consulting, RRG Consulting Services, RRG Government, RRG Government Services, RRG Research, RRG Images, Image Vault, RRG
Virtual Audit, Virtual Auditing, Virtual Audits, Focus First Systems, Campaign Scope, Audit Cycles, Landlord Type, Property Manager Type, Macro-Standard Category, Macro-Savings Type, Micro-Savings
Type, Savings Adjustment Model, Landlord Micro-Exposure Category, Landlord Macro-Exposure Category, Process Status Code, Audit Status Code, Preliminary Information Request Letter, PIRL, PIRL
Information, Information Request Letter, IRL, IRL Information, Schedule A, Schedule A Information, Schedule B, Schedule B Information, B, Schedule AB, AB, Schedule AB Information, Additional Request
Letter, ARL, ARL Information, Lease Audit Workbook, AWB, Clarification of Findings Report, COFR, Draft Report, DR, Final Report, FR, Payment Request, PR, Audit Campaign Process and Strategy,
ACPS, Lease Audit Priority Report, LAPR, Information Gathering Log, IGL, File Deficiency Report, Lease Information Status Summary, LISS, Reconciliation Statement Tracking Report, RSTR, Rolling Audit
Recovery Report, RARR, Lease Audit Status Summary, LASS, Audit Campaign Synopsis, ACS, Reconciliation Statement Memo, RSM, Global Authorization Letter, GAL, Customized Authorization Letter,
CAL, Audit Closure Package, ACP, Audit Summary Memo, ASM, RRG Annual Cost Comparison, Audit Scope, Audit Window, RRG Quicknotes, Quicknotes, Cost Containment Services, Efficiency Through
Awareness, Efficiency Through Transparency, Efficient Cost Containment, Knowledge Based Profitability, The Lease Auditor of Choice, Corporate America’s Cost Containment Solution, Cost Containment
Through Corporate Responsibility, Cost Containment Solution, Knowledge Driven Results, Macro Recovery Opportunity, Micro Recovery Opportunity, Audit Efficiency, Audit Efficiency Ratio, Closure
Efficiency, Closure Efficiency Ratio, Portfolio View, Portfolio Dashboard, Savings View, Recovery View, Whitepaper Series, Thought Series, RRG Index, Audit Index, Recovery Index, Savings Index,
Functional Data Layer, Operating Data Layer, Strategic Data Layer, RRG Proprietary Technology, the RRG logo and all related names, logos, product and service names, designs and slogans are trademarks
of RRG and/or its affiliates or licensors, as applicable. You may not use such marks without the prior written permission of RRG. All other names, brands and marks are used for identification purposes only
and may be the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Except as expressly provided herein, RRG does not grant any express or implied right to you or any other person under
any intellectual or proprietary rights. Accordingly, unauthorized use of the Audit Case Study Synopses and/or the contents may violate intellectual property or other proprietary rights laws as well as other
domestic and international laws, regulations, and statutes, including but not limited to, United States copyright, trade secret, patent, and trademark law.
Introduction 2
Audit Case Study Synopses 7
Offices 114
Case Study Synopses™Case Study Synopses™
RRG is the world’s leading provider of enterprise-wide lease audit and cost control solutions.
RRG is an industry defining organization focused on driving cost efficiencies through the real estate and finance systems of private and public sector institutions.
Our core lease audit services have been developed and refined to provide broad avenues through which to see, harness and interpret trends in both data and operating methodology in order to optimize portfolio structure, economics and compliance.
We are uniquely positioned to service any organization anywhere in the world. Our practice area extends globally creating economies that reduce response time, increase efficiency, compress process cycles and enhance overall service delivery. This unparalleled reach and operating scale provide distinct and dynamic opportunities to deliver the most robust, thorough and accurate lease audit and cost containment services available.
3 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.2 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Case Study Synopses™Case Study Synopses™
Material cost savings opportunity exists within every real estate portfolio.
The precision of our services is unequaled. We are consistently successful in leveraging technology, data and analytics to achieve our trademark results.
Our audit programs are comprehensive and customized to our client partner’s operational strategies, finance structure, accounting framework, real estate model, reporting requirements and overall governance objectives.
The provided case studies detail select audits performed and savings identified, negotiated and secured by our professional teams. Each audit is customized to address the intrinsic areas of concern and supported by highly technical reporting that is both quantitative and qualitative. These audit examples will highlight the scope and depth of our services while further reinforcing our capacity and scale in delivering our solutions globally.
5 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.4 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Case Study Country Industry Page
New York, New York United States Consulting 8
San Francisco, California United States Banking 12
Washington, DC United States Legal 16
Toronto, Ontario Canada Banking 20
Chicago, Illinois United States Banking 24
Beijing China Financial Services 28
Los Angeles, California United States Entertainment 32
Sydney Australia Financial Services 36
Boston, Massachusetts United States Computer 40
Miami, Florida United States Banking 44
Irving, Texas United States Telecommunications 48
Montreal Canada Financial Services 52
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States Health Care 56
Seattle, Washington United States Technology 60
New York, New York United States Financial Services 64
Denver, Colorado United States Energy 68
Bangalore India Telecommunications 72
Nashville, Tennessee United States Telecommunications 76
Madrid Spain Technology 80
Houston, Texas United States Energy 84
Atlanta, Georgia United States Banking 88
Carmel, Indiana United States Government 92
Newport News, Virgina United States Aerospace 96
Minneapolis, Minnesota United States Banking 100
Dallas, Texas United States Energy 104
Case Studies
Case Study Synopses™
7 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.6 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
New York New York
RRG’s audit encompassed three (3) operating years and two (2) ownership entities.
Initially, the landlord was unable to provide the requested information for one (1) of the operating years noting that the documentation did not transition as part of the building sale. RRG coordinated with representatives of the prior ownership which happened to be a dissolved trust in order to locate the missing, archived records and obtain a the complete document set.
Through the audit, RRG confirmed material overcharges surrounding the improper application of cleaning credits. The landlord had received cleaning credits from the janitorial service provider for space that the client leased, but did not actually occupy and thus was not being cleaned. Rather than providing the full amount of the credits, the landlord actually inflated the charges by applying a “gross-up” factor to the overall cleaning costs to reflect costs as if the space was being cleaned and then charged back the client its pro-rata share of same. As such, the client was being charged twice for space that was not even cleaned and that it did not occupy. RRG unwound the calculations and applied the proper accounting methodology to align the cost structure with the cleaning contract terms.
Additionally, RRG noted several amortization entries that did not qualify as operating expenses pursuant to the terms of the lease. For several years, the landlord had charged various non-qualifying capital expenditures to operating expenses in the form of amortized expenses. The lease was very specific about the types of allowable capital expenditures which only included government mandated improvements, labor saving improvements and “in lieu of repairs” improvements.
Following RRG’s completion of a utility usage analysis, we were able to confirm that, as required, all tenants in the building were separately metered for usage and that the electricity charged to operating expenses only represented the common area electric. However, RRG determined following a review of the general ledgers, supporting documents and the utilities report that the pass through included gross receipts tax which was distinctly excluded per the requirements of the lease. The source of the issue was that the landlord was generating the utility cost data from a third party prepared usage report where such tax components were inappropriately, embedded in the utility expenses charged to the common area.
The landlord initially disagreed with all the audit findings, but following the conclusion of the negotiation, refunded all amounts represented within the audit reports.
Industry Type
Consulting
Case Study Synopsis™ (3564)New York, New York, United States
8 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors. 9 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$3,162,883
$12.08
Landlord TypeRegional
Corporation
Property Manager Type
Regional Corporation
Self-Managed Yes
CampaignCommencement
Q2 2001
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 100.00%
Audit Timeline™ 137 days
Audit Timespan™ 108 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (3564)New York, New York, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (3564)New York, New York, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Cleaning (Reimbursement (No Application))
$1,741,803
Electricity (Overstatement (Actual))
$399,615
Capital Expenditures (Removal)
$259,590
55.07%
12.63%
8.21%
Cleaning (Gross-Up (Incorrect Application))
$761,875
24.09%
11 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.10 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
San Francisco California
Our team’s audit covered multiple operating years and two (2) ownership entities.
Upon the commencement of the audit, we noted that the insurance amounts charged during the base year were not presented in a manner consistent with that of the subsequent years. Following a review of the support for each annual policy and interviews with the carriers and insurance brokers it was determined that the insurance expenses were not completely recorded. The amounts actually recorded were solely based on amounts paid in the base year as opposed to the amounts applicable to the base year. Our team also discovered that the entire staffing model was altered due to a change in the ownership entity. Numerous individuals were added to the on- site staff operating the building thus drastically affecting many general ledger accounts, however parallel adjustments, as required by the lease, were not made to the base year.
The new ownership entity also owned additional buildings throughout the city and the audit uncovered that certain expenses related to these additional buildings were being captured and passed through in the subject building under audit. Our audit team supported each sub-category expense and built an appropriate allocation schedule to be applied to the expenses in question. Our team also adjusted the management fee charged in each year. The expense in the base year was adjusted significantly upward as our team was able to negotiate to have the free rent, which was granted as a leasing incentive for the client to occupy the space, included in the calculation of the base year management fee.
Furthermore, for each subsequent year, our team removed all revenues associated with utility reimbursements and made a consistency correction due to the landlord changing the calculation method from “revenues billed” model to “revenues collected” model following the ownership change. The landlord agreed to adopt the audit methodology generating additional, annual savings through the remainder of the lease.
Industry Type
Banking
Case Study Synopsis™ (335)San Francisco, California, United States
12 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors. 13 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$1,448,602
$7.81
Landlord TypeInvestor
Consortium
Property Manager Type
Regional Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q4 1999
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 98.53%
Audit Timeline™ 141 days
Audit Timespan™ 106 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (335)San Francisco, California, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (335)San Francisco, California, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Base Year (Payroll (Understatment))1
$195,977
Management Fees (Offset Method (Incorrect Application))1
$119,465
Base Year (Insurance (Understatment))1
$490,347
Calculation Method (Incorrect Allocation)1
$81,555
Base Year (Management Fee (Understatment))1
$561,258
13.53%
8.25%
33.85%
5.63%
38.74%
(1) The outlined audit savings does not reflect the amounts related to subsequent periods based on audit corrections to systemic accounting policies. If such savings were also included within the representation for this Case Study Synopsis™, the audit savings would be $7,387,870.
15 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.14 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Washington District of Columbia
This audit covered the review of the books and records of three (3) ownership entities and two (2) property management organizations.
Our team’s audit revealed that the significant errors were made in a wide variety of operating expense and cost categories including, but not limited to, security, insurance, electricity and repairs & maintenance. Following a review of the building records and interviews with the building asset manager it was determined that the landlord was using inconsistent methods in accounting for costs incurred in the operation of the building. Although not supported by the lease or the applicable amendments, the landlord was independently switching between cash and accrual accounting during each of the periods under audit review. Our team remodeled the annual cost records and removed all expenses that had been double booked, translating into substantial savings for each year under review.
It was also noted the overtime HVAC reimbursement credits were being calculated incorrectly. It was determined that the landlord was varying the hourly rates and the framework and methodology for how credits were to be quantified and allocated to the operating costs of the building. The discrepancies between methods used in the base years and those outside the base years amounted to the landlord collecting considerably more than was actually being incurred for this category. Following the audit, our team supported that expense categories and subcategories for each of the two (2) base years had been drastically understated due to the landlord “holding” certain expenses until the base year periods had elapsed. These practices were noted, supported and adjusted allowing each of the individual base years to be reset to normalized and accurate levels the impact of which would generate additional material savings through the remainder of the lease term.
Industry Type
Legal
Case Study Synopsis™ (866)Washington, District of Columbia, United States
16 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors. 17 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$915,860
$4.80
Landlord TypeInvestor
Consortium
Property Manager Type
National Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q4 2002
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope Global Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annua/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 88.73%
Audit Timeline™ 113 days
Audit Timespan™ 74 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (866) Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (866)Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Insurance (Overstatement (Accrual))
$119,582
13.06%
Repair and Maintenance (Overstatement (Accrual))
$312,246 Security (Accounting (Inconsistency))
$276,492
34.09% 30.19%
Electricity (Reimbursement (No Application)1 $207,540
22.66%
(1) The outlined audit savings does not reflect the amounts related to subsequent periods based on audit corrections to systemic accounting policies. If such savings were also included within the representation for this Case Study Synopsis™, the audit savings would be $2,534,672.
19 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.18 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Toronto Canada
Upon the commencement of the audit, our team found that the landlord was renovating a block of space that had recently been vacated by a major user in order to ready it to be marketed to the public. The landlord had also replaced three (3) of the building HVAC units and passed the entire expense through in one (1) operating year, rather than amortizing the charges over the useful life of the improvements. This proved to be a pivotal adjustment as our client was moving out of the building in less than two (2) years and would avoid the balance of the amortization liability. We also found the landlord was including imputed rents and all utility charges associated with the management, janitorial and security offices located in the building even though such charges were not allowable per the lease, and were not present within the base year. We discovered and adjusted various expenses of landlord’s general corporate overhead not wholly attributable to the operation and management of the building.
Industry Type
Banking
Case Study Synopsis™ (936)Toronto, Canada
20 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors. 21 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$1,259,107
$5.76
Landlord TypeInvestment Trust
Property Manager Type
Investment TrustSelf-Managed
Yes
CampaignCommencement
Q1 1999
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope Global Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 90.89%
Audit Timeline™ 116 days
Audit Timespan™ 94 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (936)Toronto, Canada
Case Study Synopsis™ (936)Toronto, Canada
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Pro-Rata Share (Calculation Method (Inconsistency))
$157,636
Repair and Maintenance (Buildout (Another Tenant))
$407,622
Capital Expenditures (Amortization)
$506,341
12.52%
32.37%
40.22%
Corporate Overhead (Exclusion Compliance) $187,508
14.89%
23 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.22 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Chicago Illinois
Our team performed an audit of a property that had been converted to office use and retrofitted as an occupancy inducement. However, during the audit, it was determined that much of the work that was to be completed regarding the HVAC system modification was not finished in advance of the client’s lease commencement, but rather postponed and passed through to the client as part of the operating expenses of the building. Additionally, the landlord was categorizing subsequent replacements of major HVAC components as expenses with the justification that the incurred “cost savings expenditures” would increase the operating efficiency and ultimately decrease the overall operating costs of the building. The cost savings calculations provided by the landlord were reviewed and scrutinized and it was determined that the only reason the theoretical cost savings delta existed was because the correct work was not completed initially and thus the system was operating below required standards. Our position was further supported by a synopsis report from the global vendor responsible for the initial and additional work which confirmed the audit positions.
We also detailed that the landlord calculated the management fee incorrectly by including non-qualifying revenue related to termination fees, HVAC reimbursements, fitness center charges and cafeteria rent. These alternate revenue streams were noted and removed from the calculation methodology. Further, adjustments were made related to the inclusion of sale related bonuses and applicable taxes which coincided with the change of ownership of the building. Through the audit, our team also removed corporate legal and professional fees as well as miscellaneous items such as improper accrual charges for water and HVAC reimbursements due to the change in ownership. Such final accruals were accounted for in the general ledger of the prior ownership, but were not reversed in the general ledger of the new ownership when the actual costs for the accrual periods were recorded.
Lastly, our team reversed duplicate charges related to the actual costs of providing the overtime HVAC services (engineer labor, electricity and additional repairs due to wear and tear) which had already been included in the operating expenses for the building.
Industry Type
Banking
Case Study Synopsis™ (10218) Chicago, Illinois, United States
24 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors. 25 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$3,658,441
$9.40
Landlord TypeRegional
Corporation
Property Manager Type
National Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q3 2004
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 93.88%
Audit Timeline™ 106 days
Audit Timespan™ 87 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (10218)Chicago, Illinois, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (10218)Chicago, Illinois, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
HVAC Installation (Exclustion Compliance)
$482,348
Professional Fees (Exclusion Compliance)
$175,688
HVAC (Duplicate Charge(s))
$147,612
HVAC Installation (Capital Expenditure (Removal))
$902,399
Payroll (Exclusion Compliance)
$89,643
HVAC (Overstatement (Accrual))
$127,197
Repair and Maintenance (Other (Exclusion Compliance)
$730,699
Management Fee (Overstatement (Actual Cost))
$861,053
Water (Overstatement (Accrual))
$141,802
13.18%
4.80%
4.03%
24.67%
2.45%
3.48%
19.97%
23.54%
3.88%
27 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.26 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Beijing China
RRG’s audit covered three (3) operating years.
Following RRG’s review of audit information provided, it was noted that there were three (3) abatement periods granted under the terms of the lease. The periods correlated to the first calendar year quarter in each of the first three (3) years of the lease term. Within such defined abatement periods, all base rent payments were to be relieved. It was confirmed that the client was billed, and paid full, base rent for the initial thirty-six (36) months of the term. Following correspondence with the property manager and presentation of the findings, it was agreed that a credit would be generated for the client (corresponding to nine (9) months of base rent) to apply to the upcoming months of base rent until exhausted.
RRG also adjusted club membership dues and the cost to acquire the artwork and sculptures that were decorating the lobby of the building which were being passed through.
Industry Type
Financial Services
Case Study Synopsis™ (7224)Beijing, China
28 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors. 29 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$289,478
$4.28
Landlord TypeInternational Corporation
Property Manager Type
Regional Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q3 2005
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope Global Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 82.67%
Audit Timeline™ 77 days
Audit Timespan™ 62 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (7224)Beijing, China
Case Study Synopsis™ (7224)Beijing, China
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Rent Abatement (No Application)
$157,815
Rent Abatement (Incorrect Application)
$76,218
Dues/Subscriptions (Exclusion Compliance)
$25,834
54.52%
26.33%
8.92%
Artwork (Exclusion Compliance) $29,611
10.23%
31 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.30 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Los Angeles California
Our team’s audit covered four (4) operating years and three (3) changes in ownership.
RRG was initially engaged to determine the validity of a minimal operating expense “carry over” charge from a prior landlord’s cost records. During the initial field-work visit, our team discovered that the charge was indeed erroneous because the base year tax amount was excluded from the overall base year cost determination. Our team negotiated with the landlord to secure the adjustment. The new corrected base year was confirmed and the landlord agreed to utilize the increased base year for the remainder of the lease term. Following an additional detailed review of the operating expense data, general ledgers, invoices, work-orders and tax bills, our team documented that the Proposition 13 clause stipulated in the lease was not adhered to following two (2) changes in ownership. We also noticed that the client had been and was currently being charged improperly for costs associated with after-hour HVAC usage. Our team worked with utility suppliers to verify usage numbers and rate costs. Due to the magnitude of the audit findings, the landlord suggested engaging a third party engineer who had worked on the building systems in the past. All parties agreed to the study by the engineer who subsequently verified and concurred with all of our team’s findings. The landlord agreed to apply all adjustments in accordance with the audit results for each remaining year of the lease term.
Industry Type
Entertainment
Case Study Synopsis™ (9237)Los Angeles, California, United States
32 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors. 33 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$2,735,861
$14.48
Landlord TypeRegional
Corporation
Property Manager Type
Regional Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q3 2005
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope United States
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 99.46%
Audit Timeline™ 309 days
Audit Timespan™ 284 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (9237) Los Angeles, California, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (9237)Los Angeles, California, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Base Year (Real Estate Tax (No Application))1 $993,419
Electricity (Overstatement (Actual Cost))
$1,011,852
Real Estate Tax (Proposition 13 Application)1
$528,306
Chilled Water (Overstatement (Actual Cost))
$74,418
Electricity (Reimbursement Method (Incorrect Application))1
$127,866
36.31%
36.98%
19.31%
2.72%
4.67%
(1) The outlined audit savings does not reflect the amounts related to subsequent periods based on audit corrections to systemic accounting policies. If such savings were also included within the representation for this Case Study Synopsis™, the audit savings would be $5,540,166.
35 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.34 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Sydney Australia
RRG’s audit covered two (2) years and three (3) changes in ownership.
Upon RRG’s review of the lease, file information, including historical incentive agreements, and other materials related to this location, it was determined that incentive payments had not been paid to the client and remained outstanding. Due to multiple changes of ownership, the documentation supporting the amount owed could not be readily determined and supported by the current landlord. RRG wound up requesting and reviewing all of the information contained in the due diligence files covering the prior two (2) ownership changes and modeled the appropriate outstanding incentive framework based on such complete materials. Upon review of those files, it was confirmed that only an immaterial amount equating to less than five percent (5.00%) had been paid to the client four (4) years earlier while the balance remained unpaid. RRG worked with the current landlord to facilitate the issuance of the balance to the client in order to resolve all incentive concerns.
Industry Type
Financial Services
Case Study Synopsis™ (7841)Sydney, Australia
36 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors. 37 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$1,529,477
$36.68
Landlord TypeInternational Corporation
Property Manager TypeInternational Corporation
Self-Managed Yes
CampaignCommencement
Q3 2007
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope Global Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 100.00%
Audit Timeline™ 91 days
Audit Timespan™ 68 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (7841)Sydney, Australia
Case Study Synopsis™ (7841)Sydney, Australia
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Rent Abatement (No Aplication)
$420,497
Buildout Allowance (Request (Incorrect Payment))
$1,108,980
27.49%
72.51%
39 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.38 / Real (estate) innovation. Copyright © 2001-2016 RRG and/or its licensors.
Boston Massachusetts
RRG’s audit covered one (1) operating year as RRG had audited all of the other years in prior audits.
Upon the commencement of the audit, RRG found that the landlord had charged back to operating expenses the entire audit refund secured by RRG for the client from the prior year audit and passed it through to the building of which the client occupied ninety-three percent (93.00%). Additionally, following the review of the preliminary and secondary materials requested during the audit, RRG noted that the management fee charged exceeded the amount allowable as such fees were fixed at a static monthly amount for the duration of the lease. During this operating year, the landlord was also calculating the management fee at the project level using a five percent (5.00%) of gross revenue model and then allocating the fee on a building share basis which was not allowable given the fixed nature of the client’s lease provision. The landlord agreed to adopt the corrected management fee methodology and apply it through the remainder of the lease term. All such charges were adjusted for the subject operating year. In addition, RRG was able to revise the operating expense basis used to determine the estimates being paid in the current year resulting in an additional savings related to the management fee adjustment.
Industry Type
Computer
Case Study Synopsis™ (862)Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$489,796
$4.13
Landlord TypeNational
Corporation
Property Manager TypeFortune 500 Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q2 2003
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 71.99%
Audit Timeline™ 81 days
Audit Timespan™ 63 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (862)Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (862)Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Pro Rata Share (Management Fees (Incorrect Application))
$200,506
Management Fees(Contract Compliance)
$225,976
Audit Refund(Duplicate Charge(s))
$63,314
40.94% 46.14%
12.93%
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Miami Florida
Our team’s audit covered multiple years, three (3) property manager changes, two (2) ownership changes and two (2) subleases.
After coordination with multiple entities, we were able to compile the complete set of financial history. Our team analyzed all financial records associated with the operation of the building and noted various accounting inconsistencies. The trend model prepared identified a substantial increase in expense liability subsequent to each change in property manager. It was shown that each new entity was double, and in some cases triple, billing the client. The errors were across numerous categories and sub-categories and were generally a sign of an overall mismanagement rather than the localized mistreatment of certain expenses. We noted the sources of the errors, rebuilt the accounting history and worked with each ownership group to secure refunds for all overcharged amounts.
Our team also analyzed the two (2) existing subleases associated with the location. Following a detailed audit of the original documents, applicable amendments and financial history at the location, our team determined that the client had been improperly billing its subtenants. Under one (1) sublease, the client’s outsourced lease administration firm had failed to escalate rent in accordance with the sublease for over four (4) years. Furthermore, while the landlord was sending the lease administration firm the electricity bills tied to the subtenant’s after-hours utility use, they were never being charged back to the subtenant for reimbursement. Under the second sublease the same lease administration firm failed to calculate and seek reimbursement for any additional rent charges as provided for in the sublease. The subtenant had a clearly defined base year, however no additional rent had been charged for five (5) years each of which was above the base year. Our team reconciled each respective sublease history, supported the back billing, applied any “carry over” credits from the landlord audits and collected the substantial reimbursements from the subtenants. Our team also developed a program and implemented financial models to be utilized for tracking and accurately calculating the reimbursements in the future.
Industry Type
Banking
Case Study Synopsis™ (811)Miami, Florida, United States
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$718,559
$7.66
Landlord TypeInvestor
Consortium
Property Manager Type
National Corporation
Self-Managed Yes
CampaignCommencement
Q4 2001
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 92.51%
Audit Timeline™ 194 days
Audit Timespan™ 126 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (811)Miami, Florida, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (811)Miami, Florida, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Duplicate Charge(s) $75,208
Sublease (Calculation Method (Rent Escalation Basis))
$86,012
Accounting Method (Charges) $96,261
Calculation Method (Non-Reconciliation)
$144,523
Calculation Method (No Allocation)
$316,555
10.47%
11.97%
13.40%
20.11%
44.05%
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Irving Texas
Through the audit, we noted that the landlord used operating expense and tax amounts that did not contain a gross-up factor when determining the base year costs for this build-to-suit property. Furthermore tax amounts used as the base year tax expense excluded the building value and were solely attributable to the land value. Our team interviewed and worked with the lead tax assessor in the state to determine the proper base year tax assessment for the project. We reviewed all records associated with the operation and the construction of the building, remodeled the costs and reset the base year expenses. The client exercised its termination right during the negotiation of the audit and was asked to pay the termination fee. Our team analyzed the multiple metrics making up the termination fee and concluded that adjustments were warranted due to the impact of the previously adjusted expenses and tax concerns. Additionally, we determined that the amortization schedule and methodology used by the landlord were inconsistent with the lease provisions and adjustments were made.
Industry Type
Telecommunications
Case Study Synopsis™ (10882)Irving, Texas, United States
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Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$1,986,129
$12.34
Landlord TypeRegional
Corporation
Property Manager Type
Regional Corporation
Self-Managed Yes
CampaignCommencement
Q2 2006
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 100.00%
Audit Timeline™ 38 days
Audit Timespan™ 23 days
Base Year (Gross-Up Method (No Application))
$368,365
Real Estate Tax (Assessed Value)
$715,018
Base Year (Understatment)
$312,522
18.55%
36.00%
15.74%
Termination Fee (Calculation Method (General Compliance))
$590,224
29.72%
Case Study Synopsis™ (10882)Irving, Texas, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (10882)Irving, Texas, United States
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Montreal Canada
RRG’s audit commenced as a two (2) year review, but based on a “claw back provision” within the lease evolved into a five (5) year review covering two (2) ownership entities and two (2) property management organizations.
Initially, it was noted during the audit that the landlord’s gross-up calculation did not reflect the appropriate variable-fixed ratio for the water consumption expense and that a material number of capital expenditures were being classified as operating expenses. These elements were addressed and adjusted and corrected during the early phases of RRG’s audit. The landlord was also collecting a management fee equal to four percent (4.00%) of gross revenue. Following the review of the management fee agreement, the outlined framework dictated that only two percent (2.00%) of that was being dispersed to the management company while the balance was being retained by the landlord. The lease was very specific and restricted the management fee expense to be incurred by the client to that actually paid to the third party management company. This was agreed to and reduced by the landlord. Further, the model resulting from the audit, which equated to a reduction in the management fee percentage by half, was adopted by the landlord for the remainder of the lease term.
RRG also made numerous adjustments to the insurance categories. The landlord was passing through premium amounts that were in excess of those actually incurred. In addition, garage keepers insurance was removed and all periods with overlapping coverage were corrected. The landlord was also charging back to the building as operating expenses tenant-related costs such as meals, gifts, and similar charges which were all confirmed as leasing related expenses.
Industry Type
Financial Services
Case Study Synopsis™ (18544)Montreal, Canada
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$1,757,168
$18.00
Landlord TypeRegional
Corporation
Property Manager Type
Regional Corporation
Self-Managed Yes
CampaignCommencement
Q4 2007
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 86.24%
Audit Timeline™ 107 days
Audit Timespan™ 93 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (18544)Montreal, Canada
Case Study Synopsis™ (18544)Montreal, Canada
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Water (Gross-Up Method (Incorrect Application))1
$164,873
Tenant Events (Exclusion Compliance)
$9,425
Management Fees (Contract Compliance)
$412,833
Capital Expenditures (Removal)
$1,084,001
Parking (Insurance (Accounting Method Charges))
$13,878
Building Insurance (Overstatement (Actual Cost))
$72,158
9.38%
0.54%
23.49%
61.69%
0.79%
4.11%
(1) The outlined audit savings does not reflect the amounts related to subsequent periods based on audit corrections to systemic accounting policies. If such savings were also included within the representation for this Case Study Synopsis™, the audit savings would be $3,010,203.
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Philadelphia Pennsylvania
Our team’s audit covered multiple years and two (2) changes in ownership.
At the outset of the audit, it became apparent that the correct pro-rata share was not being used. Our client had expanded within the building through multiple amendments each of which modified its share of the building. What the landlord failed to consider was that in many of these amendments, not only was additional space being occupied, but other spaces within the building were being terminated. The landlord was not reflecting the terminated spaces in the calculations and continued to increase the share without netting out the shares associated with the vacated spaces. It was also noted that there were numerous issues associated with taxes. A practice was developed whereby the taxes were being paid ahead of the payment schedule to take advantage of the early payment discount that was offered by the City of Philadelphia. However, this discount was not being passed on to the tenants of the building. It was also determined that the landlord was including the costs of business taxes from other owned entities in the operating costs of the building.
Furthermore, the landlord was not only passing through auditing, accounting and professional fees in connection with audits of the financial statements of other buildings within its portfolio, but also the fees associated with the preparation of the federal and state income tax returns for the respective partnerships. Our team also removed numerous sponsorships, club memberships, sports tickets and contributions that were paid by the landlord each year, but then accounted for as liabilities of the building. Lastly, it was also determined that every expense associated with the operation and maintenance of the parking garage was being passed through as an expense to the building although clearly excluded per the terms and conditions of the lease.
Industry Type
Health Care
Case Study Synopsis™ (7682)Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$1,448,602
$7.81
Landlord TypeEntrepreneurial
Property Manager TypeEntrepreneurial
Self-Managed Yes
CampaignCommencement
Q1 2003
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 79.26%
Audit Timeline™ 47 days
Audit Timespan™ 30 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (7682)Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (7682)Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Real Estate Taxes (Rebate)
$131,319
Accounting Method (Pro-Rata)
$970,291
Accounting Fees (Exclusion Compliance)
$182,617
7.11%
52.56%
9.89%
Parking/Garage (Exclusion Compliance) $561,677
30.44%
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Seattle Washington
RRG’s audit encompassed four (4) years.
Following a detailed review of landlord’s books and records, RRG noted that the landlord had included the cost of certain capital expenditures which, per the lease, were to be excluded from operating expenses. Initially, the landlord disagreed with RRG’s position, but following negotiations which included the landlord, client and each party’s respective legal representatives, RRG achieved a settlement whereby the landlord would exclude sixty percent (60.00%) of the amortized costs of the disputed capital expenditures from operating expenses (“60.00% Capital Model”). In addition, the landlord and the client, via the settlement agreement, specified the future projects which fit the 60.00% Capital Model and agreed that such future projects would be amortized and subjected to the same exclusion model. This agreement by the landlord with the audit results would produce additional annual savings through the remainder of the lease term.
Industry Type
Technology
Case Study Synopsis™ (15139)Seattle, Washington, United States
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$2,988,127
$21.24
Landlord TypeEntrepreneurial
Property Manager Type
Regional Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q3 2005
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope Global Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annua/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 68.25%
Audit Timeline™ 21 days
Audit Timespan™ 18 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (15139)Seattle, Washington, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (15139)Seattle, Washington, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Capital Expenditures (Removal)1
$1,905,875
Capital Expenditures (Amortization)1
$1,082,252
63.78%
36.22%
(1) The outlined audit savings does not reflect the amounts related to subsequent periods based on audit corrections to systemic accounting policies. If such savings were also included within the representation for this Case Study Synopsis™, the audit savings would be $9,412,600.
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New York New York
Our team determined through the course of the audit that the landlord was charging through all costs associated with Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) compliance even though the lease directly excluded costs of alterations and improvements made to cure violations of laws and requirements of public authorities where violations existed prior to the commencement date. It was also noted that the management fee calculation structure being implemented was flawed.
The annual increase in the management fee was supposed to be determined by applying the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”) from the same period the previous year. However, the landlord was calculating the annual index difference and using that static number as the percentage rather than calculating the percentage increase accurately. This error was artificially accelerating the increase rate for the management fee expense category. The audit also revealed that the landlord was including in building expenses all costs associated with corporate overhead including, but not limited to promotional fees, charitable contributions, meals and entertainment. Furthermore, the landlord was involved with the redevelopment of a public park project (not related to building) and was categorizing all design, architectural and planning fees as operating costs of the subject building.
Industry Type
Financial Services
Case Study Synopsis™ (457)New York, New York, United States
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Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$2,052,642
$6.13
Landlord TypeInvestment Trust
Property Manager Type
National Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q1 1998
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 80.29%%
Audit Timeline™ 68 days
Audit Timespan™ 50 days
Repair and Maintenance (Code (ADA))
$1,139,482
Management Fees (Calculation Method (Inconsistency))
$472,964
Professional Fees (Accounting Method (Pro-Rata))
$77,649
55.51%
23.04%
3.78%
Corporate Overhead (Exclusion Compliance)
$362,547
17.66%
Case Study Synopsis™ (457)New York, New York, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (457)New York, New York, United States
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Denver Colorado
RRG’s audit covered four (4) operating years and an ownership entity who had failed to reconcile the building costs for two (2) years.
Following the fieldwork visit and interviews with the property manager and asset manager, it was determined that the landlord was passing through all costs associated with its corporate operation. RRG supported that the landlord had improperly included various administrative expenses such as corporate travel for executives, leasing expenses and tenant parties in the operating expenses for the building. Furthermore, RRG’s review of the general ledgers and invoice support confirmed that the client was not credited the entire amount of operating expense and real estate tax estimates it had paid for the most recent two (2) year period. The landlord had not applied the last four (4) months from the prior year and the first four (4) months from the current year even though the general ledgers reflected the payments were made and classified correctly. It was confirmed and agreed by the landlord that the estimates payments had not transitioned to and were not reflected accurately on the reconciliation statements that were generated and issued.
Following the completion of discussions with the tax assessor and other taxing authority representatives, RRG was able to confirm the date the tax refunds were released to the landlord. The dates provided did not correlate to any of the documentation reviewed over the course of the audit. During the negotiation the landlord confirmed that they had indeed received the tax refunds during the periods outlined by the taxing authority, but had failed to apply the appropriate credits to the subject building. Additionally, the lease also limited any tax consulting fees paid by the landlord by applying a cap to such costs. The audit confirmed that no cap had ever been applied to these charges which were adjusted through the audit as well.
Industry Type
Energy
Case Study Synopsis™ (11479)Denver, Colorado, United States
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$1,774,385
$10.93
Landlord TypeRegional
Corporation
Property Manager Type
IndividualSelf-Managed
No
CampaignCommencement
Q4 2008
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope Global Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 97.40%
Audit Timeline™ 168 days
Audit Timespan™ 112 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (11479)Denver, Colorado, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (11479)Denver, Colorado, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Tax Consulting Fees (Cap (No Application)) $319,454
Accounting Method (Estimate Payments) $405,989
Corporate Overhead (Exclusion Compli-
ance) $48,167
Real Estate Tax (Refund) $962,930
Tenant Events (Exclusion Compliance)
$37,845
18.00%
22.88%
2.71%
54.27%
2.13%
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Bangalore India
RRG’s audit covered three (3) operating years.
It was noted during initial stages of the review that the business park, in which the client’s buildings were located, had been accorded a status to operate as a Special Economic Zone (“SEZ”). Under the SEZ Act of 2005 and rules of 2006, and service tax regulations, qualified SEZ developers received numerous incentives, including service tax exemptions. Following a review of information provided during the audit, it was confirmed that service taxes, contrary to the requirements of the act, had been included in the charges to and payments made by the client. We worked with all parties to model the correct payment amounts based on the appropriate expense obligations. The landlord noted they were unaware this was occurring and agreed to immediately post the credits in accordance with the audit to be offset against the client’s upcoming rents due.
Industry Type
Telecommunications
Case Study Synopsis™ (5169)Bangalore, India
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$470,536
$3.70
Landlord TypeEntrepreneurial
Property Manager Type
Regional Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q2 2000
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope Global
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 95.83%
Audit Timeline™ 49 days
Audit Timespan™ 47 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (5169)Bangalore, India
Case Study Synopsis™ (5169)Bangalore, India
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Real Estate Tax (Zoning Compliance)
$137,898
Real Estate Tax (Exclusion Compliance)
$86,416
Real Estate Tax (Offset Method (No Application)
$246,222
29.31% 18.37%
52.33%
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Nashville Tennessee
RRG’s audit encompassed four (4) years and two (2) ownership entities.
Following the review of the base year expenses provided by the current landlord, RRG noted that the methodology used in establishing the base year was not in compliance with the lease. The current landlord had provided a “re-stated” base year that had been constructed following the purchase of the building which misstated the actual value of numerous base year operating components. Additionally, the current landlord had attempted to change the proper base year “gross-up” calculations and apply a methodology that used incorrect occupancy statistics thus understating all accounts where a “gross-up” applied. RRG corrected the “re-stated” base year to properly reflect the actual figures as previously established by the previous ownership and then performed the appropriate “gross-up” calculations utilizing the correct occupancy rates for the base year. Each of these audit corrections would be applied across the remaining accounting periods within the term.
Following RRG’s cap analysis, it was confirmed that the landlord had not appropriately applied the cap on controllable expenses as outlined in the lease. The designation of “controllable” and “non-controllable” expenses utilized by the landlord was incorrect, and as such, the protection provided by the cap was understated. RRG modeled the cap in accordance with the lease and applied it properly resulting in a further reduction in client liability. RRG also confirmed during the audit that the landlord had been passing through marketing expenses related not only to the subject building, but also five (5) other buildings that it owned.
Industry Type
Telecommunications
Case Study Synopsis™ (6004) Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$1,670,952
$6.86
Landlord TypeNational
Corporation
Property Manager Type
Local Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q4 2007
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 99.60%
Audit Timeline™ 87 days
Audit Timespan™ 73 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (6004)Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (6004)Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Base Year (Understatment)1
$647,250 Base Year (Gross-Up Method (Incorrect Application))
$418,221
38.74% 25.03%
Marketing Fees (Exclusion Compliance)
$107,156
6.41%
Cap (Incorrect Application)1
$498,325
29.82%
(1) The outlined audit savings does not reflect the amounts related to subsequent periods based on audit corrections to systemic accounting policies. If such savings were also included within the representation for this Case Study Synopsis™, the audit savings would be $5,313,881.
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Madrid Spain
RRG’s audit covered seven (7) years and two (2) ownership entities.
Upon commencing the audit, RRG was informed that the audit would not be allowed as the client had already performed an audit internally and no adjustments were made. RRG was aware the client had an internal desktop review program in place for most of the decade long period it had been representing them and upon review of the file history and consultation with the client, RRG did not see any reason as to why a formal audit would not be permitted. RRG was able to work with the landlord and outline why it should be provided access to perform the review and the audit should be allowed to advance. Ultimately, the landlord, citing its professional, global history with RRG, concurred with the performance of the formal audit.
Following RRG’s review of the lease and other supporting documents associated with the operating expenses for the building, it was noted that several expenses, including insurance and certain capital expenditures which appeared excludable were actually included. In addition, RRG confirmed that a cap limitation on all operating expenses had not been applied. RRG requested an adjustment of the relevant items, including an application of the cap. Each of the adjustments was applied and the new cap method was agreed to by the landlord. Further, an amendment was drafted to ensure the correct application of the cap during each subsequent accounting period throughout the remainder of the lease term.
Upon submission of the audit report, the landlord initially disagreed with the interpretation of the cap and the basis for the cap. In addition, the landlord also challenged the right to audit all of the years included in the report and attempted to limit the scope citing case law related to statute of limitations. RRG’s audit team provided counter positions and was able to develop a case for the inclusion of all the operating years to which the landlord ultimately agreed. Following audit discussions with the landlord, and in consultation with client, RRG secured a settlement of the full amount requested in the initial audit report.
Industry Type
Technology
Case Study Synopsis™ (4993)Madrid, Spain
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$2,949,090
$11.33
Landlord TypeRegional
Corporation
Property Manager Type
Regional Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q1 2005
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 100.00%
Audit Timeline™ 145 days
Audit Timespan™ 129 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (4993)Madrid, Spain
Case Study Synopsis™ (4993)Madrid, Spain
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Capital Expenditures (Removal)
$819,588 Capital Expenditures (Amortization)
$383,343
27.79% 13.00%
Terrorism Insurance (Accounting (Pro-Rata))
$684,215
23.20%
Cap (All Expenses (Cummulative))1 $1,061,874
36.01%
(1) The outlined audit savings does not reflect the amounts related to subsequent periods based on audit corrections to systemic accounting policies. If such savings were also included within the representation for this Case Study Synopsis™, the audit savings would be $4,860,393.
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Houston Texas
Our team’s audit review was conducted across multiple operating years and was based on the various, legacy lease agreements with staggered commencement dates.
There were several buildings included in the audit along with a hotel property and numerous garage properties. The audit identified a number of major accounting issues that directly impacted the economics of the project and the resulting savings. We found that the cost allocation methodology being used by the landlord to assign expenses to different properties within project was incorrect. The team reallocated the costs of shared services accurately across the applicable properties and the ownership structures. We also noted and adjusted several expenses that qualified (for various reasons) as capital expenditures according to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), but were being booked as building expenses. Further, the landlord was misinterpreting and thus misapplying the cap framework defined in the leases. After analyzing the data, our team derived the proper “cap” application method taking into consideration the appropriate periods and expense categories covered. The proper application of the “cap” resulted in a drastic decrease in the expense exposure not only in the subject years, but also throughout the lease term.
Industry Type
Energy
Case Study Synopsis™ (14523)Houston, Texas, United States
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$2,658,962
$5.87
Landlord TypeInvestment Trust
Property Manager Type
Investment TrustSelf-Managed
Yes
CampaignCommencement
Q3 2004
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope Global Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 99.80%
Audit Timeline™ 86 days
Audit Timespan™ 61 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (14523)Houston, Texas, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (14523) Houston, Texas, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Capital Expenditures (Removal)
$990,816
Cap (Calculation Method (General Compliance))1
$587,910
Calculation Method (Incorrect Allocation)1
$1,080,236
37.26% 22.11%
40.63%
(1) The outlined audit savings does not reflect the amounts related to subsequent periods based on audit corrections to systemic accounting policies. If such savings were also included within the representation for this Case Study Synopsis™, the audit savings would be $7,830,215.
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Atlanta Georgia
RRG’s audit covered four (4) years and two (2) property management organizations.
Upon review of the information initially obtained, it was noted that utilities were far in excess of what was expected for a building of this size, class and age within the subject region based on RRG’s internal benchmarks and utility standards. Following the performance of the fieldwork, it was confirmed that the ownership had improperly booked the common area utility costs into two (2) separate expense pools which resulted in a duplication of utility expenses passed through to the client. RRG modeled the proper expense pools and worked with the landlord in order to accurately revise the reconciliation statements that had been prepared, released and paid by the client.
An issue was also noted with the management fee being charged. The lease had called for a “step-down” model whereby the property management fee remained static at five percent (5.00%) for lease years one (1) through three (3) and then decreased to three percent (3.00%) for the remainder of the lease. The landlord had failed to reduce the management fee percentage and had been passing through the expense modeled using the higher rate for the four (4) years under review. It was agreed as a condition of the audit resolution that the landlord would only apply the reduced management fee percentage for the remainder of the lease.
Industry Type
Banking
Case Study Synopsis™ (8157)Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$982,667
$12.83
Landlord TypeNational
Corporation
Property Manager Type
National Corporation
Self-Managed Yes
CampaignCommencement
Q2 2005
Representation Type
Non-Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 88.67%
Audit Timeline™ 85 days
Audit Timespan™ 41 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (8157)Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (8157)Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Electricity (Accounting Method (Charges))
$446,906
Water (Accounting Method (Charges))
$20,678
Gas (Accounting Method (Charges))
$61,964
Management Fees (Contract Compliance)1
$434,662
Steam (Accounting Method (Charges))
$18,457
45.48%
2.10%
6.31%
44.23%
1.88%
(1) The outlined audit savings does not reflect the amounts related to subsequent periods based on audit corrections to systemic accounting policies. If such savings were also included within the representation for this Case Study Synopsis™, the audit savings would be $2,895,180.
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Carmel Indiana
Upon the commencement of the audit, RRG determined that an allowance granted through the lease had not been applied appropriately by the landlord. The clause had a provision whereby any unused amount converted to base rent credit available immediately up to a capped amount which was to be applied proactively by the landlord. The trigger date on this concession was three (3) years prior. Any balance above the cap amount was to be applied using a pre-set model to reduce the monthly base rent on a pro-rata basis through the remaining term of the lease. The landlord initially noted that the cost of building out the space far exceeded the allowance that was provided and that it would be generating a final invoice for submission to the client. RRG performed an audit of the entire construction project including all contracts, construction documents, AIA documents, drawings, project invoices and relevant supporting documentation. RRG matched all subcontractors’ cost schedules against the American Institute of Architects (“AIA”) documents and cross referenced the landlord’s payment records against the actual invoiced amounts. RRG verified that there wasn’t an overage, but rather a material surplus available. Subsequently, we modeled the amounts, ensured the proper application of the initial, immediate credit and provided an accurate base rent reduction schedule to resolve the open matter.
RRG also removed through the audit a roof replacement project that had been classified as a routine, recurring expense instead of a capital expenditure. It was further noted by the landlord that it has attempted this classification as the lease only allowed capital expenditures that decreased the operating cost of the building and then only up to the quantifiable savings amount.
Industry Type
Government
Case Study Synopsis™ (12416)Carmel, Indiana, United States
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Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$495,272
$27.11
Landlord TypeLocal Corporation
Property Manager TypeEntrepreneurial
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q3 2009
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope State Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 94.17%
Audit Timeline™ 128 days
Audit Timespan™ 107 days
Buildout Allowance (Cost Determination)
$274,034
Capital Expenditures (Removal)
$221,238
55.33%
44.67%
Case Study Synopsis™ (12416)Carmel, Indiana, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (12416)Carmel, Indiana, United States
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Newport NewsVirginia
RRG’s audit covered five (5) operating years and two (2) property management organizations.
Upon review of the initial set of audit information, RRG noted that landlord was charging the client an arbitrary, square footage-based rate for utilities rather than actual costs incurred. The landlord’s interpretation of the lease was that electricity could not be included in operating expenses and must be billed to the client separately. However, this only applied in the event the landlord had installed a metering device. Following RRG’s fieldwork and survey of the building, there were no metering devices installed to monitor the utility usage. RRG corrected all utility billings based on actual costs incurred and modeled the appropriate calculations based on building level usage.
The lease also required that if the building was not one hundred percent (100.00%) occupied during any calendar year, including the base year, then the variable cost components should have been equitably adjusted to amounts which would have been paid had the building been at full occupancy. It was confirmed through the audit that this had not occurred even though the building had not achieved full occupancy during the base year. Upon further correspondence with the landlord, it was agreed that base year would be appropriately adjusted to reflect the proper category amounts and each subsequent year liability would be reduced following the application of the corrected base year thus generating a material savings across all operating years audited, throughout the remainder of the lease and any extension term.
It was also confirmed through the audit that the management fees passed through to the client were in excess of the actual management fee incurred. RRG not only reduced the management fee rate from three percent (3.00%) to one percent (1.00%), but also was able to remove garage operating income received from the management fee model.
Industry Type
Aerospace
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Case Study Synopsis™ (21133)Newport News, Virginia, United States
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$2,140,567
$19.69
Landlord TypeInvestment Trust
Property Manager Type
National Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q1 2004
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope North American
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 93.74%
Audit Timeline™ 101 days
Audit Timespan™ 68 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (21133)Newport News, Virginia, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (21133)Newport News, Virginia, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Base Year (Understatement)1
$788,055Electricity (Overstatement (Actual Cost))
$425,791
36.82% 19.89%
Base Year (Gross-Up Method (No Application))1
$301,865
14.10%
Management Fee (Contract Compliance)1
$624,856
29.19%
(1) The outlined audit savings does not reflect the amounts related to subsequent periods based on audit corrections to systemic accounting policies. If such savings were also included within the representation for this Case Study Synopsis™, the audit savings would be $9,514,104.
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Minneapolis Minnesota
RRG audit covered eight (8) operating years.
The location was a pad site banking center within a retail power center project. The client was only responsible for its share of a limited pool of shopping center operating costs. RRG determined through the course of the audit that while the lease prescribed share was fifteen percent (15.00%), the landlord had been consistently using an arbitrary forty-four percent (44.00%). It was determined that the landlord adopted the share utilized by the previous landlord following its purchase of the project nine (9) years prior. Further, the limited pool expense basis had been greatly broadened by the landlord in determining the cost pass through charges to the client. While the real estate taxes attributable to the pad site were directly billed to and paid by the client, the landlord was also including a tax component associated with the remainder of the project in the client’s liability. The landlord not only agreed to adjust the pro-rata share and expense pool determination for all subject years, but also the real estate tax pass through methodology that had been implemented since the commencement of the lease thus producing additional savings through the lease term.
Industry Type
Banking
Case Study Synopsis™ (9751)Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$408,783
$64.76
Landlord TypeRegional
Corporation
Property Manager Type
Regional Corporation
Self-Managed Yes
CampaignCommencement
Q2 2009
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope United States
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 100.00%
Audit Timeline™ 72 days
Audit Timespan™ 72 days
Case Study Synopsis™ (9751) Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (9751)Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™
Real Estate Tax (Zoning Compliance)
$98,230
Calculation Method (No Allocation) 1 $93,331
Pro-Rata Share (Incorrect Application (Legacy))1
$217,222
24.03% 22.83%
53.14%
(1) The outlined audit savings does not reflect the amounts related to subsequent periods based on audit corrections to systemic accounting policies. If such savings were also included within the representation for this Case Study Synopsis™, the audit savings would be $2,334,212.
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Dallas Texas
RRG’s audit covered five (5) operating years.
RRG initially adjusted all charges related to an asbestos removal project that had taken place over a two (2) year period which had been classified as repair and maintenance costs within the general ledgers. Following the breakdown of the management fee expenses, it was also determined that the landlord had been including various ancillary revenue streams in the gross income calculations. RRG identified and removed non-qualifying income related to antenna rent, parking revenue and ground rent in order to adjust the management fee to the appropriate level required by the lease.
The audit also confirmed that the landlord was passing through the amortization expenses for elevator upgrades, cooling tower replacement, access system installation, garage lighting retrofit and security system upgrade although the lease excluded all costs associated with capital repairs, replacements and/or improvements. As for insurance, following consultation with the property insurer, RRG detailed that there was a discrepancy in the total property insurance charged as well as the allocation between prepaid insurance and insurance expense. Both accounts were reconciled in accordance with the invoice amounts paid and actual periods covered by the policies.
It was also determined that the landlord had initiated a process of applying a gross-up model to administrative salaries four (4) years prior. This method was reversed by RRG as such salaries were not costs that varied with occupancy and each associated year was adjusted. The adoption by the landlord of all the audit adjustments ensured material cost savings throughout the remainder of the lease term and any subsequent renewal term.
Industry Type
Energy
Case Study Synopsis™ (12118)Dallas, Texas, United States
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Savings Segmentation by Micro-Savings Type™Audit Summary
Audit Savings
Audit Savings / Square Foot
$3,985,411
$16.21
Landlord TypePrivate Equity
Fund
Property Manager Type
National Corporation
Self-Managed No
CampaignCommencement
Q4 2003
Representation Type
Exclusive Service Provider
Campaign Scope United States
Portfolio
Audit Cycles Annual/Recurring
Audit Accuracy™ 91.26%
Audit Timeline™ 116 days
Audit Timespan™ 102 days
Repair and Maintenance(Asbestos Removal)
$661,856
Management Fees (Non-Qualifying Revenue)1
$784,513
Capital Expenditures (Removal)1
$1,711,879
Administrative Salaries (Gross-Up (Incorrect Application))1
$347,839
Building Insurance (Overstatement (Actual))
$479,324
16.61%
19.68%
42.95%
8.73%
12.03%
Case Study Synopsis™ (12118)Dallas, Texas, United States
Case Study Synopsis™ (12118)Dallas, Texas, United States
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(1) The outlined audit savings does not reflect the amounts related to subsequent periods based on audit corrections to systemic accounting policies. If such savings were also included within the representation for this Case Study Synopsis™, the audit savings would be $6,169,861.
Case Study Synopses™
RRG was founded to transform the way the world’s greatest organizations capture, process, understand and evaluate the post transactional costs associated with their real estate portfolios.
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We unlock portfolios through a calibrated combination of proprietary processes and technology. Our unrivaled experience includes access to valuable scenarios, trends, strategies, data, analytics, tech-niques and outcomes that enable us to craft compelling, dynamic solutions ensuring success is achieved regardless of requirement complexity and intricacy.
RRG constantly invests in the creation of the most “forward thinking,” effective solutions placing a substantial premium on innovation in order to best serve the sophisticated and complex needs of our diverse client base.
Case Study Synopses™Case Study Synopses™
Our vision is to empower organizations through insight, knowledge and data to revolutionize real estate compliance and governance.
Specialization has driven our ability to continually calibrate our solutions to address the unique objectives of our diverse private and public sector client base.
We continue to believe in the marriage of data, cost control and compliance as the gateway to portfolio optimization.
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Case Study Synopses™
Sound strategies power the most successful organizations in the world. When it comes to cost control, what’s your strategy?
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