AU733v01

3.3

Welcome to:

Copyright IBM Corporation 2005Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.

Unit 1 Introduction to Partitioning

Copyright IBM Corporation 2005

Unit Objectives

After completing this unit, you should be able to: Describe the following terms:

Partition, logical partition (LPAR), resource Describe the benefits of partitioning Describe the following partition concepts:

Dynamic logical partitioning Micro-Partitioning Virtual I/O Capacity on Demand (CoD)

Describe the functions of the Hardware Management Console (HMC)

Describe the functions performed by the POWER Hypervisor

Describe the overall process for configuring partitions List references for IBM Sserver p5 partitioning


What is a Partition? Partition

Allocation of one systems resources to create logically separate systems

Each partition is an independent operating environment

From One to Many


Physical Partition (PPAR) Physical partition

Resources are allocated in physical building blocksBlocks contain groups of processors, memory, I/O slots

CPU, Memory, and I/O

Physical Partition

Operating System OperatingSystem

CPU, Memory, and I/O

CPU,Memory, and I/O

Physical Partition

Interconnect

SMP building block SMP building block SMP building block


Logical Partition (LPAR) A partition is the allocation of system resources to create logically separate systems within the same physical footprint

A logical partition is when the isolation is implemented with firmwareNot based on physical system building blockProvides configuration flexibility

AIX 5L Linux AIX 5L i5/OS

SYS1 1:00

Japan

SYS412:00

UK

SYS210:00USA

SYS3 11:00Brazil

ORDEMEP

ROG RESS O


Partition Characteristics Each partition has its own:

Operating systemLicensed Internal Code (LIC) / Open Firmware ConsoleResources And other things expected in a stand-alone operating

system environment:Problem logsData (libraries, objects, file systems)Performance characteristicsNetwork identityDate and time


Partition Resources Resources are allocated to partitions

Memory allocated in units as small as the LMB sizeDedicated whole processors or shared processing units Individual I/O slots

Including virtual devices

Some resources can be sharedVirtual devices

Some core system components are inherently shared

LinuxP P P P P

M M MAAAAAA

AIX 5L AIX 5LP P PM M

AAAA

P PM M

AAAA

A = AdapterM = MemoryP = Processor


Logical Partition Resource Example Flexibility to allocate resources depending on need

With DLPAR operations, resources can be moved, removed or added with a restarting the partition

Processors

Memory

I/O Slots

LPAR 1 LPAR 2 LPAR 3 LPAR 4


IBM Sserver p5 LPAR-capable Systems IBM Sserver p5 models LPAR-capable systems

p5-510 (9110-510)p5-520 (9111-520)p5-550 (9113-550)p5-570 (9117-570)p5-575 (9118-575)p5-590 (9119-590)p5-595 (9119-595)

IBM Sserver OpenPower LPAR-capable systems (Linux-only)OpenPower 710 (9123-710)OpenPower 720 (9124-720)


Benefits of Using Partitions Capacity management

Flexibility to allocate resources Consolidation

Consolidate hardware, floor space, software licenses, support contracts, in-house support/operations

Efficient use of resources Application isolation

Separate workloadsGuaranteed resourcesData integrity

Merge production and test environmentsTest on same hardware

The ability to have virtual Ethernet and virtual I/O devices is a benefit to using POWER5 processor-based partitions


Software Licensing Licensing is per operating system and is based on processing powerPartial processor and shared processor pool features affect

licensing

Third-party application provider licenses will vary

IBM Hardware

Operating Systems

Other Software


POWER Hypervisor Functions The POWER Hypervisor is firmware that provides:

Virtual memory managementControls page table and I/O accessManages real memory addresses versus offset memory addresses

Virtual console supportSecurity and isolation between partitions

Partitions are allowed access only to resources that are allocated to them (enforced by the POWER Hypervisor)

POWER Hypervisor

System Hardware(memory, processors, devices)

LPAR 1 LPAR 2 LPAR 3 LPAR 4

Security and Isolation Barriers


Hardware Management Console (HMC) The HMC provides:

Virtual console windowsLPAR configuration and operation managementCapacity on Demand (CoD) managementService tools

PC-based consoleRunning custom Linux and Java applicationRemotely accessibleConnects to Service Processor over private or open network

Desktop Rack-mount


HMC Interface

Navigation pane Content pane


The Big PictureN

o

n

-

V

o

l

a

t

i

l

e

R

A

M

HypervisorPartition 1

UnassignedResources

LPARAllocation Tables

HMCHMCAIX Linux

ServiceProcessorProcessors

MemoryI/O Slots

Partition 2

Managed SystemManaged System

Ethernet


Advanced Partition Features

Dynamic resource allocation Advanced processor concepts Virtual I/O Capacity on Demand


Dynamic Partitioning (DLPAR) DLPAR is the ability to add, remove, or move resources between partitions without restarting the partitions

ResourcesProcessors, memory, and I/O slotsAdd/remove virtual devices

Security and isolation between LPARs is not compromisedA partition sees its own resources plus other available

virtual resourcesResources are reset when moved

Applications may or may not be DLPAR-aware

DLPAR allows you to react to changing resource needs


How DLPAR Works

Partition A Partition B

HMC CommandHMC Command

Hypervisor

HMC1

2

3 3

4


Processor Concepts

LPAR LPAR LPAR

Deconfigured

Inactive (CoD)

Physical(Installed)

Virtual

Dedicated

Shared

Logical


Micro-Partitioning Time-sliced sub-processor allocations are dispatched according to demand and entitled capacity

Shared Processing Pool

Partition 1Partition 2Partition 3Partition 4Partition 5Partition 6Partition 7

P P P P

Physical Processors

10ms


Virtual I/O Each partition has virtual I/O slots

Configurable for each partition

Virtual slots can have a virtual adapter instanceEthernet or SCSI

Can be dynamically added or removed just like physical I/O slotsCannot be dynamically moved to another partition


Virtual I/O Example

Hypervisor

VirtualEthernet

VirtualSwitch

PhysicalEthernet

Layer 2Bridge

Virtual I/O ServerPartition

ClientPartition

SCSI RDMA Protocol

Device DMA Transfer

DMABuffer

Virtual Disk

Server Adapter

DeviceMapping

SCSI, SSA, FC Physical or Logical Disks

Logical Disk

ClientAdapter

VirtualEthernet

VirtualEthernet

PhysicalNetwork


Capacity on Demand (CoD) Capacity Upgrade on Demand (CUoD)

Permanent activation of processors or memory

Trial CoDNo charge 30-day activation of processors or memory

resources

On/Off CoDAbility to activate processor or memory resources

temporarily

Reserve CoDProcessors automatically added to

shared pool as neededPrepaid for certain number of days

Add Reserve Resources


Advanced POWER Virtualization Feature Ordered as an optional feature code for all but the largest systems This feature is standard on the p5-590 and 595

Included in this feature Firmware feature to enable Micro-PartitioningVirtual I/O Server software

Shared Ethernet AdapterVirtual SCSI

Partition Load Manager software

Operating systems which support this feature (as a client)AIX 5L for POWER V5.3SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 9Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS for POWER Version 3 and

Version 4


Partitioning Concepts Summary

Use this layout for all your drawing needs

PPPPPPPPPPPP

VirtualI/O Server

PPPPPPP P

Part#1 Part#3 Part#4Part#2

AAAAMMMM MMM MMM

i5/OSLinux

MMMMMAAAAAAAAAAA AAA

LAN

OS

OS

OS

OS

OS

MM MMM

Virtual I/O

AA

AIX 5L / Linux

Virtual LANAAA

M

AIX 5L AIX 5L

MMAA

PPPPPP

Part#5 Part#6 Part#7-11

Virtual Ethernet

AIX 5L

OS

OS

OS

OSAIX 5L

KernelLinux Kernel

AIX 5L Kernel

AIX 5L Kernel

AIX 5L Kernel

i5/OS Kernel

POWER Hypervisor

HMC


Configure and test service applications

Activate partitions and install operation systems

Create and configure partitions

Plan resources for partitions

Create plan for usage model and applications

LPAR Configuration Process

Create plan for usage model and applications

Plan resources for partitions

Create and configure partitions

Activate partitions and install operating systems

Configure and test service applications

1

2

3

4

5

6

Create and configure partitionsSet up HMC and managed system


Integrated Virtualization Manager (IVM) (1 of 2) Provides support for logical partitions without a physical HMC IVM software runs in Virtual I/O Server partition Virtual I/O Server partition owns all physical I/O

Client partitions can access virtual optical, disk, Ethernet, and console Configuration considerations

Maximum of two virtual Ethernet adapters per client partition Maximum of four virtual LANs per managed system Maximum of one virtual SCSI adapter per client partition DLPAR functionality only for VIOS partition Subset of HMC service tools One profile per partition

AIX 5LV5.3

LinuxSLES9

LinuxRHEL4

Virtual LAN

VIOSIVM

POWER Hypervisor


Integrated Virtualization Manager (IVM) (2 of 2)


Logical Partition References

Information Center documents Software and hardware http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/index.js

pSeries LPAR Web portal for white papers, education listing, services, and so forth http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/pseries/lpar/

Redbooks http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/

Technical Support Web sites http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/support/pseries/ http://techsupport.services.ibm.com/server/hmc/ http://techsupport.services.ibm.com/server/vios/

Linux Web site http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/pseries/linux/


Checkpoint (1 of 2)1. True or False: A partition is an independent operating environment.

2. A partition is a logical partition if which one of the following is true?a. Resource assignments are flexible.b. Resources can be moved between partitions without a restart.c. Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building blocks.

3. Which of the following are true for dynamic partition operations?a. All AIX 5L partitions on Sserver p5 systems are capable of

dynamic resource allocations.b. Virtual I/O devices can be dynamically added or removed but not

moved among partitions.c. Partitions do not need to be restarted to add, remove, or move

resources.d. Applications may or may not be DLPAR-aware.

4. List the three types of resources that are configured in partitions.


Checkpoint Solution (1 of 2)1. True or False: A partition is an independent operating environment.

True2. A partition is a logical partition if which one of the following is true?

a. Resource assignments are flexible.b. Resources can be moved between partitions without a restart.c. Partitioning is not dependent on physical system building blocks.

3. Which of the following are true for dynamic partition operations?a. All AIX 5L partitions on Sserver p5 systems are capable of

dynamic resource allocations.b. Virtual I/O devices can be dynamically added or removed but not

moved among partitions.c. Partitions do not need to be restarted to add, remove, or move

resources.d. Applications may or may not be DLPAR-aware.

4. List the three types of resources that are configured in partitions.Processors, Memory, I/O slots


Checkpoint (2 of 2)5. What system option provides the ability to order additional resources

that can be activated when you need them?

6. Which of the following are benefits of using partitions?a. Better management of resources across operating environmentsb. Isolate applications that were all running on one systemc. Better high availability solutiond. Manage operational costs by consolidating resources

7. What is the system component that performs the resource allocation to partitions?

8. What is the system component needed to configure partitions, configure CoD, and provide access to virtual consoles?

9. What is the term used for the concept of allocating sub-processors to partitions?


Checkpoint Solution (2 of 2)5. What system option provides the ability to order additional resources

that can be activated when you need them? Capacity on Demand (CoD)

6. Which of the following are benefits of using partitions?a. Better management of resources across operating environmentsb. Isolate applications that were all running on one systemc. Better high availability solutiond. Manage operational costs by consolidating resources

7. What is the system component that performs the resource allocation to partitions? POWER Hypervisor

8. What is the system component needed to configure partitions, configure CoD, and provide access to virtual consoles? HMC

9. What is the term used for the concept of allocating sub-processors to partitions? Micro-Partitioning


Exercise

Unit 1Exercise


Unit Summary

Logical partitions are independent operating environments Resources are processors, memory, and I/O slots

Dedicated processors and shared processing units Physical and virtual I/O

The POWER Hypervisor is firmware that provides the isolation between partitions, virtual console support, and virtual memory management

The HMC is used to manage partition configurations, consoles, and service tools

With dynamic logical partitioning, changes can be made to a partitions resource allocation without a restart

Virtual I/O Server software provides the ability to share SCSI devices and Ethernet adapters

The Advanced POWER Virtualization feature provides Virtual I/O Server, Partition Load Manager, and Micro-partitioning

AU733v01

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