AUC Technologies Projects Consulting, Development, Mentoring, and Training Company.NET Basic...

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.NET Basic Fundamentals

Presented By :

Muhammad Atif HussainDeputy Manager IT (Takaful Pakistan Limited)Technologies Consultant (AUC Technologies)

MCS(KU)MSCS(SZABIST)MCPMCADMCSDMCTS (Windows, Web, Distributed Applications)MCPD (Enterprise Applications)MCT(Microsoft Certified Trainer)



• Overview of .NET Languages• DataTypes• Primitive Data Types• Type Casting• Arrays• Multidimensional Arrays• Basic Access Modifiers• Abstract Data Types• Variables• Properties/Attributes• Functions/Methods/Procedures• OverLoading

Agenda•Constructors•Inheritance•Constructor Chaining•Conditional Statememt•Loops•Namespaces•Struct•Enumerators•Delegates•Events



• .NET languages provided by Microsoft– C++– Visual Basic– C#– J#– F# (2010)

• Over 30 .NET-compatible languages– Most are provided by 3rd parties

.NET Languages



• Ada• APL• Basic (Visual Basic)• C#• C• C++• Java Language• COBOL• Component Pascal

(Queensland Univ of Tech)• ECMAScript (JScript)• Eiffel (Monash University)• Haskell

(Utrecht University)

• lcc (MS Research Redmond)

• Mondrian (Utrecht)• ML

(MS Research Cambridge)• Mercury

(Melbourne U.) • Oberon

(Zurich University)• Oz (Univ of Saarlandes)• Perl• Python• Scheme

(Northwestern U.)• SmallTalk

3rd Party Language Compiler List



TypeType SizeSizeboolbool 11sbytesbyte 11bytebyte 11shortshort 22ushortushort 22intint 44uintuint 44

TypeType SizeSizelonglong 88ulongulong 88charchar 22floatfloat 44doubledouble 88decimaldecimal 1616stringstring 20+20+

Primitive types



• All Primitive types are objects• Primitive Types are FCL Types

– Aliases the primitives– Example: Int32 == int (C#)– Example: Int32 == Integer

Primitive types



Primitive typesC#C# VBVB SizeSize MinimumMinimum MaximumMaximum

sbytesbyte SbyteSbyte 11 -127-127 128128

bytebyte ByteByte 11 00 255255

shortshort ShortShort 22 -32768-32768 3276732767

ushortushort UShortUShort 22 00 6553565535

intint IntegerInteger 44 -2147483648-2147483648 21474836472147483647

uintuint UIntegerUInteger 44 00 42949672954294967295

longlong LongLong 88 -9223372036854775808-9223372036854775808 92233720368547758079223372036854775807

ulongulong ULongULong 88 00 1844674407370955161518446744073709551615

doubledouble DoubleDouble 88 -1.79769313486232E+308-1.79769313486232E+308 1.79769313486232E+3081.79769313486232E+308

decimaldecimal DecimalDecimal 1616 -79228162514264337593543950335-79228162514264337593543950335 7922816251426433759354395033579228162514264337593543950335



• Move data of one data type to another

Type Casting

LongLong

IntegerInteger

ShortShort

ByteByte



• No loss of data

Byte b = 1Short s = bInteger i = sLong l = i

Implicit Type Casting

byte b = 1;short s = b;int i = s;long l = I;



• Possible loss of precision

Explicit Type Casting

Short s = 256Byte b = s

short s = 256;byte b = s;



• Collection of similar type of Object

• Arrays are objects too!– ages.Length– ages.Clone()

Arrays

int[] x = new int[10];int[] x = { 5, 8, 39 };

Dim x(10) As IntegerDim x() As Integer = {5, 8, 39}



Rectangular

Jagged

Multidimensional Arrays

int[,] x = new int[ 8, 8 ];Dim x(10, 10) As Integer

int[][] x= new int[2][];x[0] = new int[ 4 ];x[1] = new int[ 3 ];

Dim x(,) As Integerx(0, 0) = 1x(1, 0) = 2x(1, 1) = 3



• User define data type

Abstract Data Type

Public Class Student

End Class

public class Student{}



Basic Access Modifiers

FormForm MeaningMeaningpublic public Access not limited. Access not limited. private private Access limited to the containing type. Access limited to the containing type.



• Variables• Properties• Functions (Methods/Procedure/Sub Routine)• Constructors

Basic Members of Abstract Data Type



• Specific type

• Hold data temporarily for reuse

• Instance Variable / Local Variable

Variables

Short s = 256Byte b = 100

short s = 256;byte b = 100;



• Get and Set

• Guard instance variables

• Read Only, Write Only and Both

Properties

Public Property Age() As Integer Get Return _age End Get Set(ByVal value As Integer) _age = value End Set End Property

class Person { private int _age; public int Age { get { return _age; } set { _age = value; } }}



• Set of Instructions• Function must return a value

• Function don’t return a value

Functions

Public Function Add(ByVal i As Integer, ByVal j As Integer) As Long Return i + jEnd Function

public long Add(int i, int j) { return i + j;}

Public Sub Print() Console.WriteLine("Name")End Sub

public void Print() { Console.WriteLine("Name"); }



• Number of Argument / Parameter

• Type of Argument / Parameter

• Arrangement of Argument / Parameter

Functions Signature



• Same name of functions with different Signatures

Functions Overloading

Public Function Add(ByVal i As Integer, ByVal j As Integer) As Long Return i + jEnd Function Public Function Add(ByVal i As Integer, ByVal j As Integer, ByVal k As Integer) As Long Return i + j + kEnd Function

public long Add(int i, int j) { return i + j; }

public long Add(int i, int j, int k) { return i + j + k; }



• Special type of functions• Called once in the life of instance• Initiate the instance of class in memory• Initialize instance variable with their default values

Constructors

Public Class Person Sub New() End SubEnd Class

class MyClass

{

public MyClass() { }

}



• Same name of Constructor with different Signatures

Constructor Overloading

Public Function Add(ByVal i As Integer, ByVal j As Integer) As Long Return i + jEnd Function Public Function Add(ByVal i As Integer, ByVal j As Integer, ByVal k As Integer) As Long Return i + j + kEnd Function

public long Add(int i, int j) { return i + j; }

public long Add(int i, int j, int k) { return i + j + k; }



• Classes can extend / inherit one class at a time

Inheritance

ManMan WomanWoman

HumanHuman



• Generalize common functionalities to base class

Generalization

Public Class HumanPublic Function Eat()End Function

End Class

Public Class ManInherits Human

End Class

Public Class WomanInherits Human

End Class

public class Human {

public void Eat(){}

}

public class Man : Human { }

public class Woman : Human { }



• Specialized specific functionalities to child class

Specialization

Public Class HumanEnd ClassPublic Class Man

Inherits HumanPublic Function Work()End Function

End Class

Public Class WomanInherits HumanPublic Function Talk()End Function

End Class

public class Human {}

public class Man : Human {public void Work(){}

}

public class Woman : Human { public void Talk(){}

}



• Extend base class functionalities in child class

Overriding (Virtual / Overridable)

Public Class Human Public Overridable Sub Sleep() End SubEnd Class

Public Class Woman Inherits Human Public Overrides Sub Sleep() End SubEnd Class

public class Human{ public virtual void Sleep() { }}public class Woman : Human { public overrides void Sleep() { }}



• Extend base class abstract functionalities in child class• Whole class will become abstract / MustInherit if contain any abstract / MustOverride function

Overriding (Abstract / MustOverride)

Public MustInherit Class Human Public MustOverride Sub Eat()End Class

Public Class Woman Inherits Human Public Overrides Sub Eat() End SubEnd Class

public abstract class Human{ public abstract void Eat();}public class Woman : Human { public overrides void Eat() { }}



• Shadowing base class functionalities in child class

Shadowing

Public Class Human Public Sub Walk() End SubEnd Class

Public Class Woman Inherits Human Public Shadows Sub Walk() End SubEnd Class

public class Human{ public void Walk();}public class Woman : Human { public new void Walk() { }}



• Lock more Inheritance

Sealed / NotInheritable Class

Public Class HumanEnd Class

Public NotInheritable Class Woman Inherits HumanEnd Class

public class Human{ public void Walk();}public sealed class Woman : Human { public new void Walk() { }}



• Every constructor calls its base class constructor first

• All types ultimately inherit from object

– Classes, enums, arrays, delegates, structs, …

Constructor Chaining

StreamStream

MemoryStreamMemoryStream FileStreamFileStream

HashTableHashTable doubledoubleintint

ObjectObject



Constructor Chaining (Cont..)

Public Class A Sub New Console.WriteLine(“A”) End SubEnd Class

Public Class B Inherits A Sub New Console.WriteLine(“B”) End Sub End Class

public class A{ public A() { Console.WriteLine(“A”); }}public class B:A{ public B() { Console.WriteLine(“B”); } }



• Set of rules• Can implements multiple interfaces in single class

Interfaces

HumanHuman

ManMan WomanWoman

PlantPlant AnimalAnimal

Living ThingLiving Thing Non Living ThingNon Living Thing

lilylily RoseRose LionLion TigerTiger

InterfacesInterfaces

Abstract Classes

Abstract Classes

SealedClasses

SealedClasses



if(x == y){ // X is equal to Y}else{//X is not equal to Y}

switch(x){case 2: //x equals 2 break;default: //x does not equal 2 break;}

Conditional Statements

If x == y Then ‘ X is equal to YElse ‘X is not equal to YEnd If

Select Case x Case 2 ‘x is equal to 2 Case Else ‘x is not equal to 2 End Select



x = 0;do{ Console.WriteLine(x); }while(x < 0);

for(x = 0;x<100;x++) Console.Write(x);

Loops

x = 0;while(x != 10){ Console.WriteLine(x); x++;}

x = 0While x >= 10 Console.WriteLine(x) x++;End While

x = 0Do Console.WriteLine(x) Loop While x < 0

For x = 0 To 100 Console.WriteLine(x)Next



Loops

int[] x = new int[] { 10, 20, 30, 40 };

foreach (int i in x){ Console.WriteLine(i);}

Dim x() As Integer = {10, 20, 30, 40}

For Each i As Integer In x Console.WriteLine(i)Next

• foreach loop• Iterates over arrays or any class that implements the IEnumerable

interface



Questions

?

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