Audio visual

translation today and its

evolution

Forms of audio-visual translation

- Subtitling - Dubbing - Voice over - Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, SDH or closed captioning

- Audiodescription - Localization: translation for video games

- Tools: Word and Excel -  Issues: lack of information -  Confidentiality (at office) -  Clients: jargon, forbidden

vocabulary -  Texts: dubbing, subtitling,

descriptions, forums, instructions, bugs

Dubbing vs. Subtitling

Alfred Hitchcock said that a film "loses 15% of its impact when it is subtitled and 10% when it's well dubbed."

•  Dark blue is dubbing for children only, otherwise subtitling. Purple is dubbing in all cases except non-children's films. Red is all dubbing.

Dubbing and voice over

- Voice over involves no lip-synching and a lot of imagination

- Voice over used most in Reality TV and documentary

- (Tools: Word, Excel)

Different meaning in audio-visual translation

Detection for Dubbing

-  Tools: Dubbing software (in France Mosaic, Synchronos, Capella)

Subtitles - Tools; subtitling software (in France, Easysub, Ayato, ST500…) - Miyu and Subtitle Workshop - Universal subtitles - YouTube tools - Fan subbing

-> changing market

Globalization

• Authors can work from anywhere (although better if close to studios)

• Cheaper rates • Software (for closed captioning especially) • Detection no longer paid • Mulitlingual translation

Production Today

The Big Six:

- Fox Filmed Entertainment (21st Century Fox) - Sony Pictures [Columbia, MGM, UA] (Sony)

- Warner Bros. Entertainment (Time Warner) - Paramount Motion Pictures Group (Viacom)

- The Walt Disney Studios [Pixar, Miramax] (The W.D. Company)

- NBCUniversal (Comcast)

-> Big conglomerates involved in diverse media (horizontal integration), and covering production to distribution to exhibition (vertical integration) -> Rationalization, standardization, and control

-> A lot of foreign investments, opening new markets

Globalization of Production

STUDIOS: New Line Cinema, ie Warner Bros United States

DIRECTOR: Peter Jackson New Zealand

NATIONALITY/FINANCING: USA, New Zealand, Germany

ACTORS: - Sean Astin, Liv Tyler American

- Sean Bean, Orlando Blum British

- Cate Blanchett Australian

FILMING LOCATION: New Zealand

SPECIAL EFFECTS: - Weta Workshops New Zealand

- Hybrid Enterprise Great Britain

- Rising Sun Pictures Australia

- Tweak Films United States

MUSIC - recorded at Abbey Road Studios in GB, - performed by GB orchestra,

- composed by Canadian Howard Shore, - POST PROD at Dolby Labs, USA

DIGITAL COLOR-GRADING, Optix Digital Pictures Germany

Independent Productions also International

The Limits of Control (Jim Jarmush, 2009), shot in Spain, with actors from Ivory Coast, France, Spain, Japan, the US, Mexico, Palestine, etc. Mostly Spanish crew. Post-production in Great-Britain and the US

David Hancock says: “You have Chinese actors coming to American films, you have Korean, Australian actors being slotted into a role for a film. That’s largely because these markets are important.”

How the global box office is changing Hollywood As global cinema audiences grow, their appetite for US movies is having a profound effect on the way that Hollywood films are being made, reports Tom Brook. 21 October 2014

Consequences on Production: Movies made for the World

1. A recognizable Hollywood style - Stars - Action adventure

- Special Effects - New Technology

2. Including foreign elements - Actors famous in their countries - Foreign places

- Foreign directors

shot in Japan, with American actors and a mixed crew, speaks four languages (mostly Japanese and American but also French and German), co-produced by Focus Features and Tohokashinsha Film Company Ltd., distributed by 18 companies in theatres and on DVD

Lost in Translation (Sophia Coppola, 2003)

7:10

Ratatouille (2007)

16:50 rising to the top, 1:00:00 Rats, and then Beginning

Inglourious Basterds (2009)

EN 6:30 FR 6:00 113:30

-> 1:13:43 Jean Reno in Godzilla (1998)

Consequences on Film Content

-> 68:50 Vincent Cassel in Ocean’s Twelve (2004)