Atty. Alicia Vidal vs COMELEC

8/18/2019 Atty. Alicia Vidal vs COMELEC

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EN BANC

G.R. No. 206666, January 21, 2015

ATTY. ALICIA RISOS-VIDAL, ETITIONER,

AL!REDO S. LI" ETITIONER-INTERVENOR, VS. CO""ISSION ON ELECTIONS

AND JOSE# EJERCITO ESTRADA, RESONDENTS.

D E C I S I O N

LEONARDO-DE CASTRO, J.:

B$%or$ &'$ Cour& ar$ (1) a $&*&*on %or Certiorari +$ un$rRu$ 6, *n r$a&*on &o Ru$ 65, /o&' o% &'$ R$*$ Ru$ o%Cour&, /y A&&y. A**a R*o-V*a (R*o-V*a), 3'*'

$$n&*ay 4ray %or &'$ *uan$ o% &'$ 3r*& o% certiorari annu*n an $&&*n a*$ &'$ A4r* 1, 201718 an A4r* 2,201728 R$ou&*on o% &'$ Co99**on on E$&*on(CO"ELEC), S$on D***on an En /an, r$4$&*$y, *nSA No. 1-211 (DC), $n&*&$ : Atty. Alicia Risos-Vidal v. Joseph Ejercito Estrada; %or 'a*n /$$n r$n$r$ 3*&'ra$ a/u$ o% *r$&*on a9oun&*n &o a< or $=$ o% >ur**&*on? an (2) a $&*&*on-*n-In&$r$n&*on78 +$ /y A%r$o S. L*9 (L*9), 3'$r$*n '$ 4ray &o /$ $ar$ &'$201 3*nn*n an*a&$ %or "ayor o% &'$ C*&y o% "an*a *n *$3 o% 4r*a&$ r$4on$n& %or9$r r$*$n& Jo$4' E>$r*&oE&raa@ (%or9$r r$*$n& E&raa) *ua*+a&*on &o run%or an 'o 4u/* o*$.

The Facts

T'$ a*$n& %a& o% &'$ a$ ar$ a %oo3

On S$4&$9/$r 12, 200, &'$ San*an/ayan on*&$%or9$r r$*$n& E&raa, a %or9$r r$*$n& o% &'$ R$4u/*o% &'$ '**44*n$, %or &'$ r*9$ o% 4un$r *n Cr*9*na Ca$No. 2655, $n&*&$ : People of the Philippines v. Joseph Ejercito Estrada, et al.; T'$ *4o*&*$ 4ar& o% &'$ ra%&our&@ $**on r$a


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WHEREFORE, *n *$3 o% a &'$ %or$o*n, >u9$n& *'$r$/y r$n$r$ *n Cr*9*na Ca$ No. 2655 +n*n &'$au$, !or9$r r$*$n& Jo$4' E>$r*&o E&raa, GUILTY /$yon r$aona/$ ou/& o% &'$ r*9$ o% PLUNDER , $+n$

*n an 4$na*F$ /y R$4u/* A& No. 00, a a9$n$. On&'$ o&'$r 'an, %or %a*ur$ o% &'$ 4ro$u&*on &o 4ro$ an$&a/*' &'$*r u*& /$yon r$aona/$ ou/&, &'$ Cour&+n &'$ au$ Jo$ :J*noy; E&raa an A&&y. E3ar S.S$ra4*o NOT GUILTY o% &'$ r*9$ o% 4un$r, anaor*ny, &'$ Cour& '$r$/y or$r &'$*r ACQUITTAL.

T'$ 4$na&y *94oa/$ %or &'$ r*9$ o% 4un$r un$rR$4u/* A& No. 00, a a9$n$ /y R$4u/* A& No.

65, * Reclusion Perpetua &o D$a&'. T'$r$ /$*n noaraa&*n or 9*&*a&*n *ru9&an$, 'o3$$r, &'$ $$r4$na&y 'a /$ a44*$ *n aoran$ 3*&' Ar&*$ 6 o% &'$R$*$ $na Co$. Aor*ny, &'$ au$ !or9$rr$*$n& Jo$4' E>$r*&o E&raa * '$r$/y $n&$n$ &ou$r &'$ 4$na&y o% Reclusion Perpetua an &'$ a$ory4$na&*$ o% ** *n&$r*&*on ur*n &'$ 4$r*o o% $n&$n$an 4$r4$&ua a/ou&$ *ua*+a&*on.

T'$ 4$r*o 3*&'*n 3'*' au$ !or9$r r$*$n& Jo$4'E>$r*&o E&raa 'a /$$n un$r $&$n&*on 'a /$ r$*&$&o '*9 *n %u a on a '$ ar$$ oun&ar*y *n 3r*&*n &oa/*$ /y &'$ a9$ **4*nary ru$ *94o$ u4on on*&$4r*on$r.

"or$o$r, *n aoran$ 3*&' S$&*on 2 o% R$4u/* A& No.00, a a9$n$ /y R$4u/* A& No. 65, &'$ Cour&

'$r$/y $ar$ &'$ %or%$*&ur$ *n %aor o% &'$ o$rn9$n& o%&'$ %oo3*n(1) T'$ &o&a a9oun& o% !*$ #unr$ !or&y7-8T3o "**onS$$n #unr$ N*n$&y7-8On$ T'ouan $o(55,21,000.00), 3*&' *n&$r$& an *no9$ $arn$,*nu*$ o% &'$ a9oun& o% T3o #unr$ "**on $o(200,000,000.00), $4o*&$ *n &'$ na9$ an aoun& o% &'$


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Era4 "u*9 You&' !ouna&*on.

(2) T'$ a9oun& o% On$ #unr$ E*'&y7-8N*n$ "**on $o(1,000,000.00), *nu*$ o% *n&$r$& an *no9$ $arn$,

$4o*&$ *n &'$ Jo$ V$ar$ aoun&.

() T'$ r$a 4ro4$r&y on*&*n o% a 'ou$ an o& u//$ a:Boraay "an*on; oa&$ a& H100 11&' S&r$$&, N$3"an*a, u$Fon C*&y.T'$ a' /on 4o&$ /y au$ Jo$ :J*noy; E&raaan A&&y. E3ar S. S$ra4*o ar$ '$r$/y or$r$ an$$an r$$a$ &o &'$ a* au$ or &'$*r uy au&'or*F$r$4r$$n&a&*$ u4on 4r$$n&a&*on o% &'$ or**na r$$*4&

$*$n*n 4ay9$n& &'$r$o% an u/>$& &o &'$ uuaaoun&*n an au*&*n 4ro$ur$. L*


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%&EREA', Joseph Ejercito Estrada has pu/licly co((ittedto no lon)er see1 any elective position or o2ice,

#" V#E% &ERE34 and pursuant to the authority conferred

upon (e /y the Constitution, # here/y )rant e0ecutivecle(ency to JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA, convicted /ythe 'andi)an/ayan of Plunder and i(posed a penalty of Reclusion Perpetua. He is hereby restored to his civiland political rihts!

5he forfeitures i(posed /y the 'andi)an/ayan re(ain in force and in full, includin) all *rits and processes issued /ythe 'andi)an/ayan in pursuance hereof, e0cept for the /an1

account+s he o*ned /efore his tenure as President.

6pon acceptance of this pardon /y JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA, this pardon shall ta1e e2ect.

7iven under (y hand at the City of Manila,this 89th :ay of 3cto/er, in the year of

3ur ord, t*o thousand and seven.

7loria M. Arroyo +s)d.

$y the President;

#7"AC#3 R. $6"


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R$. Ey V$$F B. Lao a9a&on, ES? (2) 'PA "o. =-8?+:C, a 4$&*&*on %or :D*ua*+a&*on a r$*$n&*aCan*a&$; +$ /y E**o C. or9$n&o (or9$n&o)? an ()'PA "o. =-@> +:C, a :$&*&*on &o D*ua*%y E&raa

E>$r*&o, Jo$4' ". %ro9 Runn*n a r$*$n& u$ &oCon&*&u&*ona D*ua*+a&*on an Cr$a&*n Con%u*on &o &'$r$>u*$ o% E&raa, "ary Lou B; +$ /y "ary LouE&raa. In $4ara&$ R$ou&*on78 a&$ January 20, 2010 /y&'$ CO"ELEC, S$on D***on, 'o3$$r, a &'r$$ 4$&*&*on3$r$ $$&*$y *9*$ on &'$ un*%or9 roun &'a& (i)&'$ Con&*&u&*ona 4ror*4&*on on r$$$&*on a44*$ &o a*&&*n 4r$*$n&? an (ii) &'$ 4aron ran&$ &o %or9$rr$*$n& E&raa /y %or9$r r$*$n& Arroyo r$&or$ &'$

%or9$r@ r*'& &o o&$ an /$ o&$ %or a 4u/* o*$. T'$u/$u$n& 9o&*on %or r$on*$ra&*on &'$r$&o 3$r$ $n*$/y &'$ CO"ELEC En /anc.

A%&$r &'$ onu& o% &'$ "ay 10, 2010 yn'ron*F$$$&*on, 'o3$$r, %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa ony 9ana$&o arn$r &'$ $on '*'$& nu9/$r o% o&$.

O% &'$ &'r$$ 4$&*&*on$r a/o$-9$n&*on$, ony or9$n&oou'& r$our$ &o &'* Cour& an +$ a 4$&*&*on %orcertiorari, 3'*' 3a o


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E&raa /$%or$ &'$ CO"ELEC. T'$ 4$&*&*on 3a o


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S$. 12, O9n*/u E$&*on Co$

S$&*on 12. Dis"uali#cations! - Any 4$ron 3'o 'a /$$n

$ar$ /y o94$&$n& au&'or*&y *nan$ or *no94$&$n&, orhas %! s!"!#$ %& '!a *$+!" %or u/$r*on,*nurr$&*on, r$/$*on, or %or any o$n$ %or 3'*' '$ 'a/$$n $n&$n$ &o a 4$na&y o% 9or$ &'an $*'&$$n 9on&'or o a #0 0!1o10!+ oa "*20"*$, 'a /$*ua*+$ &o /$ a an*a&$ an &o 'o any 4u/* o*$,*!ss h has %! +01! 2!a& 2a$o! o +a!"$a!s"& . (E94'a$ u44*$.)In a R$ou&*on a&$ A4r* 1, 201, &'$ CO"ELEC, S$on

D***on, *9*$ &'$ 4$&*&*on %or *ua*+a&*on, &'$ fallo o% 3'*' r$a

WHEREFORE, 4r$9*$ on*$r$, &'$ *n&an& 4$&*&*on *'$r$/y DIS7ISSED %or u&&$r a< o% 9$r*&.7128

T'$ CO"ELEC, S$on D***on, o4*n$ &'a& :7'8a*n &au**a on*Fan$ o% &'$ ono*a&$ r$ou&*on %or SANo. 0-02 (DC) an SA No. 0-10 (DC) an &'$ 10 "ay2010 En $anc r$ou&*on a*r9*n *&, &'* Co99**on 3*no& /$a/or &'$ on&ro$ry %ur&'$r. "or$o, 7R*o-V*a8%a*$ &o 4r$$n& o$n& 4roo% u**$n& &o r$$r$ &'$&an*n 4ronoun$9$n& o% &'* Co99**on $ar*na&$or*ay &'a& 7%or9$r r$*$n& E&raa@8 r*'& &o $$<4u/* o*$ 'a /$$n $$&*$y r$&or$ /y &'$ 4aron $&$ u4on '*9 /y %or9$r r$*$n& Gor*a ". Arroyo. S*n$&'* Co99**on 'a ar$ay 4o


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>ur**&*on /y +*n &'$ 4r$$n& 4$&*&*on. S'$ 4r$$n&$ +$*u$ %or &'$ Cour&@ r$ou&*on, &o 3*&I. RESONDENT CO"ELEC CO""ITTED GRAVE ABKSEO! DISCRETION A"OKNTING TO LAC OR EMCESS O!

JKRISDICTION IN #OLDING T#AT RESONDENTESTRADA@S ARDON AS NOT CONDITIONAL?

II. RESONDENT CO"ELEC CO""ITTED GRAVE ABKSEO! DISCRETION A"OKNTING TO LAC OR EMCESS O! JKRISDICTION IN NOT !INDING T#AT RESONDENTESTRADA IS DISKALI!IED TO RKN AS "AYOR O!"ANILA KNDER SEC. 0 O! T#E LOCAL GOVERN"ENTCODE O! 11 !OR #AVING BEEN CONVICTED O!

LKNDER, AN O!!ENSE INVOLVING "ORAL TKRITKDE?

III. RESONDENT CO"ELEC CO""ITTED GRAVE ABKSEO! DISCRETION A"OKNTING TO LAC OR EMCESS O! JKRISDICTION IN DIS"ISSING T#E ETITION !ORDISKALI!ICATION ON T#E GROKND T#AT T#E CASEINVOLVES T#E SA"E OR SI"ILAR ISSKES IT ALREADYRESOLVED IN T#E CASES O! :OR"ENTO VS. ESTRADA;,SA NO. 0-02 (DC) AND IN : RE; PE5#5#3" 53 :#'6A#4< E'5RA:A EJERC#53, J3'EP& M. 4R3M R6""#"7 A' PRE'#:E"5, E5C.,; SA NO. 0-10 (DC)?

IV. RESONDENT CO"ELEC CO""ITTED GRAVE ABKSEO! DISCRETION A"OKNTING TO LAC OR EMCESS O! JKRISDICTION IN NOT RKLING T#AT RESONDENTESTRADA@S ARDON NEIT#ER RESTORED #IS RIG#T O!SK!!RAGE NOR RE"ITTED #IS ERETKAL ABSOLKTE

DISKALI!ICATION !RO" SEEING KBLIC O!!ICE? an

V. RESONDENT CO"ELEC CO""ITTED GRAVE ABKSEO! DISCRETION A"OKNTING TO LAC OR EMCESS O! JKRISDICTION IN NOT #AVING EMERCISED ITS OERTO M356 PR3PR#3 DISKALI!Y RESONDENT ESTRADAIN T#E !ACE O! #IS ATENT DISKALI!ICATION TO RKN


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!OR KBLIC O!!ICE BECAKSE O! #IS ERETKAL AND ABSOLKTE DISKALI!ICATION TO SEE KBLIC O!!ICE AND TO VOTE RESKLTING !RO" #IS CRI"INALCONVICTION !OR LKNDER.718

'*$ &'* a$ 3a 4$n*n /$%or$ &'$ Cour&, or on "ay 1,201, &'$ $$&*on 3$r$ onu&$ a '$u$ an %or9$rr$*$n& E&raa 3a o&$ *n&o o*$ 3*&' ,0 o&$a& *n '* %aor. T'$ n$=& ay, &'$ oa /oar o% ana$r4roa*9$ '*9 a &'$ uy $$&$ "ayor o% &'$ C*&y o%"an*a.

On Jun$ , 201, L*9, on$ o% %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa@o44on$n& %or &'$ 4o*&*on o% "ayor, 9o$ %or $a$ &o

*n&$r$n$ *n &'* a$. #* 9o&*on 3a ran&$ /y &'$ Cour&*n a R$ou&*on7158 a&$ Jun$ 25, 201. L*9 u/r*/$ &oR*o-V*a@ &'$ory &'a& %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa **ua*+$ &o run %or an 'o 4u/* o*$ a &'$ 4aronran&$ &o &'$ a&&$r %a*$ &o $=4r$y r$9*& '* 4$r4$&ua*ua*+a&*on. !ur&'$r, *$n &'a& %or9$r r$*$n&E&raa * *ua*+$ &o run %or an 'o 4u/* o*$, a&'$ o&$ o/&a*n$ /y &'$ a&&$r 'ou /$ $ar$ &ray,an, /$*n &'$ $on 4a$r 3*&' 1,6 o&$ &o '* na9$,'$ (L*9) 'ou /$ $ar$ &'$ r*'&%u 3*nn*n an*a&$%or &'$ 4o*&*on o% "ayor o% &'$ C*&y o% "an*a.

The Issue

T'ou' ra**n +$ $$9*ny $4ara&$ *u$ %or r$ou&*on,&'$ 4$&*&*on +$ /y R*o-V*a a&uay 4r$$n& ony on$$$n&*a u$&*on %or r$ou&*on /y &'$ Cour&, &'a& *,*hether or not the C3MEEC co((itted )rave a/use ofdiscretion a(ountin) to lac1 or e0cess of jurisdiction inrulin) that for(er President Estrada is Dualied to vote and/e voted for in pu/lic o2ice as a result of the pardon )rantedto hi( /y for(er President Arroyo.

In '$r 4$&*&*on, R*o-V*a &ar& '$r *u*on /y 4o*n&*n


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ou& &'a& &'$ 4aron ran&$ &o %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa 3aon*&*ona a $*$n$ /y &'$ a&&$r@ $=4r$ a$4&an$&'$r$o%. T'$ :a$4&an$,; '$ a*9, * an *n*a&*on o% &'$on*&*ona na&ur$ o% &'$ 4aron, 3*&' &'$ on*&*on /$*n

$9/o*$ *n &'$ &'*r %hereas Clause o% &'$ 4aron, i.e.,:#EREAS, Jo$4' E>$r*&o E&raa 'a 4u/*y o99*&&$&o no on$r $$< any $$&*$ 4o*&*on or o*$.; S'$$=4a*n &'a& &'$ a%or$9$n&*on$ o99*&9$n& 3a 3'a&*94$$ %or9$r r$*$n& Arroyo &o 4aron %or9$rr$*$n& E&raa, 3*&'ou& *&, &'$ $9$ny 3ou no& 'a$/$$n $=&$n$. An any /r$a' &'$r$o%, &'a& *, 3'$n %or9$rr$*$n& E&raa +$ '* C$r&*+a&$ o% Can*ay %orr$*$n& an "ayor o% &'$ C*&y o% "an*a, '$ /r$a'$ &'$

on*&*on o% &'$ 4aron? '$n$, :'$ ou'& &o /$ r$o99*&&$&o 4r*on &o $r$ &'$ un$=4*r$ 4or&*on o% '* $n&$n$ = = =an *ua*+$ '*9 a a an*a&$ %or &'$ 9ayora&y74o*&*on8 o% "an*a.;7168

Non$&'$$, R*o-V*a ar*+$ &'a& &'$ %una9$n&a /a*u4on 3'*' %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa 9u& /$ *ua*+$%ro9 runn*n %or an 'o*n 4u/* $$&*$ o*$ * a&uay&'$ 4ror*4&*on %oun *n S$&*on 0 o% &'$ LGC, *n r$a&*on&o S$&*on 12 o% &'$ OEC. S'$ aru$ &'a& &'$ r*9$ o%4un$r * /o&' an o$n$ 4un*'a/$ /y *94r*on9$n& o%on$ y$ar or 9or$ an *no*n 9ora &ur4*&u$? u' &'a&%or9$r r$*$n& E&raa 9u& /$ *ua*+$ &o run %or an'o 4u/* $$&*$ o*$.

E$n 3*&' &'$ 4aron ran&$ &o %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa,'o3$$r, R*o-V*a *n*& &'a& &'$ a9$ * no& o4$ra&$ &o

9a


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ART. 6. Pardon its e2ects. A 4aron 'a no& 3or< &'$r$&ora&*on o% &'$ r*'& &o 'o 4u/* o*$, or &'$ r*'& o%ura$, *!ss s*#h 0+h"s % 82ss& s"o$ %& "h"s o "h 2a$o!.

A 4aron 'a *n no a$ $=$94& &'$ u4r*& %ro9 &'$4ay9$n& o% &'$ ** *n$9n*&y *94o$ u4on '*9 /y &'$$n&$n$.

= = = =

ART. 1. Reclusion perpetua an reclusion te(poral 5heiraccessory penalties. T'$ 4$na&*$ o% reclusion perpetua

an reclusion te(poral 'a arry 3*&' &'$9 &'a& o% ***n&$r*&*on %or *%$ or ur*n &'$ 4$r*o o% &'$ $n&$n$ a&'$ a$ 9ay /$, an &'a& o% 4$r4$&ua a/ou&$*ua*+a&*on 3'*' &'$ o$n$r 'a u$r 1! "ho*+h2a$o!$ as "o "h 20!#02a 2!a"&, *!ss "h sasha ha1 %! 82ss& 0""$ 0! "h 2a$o!.(E94'a$ u44*$.)S'$ a$r &'a& *n *$3 o% &'$ %or$o*n 4ro**on o% a3, *& *no& $nou' &'a& a 4aron 9a


12/38

Monsanto v. 4actoran, Jr .718 &o $nor$ '$r 4o*&*on &'a&:7&8'$ r$&ora&*on o% &'$ r*'& &o 'o 4u/* o*$ &o on$3'o 'a o& u' r*'& /y r$aon o% on*&*on *n a r*9*naa$, /u& u/$u$n&y 4aron$, anno& /$ $%& &o *n%$r$n$,

no 9a&&$r 'o3 *n&$n$y arua/$, /u& 9u& /$ &a&$ *n$=4r$, $=4**&, 4o*&*$ an 4$*+ anua$.;

A44y*n Monsanto &o %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa@ a$,R*o-V*a r$


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un$r S$&*on 0 o% &'$ 7LGC8, &'$ u/$u$n& ran& o%4aron &o '*9, 'o3$$r, $$&*$y r$&or$ '* r*'& &o run%or any 4u/* o*$.;7218 T'$ r$&ora&*on o% '* r*'& &o run%or any 4u/* o*$ * &'$ $=$4&*on &o &'$ 4ro'*/*&*on un$r

S$&*on 0 o% &'$ LGC, a 4ro*$ un$r S$&*on 12 o% &'$OEC. A &o &'$ $$9*n r$u*r$9$n& o% Ar&*$ 6 an 1 o%&'$ R$*$ $na Co$, i.e., &'$ $=4r$r$&ora&*onPr$9**on o% a 4ar&*uar r*'& &o /$ &a&$ *n &'$4aron, &'$ OSG a$r& &'a& :an a*r&*'& an r***n&$r4r$&a&*on o% Ar&*$ 6 an Ar&*$ 1 o% &'$ 7RC8 = = =3ou /$ &r$&'*n &oo 9u' &'$ $ar an 4a*n 9$an*n o% &'$ a%or$a* 4ro**on.;7228 La&y, &a


14/38

ratio decidendi o% &'$ Monsanto a$ a &o &'$ a$$n$$*&y %or an $=4r$$ r$&ora&*on o% &'$ Qr*'& &o 'o4u/* o*$ *n &'$ 4aron@ a a $a 4r$-r$u**&$ &o r$9o$&'$ u/>$& 4$r4$&ua 4$*a *ua*+a&*on?; &'a&

9or$o$r, &'$ :4r*n*4a u$&*on ra*$ *n &'* Monsanto a$ * 3'$&'$r or no& a 4u/* o*$r, 3'o 'a /$$n ran&$an a/ou&$ 4aron /y &'$ C'*$% E=$u&*$, * $n&*&$ &or$*n&a&$9$n& &o '$r %or9$r 4o*&*on 3*&'ou& n$$ o% a n$3a44o*n&9$n&?; &'a& '* :$=4r$$ a$4&an$ 7o% &'$4aron8 * no& 4roo% &'a& &'$ 4aron $=&$n$ &o 7'*98 *on*&*ona an no& a/ou&$?; &'a& &'* a$ * a 9$r$r$'a' o% &'$ a$ +$ aa*n& '*9 ur*n '* an*ay%or r$*$n& /a< *n 200-2010? &'a& Ar&*$ 6 an 1 o%

&'$ R$*$ $na Co$ :anno& a/r*$ or *9*n*' &'$4aron*n 4o3$r o% &'$ r$*$n& $=4r$y ran&$ /y &'$Con&*&u&*on?; &'a& &'$ &$=& o% &'$ 4aron ran&$ &o '*9u/&an&*ay, *% no& %uy, o94*$ 3*&' &'$ r$u*r$9$n&4o$ /y Ar&*$ 6 o% &'$ R$*$ $na Co$ a *& 3aa&$or*ay &a&$ *n &'$ a* ou9$n& &'a& '$ 3a:r$&or$ &o '* ** an 4o*&*a r*'&?; &'a& *n$ 4aron* an a& o% ra$, *& 9u& /$ on&ru$ %aora/y *n %aor o%&'$ ran&$$?7258 an &'a& '* *ua*+a&*on 3* r$u& *n9a*$ *$n%ran'*$9$n& o% &'$ 'unr$ o% &'ouan o%"an*$o 3'o o&$ %or '*9.7268

The Court$s Rulin

T'$ 4$&*&*on %or certiorari a


15/38

&'$ anua$ o% &'$ 4aron * &'a& &'$ a9$ *n %a& on%or9&o Ar&*$ 6 an 1 o% &'$ R$*$ $na Co$.

R$a &'a& &'$ 4$&*&*on %or *ua*+a&*on +$ /y R*o-

V*a aa*n& %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa, o


16/38

li'ited by leislative action!

T'$ 1 Con&*&u&*on, 4$*+ay S$&*on 1 o% Ar&*$ VIIan S$&*on 5 o% Ar&*$ IM-C, 4ro*$ &'a& &'$ r$*$n& o%

&'$ '**44*n$ 4o$$ &'$ 4o3$r &o ran& 4aron, aon3*&' o&'$r a& o% $=$u&*$ $9$ny, &o 3*&S$&*on 1. E=$4& *n a$ o% *94$a'9$n&, or a o&'$r3*$4ro*$ *n &'* Con&*&u&*on, &'$ r$*$n& 9ay ran&r$4r*$$, o99u&a&*on, an 4aron, an r$9*& +n$ an%or%$*&ur$, a%&$r on*&*on /y +na >u9$n&.

#$ 'a ao 'a$ &'$ 4o3$r &o ran& a9n$&y 3*&' &'$onurr$n$ o% a 9a>or*&y o% a &'$ "$9/$r o% &'$

Conr$.

= = = =

S$&*on 5. No 4aron, a9n$&y, 4aro$, or u4$n*on o%$n&$n$ %or *oa&*on o% $$&*on a3, ru$, an r$ua&*on'a /$ ran&$ /y &'$ r$*$n& 3*&'ou& &'$ %aora/$r$o99$na&*on o% &'$ Co99**on.I& * a44ar$n& %ro9 &'$ %or$o*n on&*&u&*ona 4ro**on&'a& &'$ ony *n&an$ *n 3'*' &'$ r$*$n& 9ay no&$=&$n 4aron r$9a*n &o /$ *n (1) *94$a'9$n& a$? (2)a$ &'a& 'a$ no& y$& r$u&$ *n a +na on*&*on? an ()a$ *no*n *oa&*on o% $$&*on a3, ru$ anr$ua&*on *n 3'*' &'$r$ 3a no %aora/$r$o99$na&*on o9*n %ro9 &'$ CO"ELEC. T'$r$%or$, *&an /$ aru$ &'a& any a& o% Conr$ /y 3ay o% &a&u&$anno& o4$ra&$ &o $*9*& &'$ 4aron*n 4o3$r o% &'$

r$*$n&.

In Cristo/al v. a/rador 728 an Pelo/ello v. Palatino,728 3'*'3$r$ $*$ un$r &'$ 15 Con&*&u&*on, 3'$r$*n &'$4ro**on ran&*n 4aron*n 4o3$r &o &'$ r$*$n& 'ar$*9*ar 4'ra$ooy 3*&' 3'a& * %oun *n &'$ 4r$$n& 1Con&*&u&*on, &'$ Cour& &'$n un$u*oay $ar$ &'a&


17/38

:u/>$& &o &'$ *9*&a&*on *94o$ /y &'$ Con&*&u&*on, &'$4aron*n 4o3$r anno& /$ r$&r*&$ or on&ro$ /y$*a&*$ a&*on.; T'$ Cour& r$*&$ra&$ &'* 4ronoun$9$n&*n Monsanto v. 4actoran, Jr.728 &'$r$/y $&a/*'*n &'a&,

un$r &'$ 4r$$n& Con&*&u&*on, :a 4aron, /$*n a4r$*$n&*a 4r$roa&*$, 'ou no& /$ *ru9r*/$ /y$*a&*$ a&*on.; T'u, *& * un9*&a


18/38

u/on*ouy 3$ ar$ ra%&*n a on&*&u&*on on &'$ 4r$9*$&'a& a our %u&ur$ r$*$n& 3* /$ /a an *'on$& an,on$u$n&y, &'$*r a& 3* /$ a


19/38

9a$ra&*on o% o$rn9$n& 4ro4$r&y or %un *no*n on$'unr$ 4$o. Bu& &'$n, 3$ ao an&**4a&$ &'$ 4o*/**&y&'a& &'$ orru4& 4ra&*$ o% a 4u/* o*$r * o% u'9an*&u$ a &o 'a$ *r&uay ra*n$ a u/&an&*a 4or&*on

o% &'$ &r$aury, an &'$n '$ o$ &'rou' a &'$ >u**a4ro$$ an a&$r on, a r$*$n& 3'o 9ay 'a$ o$onn$&*on 3*&' '*9 or ou& o% *94ro*$n& o94a*on 9ayran& $9$ny un$r u' on*&*on. T'a& * 3'y 3$ $%& *&&o Conr$ &o 4ro*$ an 9a


20/38

4ra&*$ a3. T'$r$ ar$ 9any o&'$r r*9$ 9or$ $r*ou&'an &'$$. Kn$r &'* a9$n9$n&, Conr$ anno& *9*&&'$ 4o3$r o% $=$u&*$ $9$ny *n a$ o% ru a*&*onan ru 4u'*n 3'*' ar$ $ry, $ry $r*ou r*9$ &'a&

an $nan$r &'$ S&a&$? ao, ra4$ 3*&' 9ur$r, u& 9a$& &o &'$4ro4oa. $ 'a$ >u& a44ro$ &'$ Ar&*$ on

Aoun&a/**&y o% u/* O*$r. Kn$r *&, *& * 9ana&$&'a& a 4u/* o*$ * a 4u/* &ru&, an a o$rn9$n&o*$r ar$ un$r o/*a&*on &o o/$r$ &'$ u&9o& o%r$4on*/**&y, *n&$r*&y, oya&y an $**$ny, &o $a 9o$&*$ an &o a& 3*&' 4a&r*o&*9 an >u&*$.

In a a$, &'$r$%or$, 3'*' 3ou o *n&o &'$ $ry or$ o%


21/38

&'$ on$4& &'a& a 4u/* o*$ * a 4u/* &ru&, &'$ *oa&*on* *&$% a *oa&*on no& ony o% &'$ $ono9y /u& &'$ 9ora%a/r* o% 4u/* o**a. An &'a& * &'$ r$aon 3$ no3 3an&&'a& *% &'$r$ * any on*&*on %or &'$ *oa&*on o% &'$ An&*-

Gra%& an Corru4& ra&*$ A&, 3'*', *n $$&, * a *oa&*on o% &'$ 4u/* &ru& 'ara&$r o% &'$ 4u/* o*$, no4aron 'a /$ $=&$n$ &o &'$ o$n$r, un$ o9$*9*&a&*on ar$ *94o$.

Or**nay, 9y *9*&a&*on 3a, *& 'ou /$ 3*&' &'$onurr$n$ o% &'$ on*&*n our&, /u& &'$ Co99*&&$$ $%&*& $n&*r$y &o &'$ $*a&ur$ &o %or9ua&$ &'$ 9$'an* a&&ry*n, 4ro/a/y, &o *&*nu*' /$&3$$n ra$ an $ ra$

or $r*ou a$ o% *oa&*on o% &'$ An&*-Gra%& an Corru4&ra&*$ A&. $r'a4 &'* * no3 &'$ /$& &*9$, *n$ 3$'a$ &r$n&'$n$ &'$ Ar&*$ on Aoun&a/**&y o% u/*O*$r, &o ao94any *& 3*&' a 9ana&$ &'a& &'$r$*$n&@ r*'& &o ran& $=$u&*$ $9$ny %or o$n$ror *oa&or o% a3 r$a&*n &o &'$ on$4& o% a 4u/* o*$9ay /$ *9*&$ /y Conr$ *&$%.

"R. SAR"IENTO. "aa9 r$*$n&.

T#E RESIDENT. Co99**on$r Sar9*$n&o * r$on*F$.

"R. SAR"IENTO. "ay I /r*$y 4$a< *n %aor o% &'$a9$n9$n& /y $$&*on.

"aa9 r$*$n&, o$r an o$r aa*n, 3$ 'a$ /$$n ay*nan aru*n /$%or$ &'* Con&*&u&*ona Co99**on "ha" 4

a as#*a"0!+ "h 2o4s o "h 2s0$!#&, a!$"h0s 2o10s0o! "o 0s a!o"h #a 8a2 o "ha".So, I 4$a< aa*n& &'* 4ro**on. E$n &'$ 15 an &'$1 Con&*&u&*on o no& 4ro*$ %or &'*


22/38

"R. RO"KLO. Co99**on$r T*non 3ou *


23/38

aos" a%so*" 2o4 o o* Ch0 E8#*"01 0!$#0$0!+ 4h"h "o 2a$o!, &o r$4r*$$ or &o o99u&$&'$ $n&$n$ r$n$r$ /y &'$ our&.

I &'an< you.

T#E RESIDENT. Ar$ 3$ r$ay &o o&$ no3

"R. RO"KLO. Co99**on$r a*a 3ou *


24/38

r*9*na on*&$ *n our o*$&y, 3$ $=&$n 4ro/a&*on &o&'$9 3'*$ *n &'* a$, &'$y 'a$ ar$ay /$$n on*&$an 3$ o$r 9$ry. T'$ ony 3ay 3$ an o$r 9$ry &o&'$9 * &'rou' &'* $=$u&*$ $9$ny $=&$n$ &o &'$9

/y &'$ r$*$n&. I 4 s"0 #os "h0s a1!* "o "h,"h& 4o*$ % 2*$0#$ 1! 4os "ha! "h*$s a!$ "h o 10#0o*s 0s 0! o* so#0"&. Io no& &'*n< &'$y $$r$ &'* o44ro/r*u9 an 4un*'9$n&un$r &'$ n$3 Con&*&u&*on.

I a9 *n %aor o% &'$ 4ro4o$ a9$n9$n& o% Co99**on$rTan.

"R. RO"KLO. $ ar$ r$ay &o o&$, "aa9 r$*$n&.

T#E RESIDENT. I &'* a$4&$ /y &'$ Co99*&&$$

"R. REGALADO. T'$ Co99*&&$$, "aa9 r$*$n&, 4r$%$r&o u/9*& &'* &o &'$ oor an ao /$au$ o% &'$ o/>$&*ono% &'$ 9a*n 4ro4on$n&, Co99**on$r Da*$. So 3$ %$$&'a& &'$ Co99**on$r 'ou o&$ on &'* u$&*on.

VOTING

T#E RESIDENT. A 9any a ar$ *n %aor o% &'$ 4ro4o$a9$n9$n& o% Co99**on$r Tan &o $$&$ &'$ a& $n&$n$o% S$&*on 1 a44$ar*n on *n$ , an , 4$a$ ra*$&'$*r 'an. ('everal Me(/ers raised their hand.)

A 9any a ar$ aa*n&, 4$a$ ra*$ &'$*r 'an. ( 4e* Me(/ers raised their hand.)

Th s*"s sho4


25/38

T'$ %or$o*n 4ronoun$9$n& o**%y &'$ &'$* &'a& Ar&*$ 6 an 1 o% &'$ R$*$ $na Co$ anno&, *n any3ay, $r$ &o a/r*$ or *9*n*' &'$ $=u*$ 4o3$r an4r$roa&*$ o% &'$ r$*$n& &o 4aron 4$ron on*&$ o%

*oa&*n 4$na &a&u&$.

T'$ Cour& anno& u/r*/$ &o R*o-V*a@ *n&$r4r$&a&*on&'a& &'$ a* Ar&*$ on&a*n 4$*+ &$=&ua o99an3'*' 9u& /$ &r*&y %oo3$ *n or$r &o %r$$ &'$/$n$+*ary o% 4r$*$n&*a ra$ %ro9 &'$ *ua*+a&*on4$*+ay 4r$r*/$ /y &'$9.

Aa*n, Ar&*$ 6 an 1 o% &'$ R$*$ $na Co$

4ro*$ ART. 6. Pardon its e2ects. A 4aron 'a no& 3or< &'$r$&ora&*on o% &'$ r*'& &o 'o 4u/* o*$, or &'$ r*'& o%ura$, *!ss s*#h 0+h"s % 82ss& s"o$ %& "h"s o "h 2a$o!.

A 4aron 'a *n no a$ $=$94& &'$ u4r*& %ro9 &'$4ay9$n& o% &'$ ** *n$9n*&y *94o$ u4on '*9 /y &'$$n&$n$.

= = = =

ART. 1. Reclusion perpetua and reclusion te(poral 5heiraccessory penalties. T'$ 4$na&*$ o% reclusion perpetua an reclusion te(poral 'a arry 3*&' &'$9 &'a& o% ***n&$r*&*on %or *%$ or ur*n &'$ 4$r*o o% &'$ $n&$n$ a&'$ a$ 9ay /$, an &'a& o% 4$r4$&ua a/ou&$

*ua*+a&*on 3'*' &'$ o$n$r 'a u$r 1! "ho*+h2a$o!$ as "o "h 20!#02a 2!a"&, *!ss "h sasha ha1 %! 82ss& 0""$ 0! "h 2a$o!.(E94'a$ u44*$.) A r** an *n$=*/$ r$a*n o% &'$ a/o$ 4ro**on o% a3,a 4ro4o$ /y R*o-V*a, * un3arran&$, $4$*ay o *% *&3* $%$a& or unuy r$&r*& &'$ 4o3$r o% &'$ r$*$n& &o


26/38

ran& $=$u&*$ $9$ny.

I& * 3$-$n&r$n'$ *n &'* >ur**&*on &'a& 3'$r$ &'$3or o% a &a&u&$ ar$ $ar, 4a*n, an %r$$ %ro9 a9/*u*&y,

*& 9u& /$ *$n *& *&$ra 9$an*n an a44*$ 3*&'ou&a&&$94&$ *n&$r4r$&a&*on. Ver/a le)is non est recedendu(.!ro9 &'$ 3or o% a &a&u&$ &'$r$ 'ou /$ no $4ar&ur$. 718 I& * &'* Cour&@ +r9 *$3 &'a& &'$ 4'ra$ *n &'$ 4r$*$n&*a4aron a& *u$ 3'*' $ar$ &'a& %or9$r r$*$n&E&raa :* '$r$/y r$&or$ &o '* ** an 4o*&*a r*'&;u/&an&*ay o94*$ 3*&' &'$ r$u*r$9$n& o% $=4r$r$&ora&*on.

T'$ D*$n& o% Ju&*$ "ar* ".V.!. L$on$n ar$$ 3*&'R*o-V*a &'a& &'$r$ 3a no $=4r$ r$9**on anPorr$&ora&*on o% &'$ r*'& o% ura$ anPor &o 'o 4u/*o*$ *n &'$ 4aron ran&$ &o %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa, ar$u*r$ /y Ar&*$ 6 an 1 o% &'$ R$*$ $na Co$.

Ju&*$ L$on$n 4o*& *n '* D*$n& &'a& &'$ a%or$9$n&*on$oa 4ro**on 9u& /$ %oo3$ /y &'$ r$*$n&, a &'$yo no& a/r*$ or *9*n*' &'$ r$*$n&@ 4o3$r &o $=&$n$9$ny. #$ o4*n$ &'a& &'$y o no& r$u$ &'$ o$ra$ o%&'$ r$*$n&@ 4aron*n 4o3$r. ar&*uary, '$ &a&$ Ar&*$ 6 an 1 r$%$r ony &o r$u*r$9$n& o% on$n&*onor %or9. T'$y ony 4ro*$ a procedural 4r$r*4&*on. T'$yar$ no& on$rn$ 3*&' ar$a 3'$r$ or &'$ *n&an$ 3'$n&'$ r$*$n& 9ay ran& 4aron? &'$y ar$ ony on$rn$3*&' ho% '$ or '$ * &o $=$r*$ u' 4o3$r o &'a& noo&'$r o$rn9$n&a *n&ru9$n&a*&y n$$ &o *n&$r$n$ &o

*$ *& %u $$&.

A &'a& Ar&*$ 6 an 1 o * 4r$r*/$ &'a&, *% &'$r$*$n& 3*'$ &o *nu$ *n &'$ 4aron &'$ r$&ora&*on o%&'$ r*'& o% ura$ an &o 'o 4u/* o*$, or &'$r$9**on o% &'$ a$ory 4$na&y o% 4$r4$&ua a/ou&$*ua*+a&*on, '$ or '$ 'ou o o $=4r$y. Ar&*$ 6


27/38

an 1 ony a< &'a& &'$ r$*$n& &a&$ '* or '$r *n&$n&*on$ary, *r$&y, +r9y, 4r$*$y, an un9*&a$& &o a 4r$r*4&*on on

&'$ (anner /y 3'*' '$ or '$ * &o &a&$ *&.728

*&' u$ r$4$&, I *ar$$ 3*&' &'$ o$r/roa &a&$9$n&&'a& Conr$ 9ay *&a&$ a &o 'o3 &'$ r$*$n& 9ay$=$r*$ '*P'$r 4o3$r o% $=$u&*$ $9$ny. T'$ %or9 or9ann$r /y 3'*' &'$ r$*$n&, or Conr$ %or &'a& 9a&&$r,'ou $=$r*$ &'$*r r$4$&*$ Con&*&u&*ona 4o3$r or4r$roa&*$ anno& /$ *n&$r%$r$ 3*&' un$ *& * o4ro*$ *n &'$ Con&*&u&*on. T'* * &'$ $$n$ o% &'$4r*n*4$ o% $4ara&*on o% 4o3$r $$4y *nra*n$ *n our

y&$9 o% o$rn9$n& 3'*' :ora*n &'a& $a' o% &'$ &'r$$r$a& /ran'$ o% o$rn9$n& 'a $=u*$ on*Fan$ o%an * u4r$9$ *n 9a&&$r %a*n 3*&'*n *& o3non&*&u&*onay aoa&$ 4'$r$.;78 "or$o, &'*%una9$n&a 4r*n*4$ 9u& /$ o/$r$ *% non-o94*an$3*&' &'$ %or9 *94o$ /y on$ /ran' on a o-$ua anoor*na&$ /ran' 3* r$u& *n&o &'$ *9*nu&*on o% an$=u*$ Con&*&u&*ona 4r$roa&*$.

!or &'* r$aon, Ar&*$ 6 an 1 o% &'$ R$*$ $na Co$'ou /$ on&ru$ *n a 3ay &'a& 3* *$ %u $$& &o &'$$=$u&*$ $9$ny ran&$ /y &'$ r$*$n&, *n&$a o%*nu*n *n an o$ry &r*& *n&$r4r$&a&*on &'a& 9ay $r$ &o*94a*r or *9*n*' &'$ *94or& o% &'$ 4aron 3'*' $9ana&$%ro9 &'$ O*$ o% &'$ r$*$n& an uy *n$ /y &'$ C'*$% E=$u&*$ '*9$%P'$r$%. T'$ a* oa 4ro**on 9u& /$on&ru$ &o 'ar9on*F$ &'$ 4o3$r o% Conr$ &o $+n$

r*9$ an 4r$r*/$ &'$ 4$na&*$ %or u' r*9$ an &'$4o3$r o% &'$ r$*$n& &o ran& $=$u&*$ $9$ny. A &'a&&'$ a* 4ro**on *94ar& * &'a& &'$ 4aron o% &'$ 4r*n*4a4$na&y o$ no& arry 3*&' *& &'$ r$9**on o% &'$ a$ory4$na&*$ un$ &'$ r$*$n& $=4r$y *nu$ a*a$ory 4$na&*$ *n &'$ 4aron. I& &* r$on*F$ &'$r$*$n&*a 4r$roa&*$ &o ran& $=$u&*$ $9$ny an,


28/38

4$*+ay, &o $*$ &o 4aron &'$ 4r*n*4a 4$na&y 3'*$$=u*n *& a$ory 4$na&*$ or &o 4aron /o&'. T'u, Ar&*$ 6 an 1 ony ar*%y &'$ $$& o% &'$ 4aron o$*$ u4on /y &'$ r$*$n& on &'$ 4$na&*$ *94o$ *n

aoran$ 3*&' a3.

A o$ ru&*ny o% &'$ &$=& o% &'$ 4aron $=&$n$ &o %or9$rr$*$n& E&raa 'o3 &'a& /o&' &'$ 4r*n*4a 4$na&y o%reclusion perpetua an *& a$ory 4$na&*$ ar$ *nu$*n &'$ 4aron. T'$ +r& $n&$n$ r$%$r &o &'$ $=$u&*$$9$ny $=&$n$ &o %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa 3'o 3aon*&$ /y &'$ San*an/ayan o% 4un$r an *94o$ a4$na&y o% reclusion perpetua. T'$ a&&$r * &'$ 4r*n*4a

4$na&y 4aron$ 3'*' r$*$$ '*9 o% *94r*on9$n&. T'$$n&$n$ &'a& %oo3$, 3'*' &a&$ &'a& :(')$ * '$r$/yr$&or$ &o '* ** an 4o*&*a r*'&,; $=4r$y r$9*&&$&'$ a$ory 4$na&*$ &'a& a&&a'$ &o &'$ 4r*n*4a 4$na&yo% reclusion perpetua. #$n$, $$n *% 3$ a44y Ar&*$ 6an 1 o% &'$ R$*$ $na Co$, *& * *nu/*&a/$ %ro9 &'$&$=& o% &'$ 4aron &'a& &'$ a$ory 4$na&*$ o% ***n&$r*&*on an 4$r4$&ua a/ou&$ *ua*+a&*on 3$r$$=4r$y r$9*&&$ &o$&'$r 3*&' &'$ 4r*n*4a 4$na&y o%

reclusion perpetua.

In &'* >ur**&*on, &'$ r*'& &o $$< 4u/* $$&*$ o*$ *r$on*F$ /y a3 a %a*n un$r &'$ 3'o$ a9u& o% **an 4o*&*a r*'&.

S$&*on 5 o% R$4u/* A& No. 225,78 o&'$r3*$ oy %u ** an 4o*&*a r*'& an /$ u/>$& &o aa&&$nan& *a/**&*$ an r$4on*/**&*$ un$r $=*&*n a3o% &'$ '**44*n$ an &'$ %oo3*n on*&*on


29/38

(1) T'o$ *n&$n*n &o 8#0s "h0 0+h" o s*/a+ 9u& 9$$& &'$ r$u*r$9$n& un$r S$&*on 1, Ar&*$ V o% &'$Con&*&u&*on, R$4u/* A& No. 1, o&'$r3*$


30/38

&'$ $=*&$n$ o% a* r*'&. Ar&*$ 25(/) o% &'$ Con$n&*on&a&$

A"0# 5>

E$ry *&*F$n 'a 'a$ &'$ r*'& an &'$ o44or&un*&y,3*&'ou& any o% &'$ *&*n&*on 9$n&*on$ *n Ar&*$ 2 an3*&'ou& unr$aona/$ r$&r*&*on

= = = =

(/) To 1o" a!$ "o % #"$ a& $nu*n$ 4$r*o* $$&*on3'*' 'a /$ /y un*$ra an $ua ura$ an 'a /$'$ /y $r$& /ao&, uaran&$$*n &'$ %r$$ $=4r$*on o% &'$

3* o% &'$ $$&or7.8 (E94'a* u44*$.)R$$n&y, *n 'o/ejana-Condon v. Co((ission on Elections,758 &'$ Cour& un$u*oay r$%$rr$ &o &'$ r*'& &o $$< 4u/*$$&*$ o*$ a a 4o*&*a r*'&, &o 3*&S&a&$ *$r$n&y, *& * an a*&*ona ua*+a&*on %or $$&*$o*$ 4$*+ ony &o !**4*no *&*F$n 3'o r$-au*r$ &'$*r*&*F$n'*4 un$r S$&*on o% R.A. No. 225. I& * &'$o4$ra&*$ a& &'a& r$&or$ &'$*r r*'& &o run %or 4u/* o*$.T'$ 4$&*&*on$r@ %a*ur$ &o o94y &'$r$3*&' *n aoran$3*&' &'$ $=a& &$nor o% &'$ a3, r$n$r$ *n$$&ua &'$ :eclaration of Renunciation of Australian CitiHenship '$$=$u&$ on S$4&$9/$r 1, 2006. A u', '$ * y$& &or$a*n '$r 2o0"0#a 0+h" "o s #"01 o/0#. Kn$'$ $=$u&$ a 3orn r$nun*a&*on o% '$r Au&ra*an*&*F$n'*4, '$ * *n$**/$ &o run %or an 'o any $$&*$o*$ *n &'$ '**44*n$. (E94'a* u44*$.)T'u, %ro9 /o&' a3 an >ur*4ru$n$, &'$ r*'& &o $$<

4u/* $$&*$ o*$ * un$u*oay on*$r$ a a4o*&*a r*'&. #$n$, &'$ Cour& r$*&$ra&$ *& $ar*$r&a&$9$n& &'a& &'$ 4aron ran&$ &o %or9$r r$*$n&E&raa a9*& no o&'$r *n&$r4r$&a&*on o&'$r &'an &o 9$an&'a&, u4on a$4&an$ o% &'$ 4aron ran&$ &o '*9, '$r$a*n$ '* !KLL ** an 4o*&*a r*'& *nu*n &'$r*'& &o $$< $$&*$ o*$.


31/38

On &'$ o&'$r 'an, &'$ &'$ory o% R*o-V*a o$ /$yon &'$4a*n 9$an*n o% a* 4$na 4ro**on? an 4r$r*/$ a%or9a r$u*r$9$n& &'a& * no& ony unn$$ary /u&, *%

*n*&$ u4on, ou /$ *n $roa&*on o% &'$ on&*&u&*ona4ro'*/*&*on r$a&*$ &o &'$ 4r*n*4$ &'a& &'$ $=$r*$ o%4r$*$n&*a 4aron anno& /$ a$&$ /y $*a&*$ a&*on.

R*o-V*a r$*$ '$a*y on &'$ $4ara&$ onurr*no4*n*on *n Monsanto v. 4actoran, Jr .768 &o >u&*%y '$raru9$n& &'a& an a/ou&$ 4aron 9u& $=4r$y &a&$ &'a&&'$ r*'& &o 'o 4u/* o*$ 'a /$$n r$&or$, an &'a& &'$4$na&y o% 4$r4$&ua a/ou&$ *ua*+a&*on 'a /$$n

r$9*&&$.

T'* * *norr$&.

#$r r$*an$ on a* o4*n*on * u&&$ry 9*4a$. A&'ou'&'$ $arn$ *$3 o% Ju&*$ T$ooro R. a*a an!or$n&*no . !$**ano ar$ &o /$ r$4$&$, &'$y o no& %or94ar& o% &'$ on&ro*n o&r*n$ nor &o /$ on*$r$ 4ar& o%&'$ a3 o% &'$ an. On &'$ on&rary, a ar$%u r$a*n o% &'$9a>or*&y o4*n*on *n Monsanto, 4$nn$ /y no $ &'an C'*$% Ju&*$ "ar$o B. !$rnan, r$$a no &a&$9$n& &'a& $no&$a'$r$n$ &o a &r*n$n& an o$ry nuan$ a44*a&*on o% Ar&*$ 6 an 1 o% &'$ R$*$ $na Co$ &'a& 3* *n$$& r$u*r$ &'$ r$*$n& &o u$ a &a&u&or*y 4r$r*/$anua$ *n $=&$n*n $=$u&*$ $9$ny, $$n *% &'$ *n&$n&o% &'$ r$*$n& an o&'$r3*$ /$ $u$ %ro9 &'$ &$=& or3or u$ *n &'$ 4aron. !ur&'$r9or$, a $=4a*n$ a/o$,

&'$ 4aron '$r$ * on*&$n& 3*&', an no& on&rary &o, &'$4ro**on o% Ar&*$ 6 an 1.

The dis"uali#cation o& &or'er President Estrada under Section *, o& the -.C in relation to Section +/ o& theOEC %as re'oved by his acceptance o& the absolutepardon ranted to hi'!


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S$&*on 0 o% &'$ LGC *$n&*+$ 3'o ar$ *ua*+$ %ro9runn*n %or any $$&*$ oa 4o*&*on. R*o-V*a aru$&'a& %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa * *ua*+$ un$r *&$9 (a),

&o 3*&(a) Thos s!"!#$ %& '!a *$+!" o a! o/!s0!1o10!+ oa "*20"*$ o o a! o/!s 2*!0sha%%& o! (3) &a o o o 020so!!", 40"h0! "4o(5) &as a" s10!+ s!"!#?.@ (E94'a* u44*$.)L*


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a an*a&$ *n a oa $$&*on +$ any ay a%&$r &'$ a& ay%or +*n o% $r&*+a&$ o% an*ay, /u& no& a&$r &'an &'$a&$ o% 4roa9a&*on.78 T'$ 4$r&*n$n& ru*n *n &'$ Jalosjos a$ * uo&$ a %oo3

'a& * *n*4u&a/y $ar * &'a& %a$ 9a&$r*ar$4r$$n&a&*on o% Jao>o * a roun %or a 4$&*&*on un$rS$&*on . #o3$$r, *n$ &'$ %a$ 9a&$r*a r$4r$$n&a&*onar*$ %ro9 a r*9$ 4$na*F$ /y prision (ayor , a 4$&*&*onun$r S$&*on 12 o% &'$ O9n*/u E$&*on Co$ or S$&*on0 o% &'$ Loa Go$rn9$n& Co$ an ao /$ 4ro4$ry +$.Th 2"0"0o! has a #ho0# 4h"h "o a!#ho h0s2"0"0o! o! S#"0o! 35 o S#"0o! B o "h O!0%*sE#"0o! Co$, o o! S#"0o! = o "h Lo#a

Go1!!" Co$. Th a4 82ss& 2o10$s *"02$0s a!$ "h #ho0# o 4h0#h $& "o a$o2"%o!+s "o 2"0"0o!.78 (E94'a* u44*$.)The third prea'bular clause o& the pardon did notoperate to 'a0e the pardon conditional!

Con&rary &o R*o-V*a@ $ara&*on, &'$ &'*r 4r$a9/uarau$ o% &'$ 4aron, i.e., :F*Ghereas, Joseph Ejercito Estrada has pu/licly co((itted to no lon)er see1 anyelective position or o2ice,; n$*&'$r 9a


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o% &'$ $r$$ o% &'$ 4aron, an &'$r$%or$, o$ no& /y *&$%aon$ o4$ra&$ &o 9a


35/38

o*$ aa*n, &'$ %or9$r ou'& &o 'a$ $=4**&y &a&$ &'$a9$ *n &'$ &$=& o% &'$ 4aron *&$%. S*n$ %or9$r r$*$n& Arroyo * no& 9a


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:FhGe is here/y restored to his civil and political ri)hts;$=u$ &'$ r$&ora&*on o% %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa@ r*'&&o ura$ an &o 'o 4u/* o*$. T'$ a%or$uo&$ &$=& o%&'$ $=$u&*$ $9$ny ran&$ o$ no& 4ro*$ &'$ Cour&

3*&' any u*$ a &o 'o3 an 3'$r$ &o ra3 &'$ *n$/$&3$$n &'$ *nu$ an $=u$ 4o*&*a r*'&.

Ju&*$ L$on$n $94'a*F$ &'$ 4o*n& &'a& &'$ u&*9a&$ *u$%or r$ou&*on * no& 3'$&'$r &'$ 4aron * on&*n$n& on &'$on*&*on &'a& %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa 3* no& $$<ano&'$r $$&*$ 4u/* o*$, /u& *& a&uay on$rn &'$o$ra$ o% &'$ 4aron 3'$&'$r &'$ 4aron ran&$ &o%or9$r r$*$n& E&raa 3a o $=4an*$ a &o 'a$

r$&or$ a '* 4o*&*a r*'&, *nu*$ o% &'$ r*'& o%ura$ an &o 'o 4u/* o*$. Ju&*$ L$on$n * o% &'$ *$3 &'a& &'$ 4aron *n u$&*on * no& a/ou&$ nor 4$nary*n o4$ $4*&$ &'$ &a&$9$n& &'a& %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa* :here/y restored to his civil and political ri)hts,; &'a& *,&'$ %or$o*n &a&$9$n& r$&or$ &o %or9$r r$*$n&E&raa a '* ** an 4o*&*a r*'& 8#2" &'$ r*'&$n*$ &o '*9 /y &'$ unr$9*&&$ 4$na&y o% 4$r4$&uaa/ou&$ *ua*+a&*on 9a$ u4 o%, a9on o&'$r, &'$r*'& o% ura$ an &o 'o 4u/* o*$. #$ a &'a& 'a&'$ r$*$n& 'o$n &o /$ o $=4an*$ a &o *nu$ &'$r*'& o% ura$ an &o 'o 4u/* o*$, '$ 'ou 'a$/$$n 9or$ $ar on '$r *n&$n&*on.

#o3$$r, &'$ &a&$9$n& :FhGe is here/y restored to his civiland political ri)hts,; &o &'$ 9*n o% &'$ Cour&, * ry&a $ar &'$ 4aron ran&$ &o %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa 3a

a/ou&$, 9$an*n, *& 3a no& ony unon*&*ona, *& 3aunr$&r*&$ *n o4$, o94$&$ an 4$nary *n 'ara&$r, a&'$ &$r9 :4o*&*a r*'&; a$r&$ &o 'a a $&&$ 9$an*n*n a3 an >ur*4ru$n$.

*&' u$ r$4$&, I *ar$$ &oo 3*&' Ju&*$ L$on$n &'a& &'$o9**on o% &'$ ua*%y*n 3or :%u; an /$ on&ru$ a


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$=u*n &'$ r$&ora&*on o% &'$ r*'& o% ura$ an &o'o 4u/* o*$. T'$r$ a44$ar &o /$ no *&*n&*on a &o&'$ o$ra$ o% &'$ &$r9 :%u 4o*&*a r*'&; an &'$ &$r9:4o*&*a r*'&; u$ aon$ 3*&'ou& any ua*+a&*on. #o3

&o ar*/$ &o &'$ a&&$r &$r9 &'$ 9$an*n &'a& *& * :4ar&*a;an no& :%u; $+$ on$@ un$r&an*n. "or$ o, *& 3* /$$=&r$9$y **u& &o *$n&*%y 3'*' o% &'$ 4o*&*a r*'& ar$r$&or$ /y &'$ 4aron, 3'$n &'$ &$=& o% &'$ a&&$r * *$n&on &'* 9a&&$r. E=$4&*on &o &'$ ran& o% 4aron anno& /$4r$u9$ %ro9 &'$ a/$n$ o% &'$ ua*%y*n 3or :%u;3'$n &'$ 4aron r$&or$ &'$ :4o*&*a r*'&; o% %or9$rr$*$n& E&raa 3*&'ou& any $=u*on or r$$ra&*on.

T'$r$%or$, &'$r$ an /$ no o&'$r onu*on /u& &o ay &'a&&'$ 4aron ran&$ &o %or9$r r$*$n& E&raa 3aa/ou&$ *n &'$ a/$n$ o% a $ar, un$u*oa an onr$&$%a&ua /a* u4on 3'*' &o an'or or u44or& &'$r$*$n&*a *n&$n& &o ran& a *9*&$ 4aron.

To r$*&$ra&$, *no%ar a *& o$ra$ * on$rn$, &'$ &$=& o%&'$ 4aron an 3*&'&an o$ ru&*ny $$n un$r &'$4ro**on o% Ar&*$ 6 an 1 o% &'$ R$*$ $na Co$.

The CO1E-EC did not co''it rave abuse o&discretion a'ountin to lac0 or e2cess o& 3urisdictionin issuin the assailed Resolutions!

In *'& o% &'$ %or$o*n, on&rary &o &'$ a$r&*on o% R*o- V*a, &'$ CO"ELEC * no& o99*& ra$ a/u$ o%*r$&*on a9oun&*n &o a< or $=$ o% >ur**&*on *n

*u*n &'$ aa*$ R$ou&*on.

T'$ Cour& 'a on*&$n&y '$ &'a& a 4$&*&*on %or certiorari aa*n& a&*on o% &'$ CO"ELEC * on+n$ ony &o*n&an$ o% ra$ a/u$ o% *r$&*on a9oun&*n &o 4a&$n&an u/&an&*a $n*a o% u$ 4ro$, /$au$ &'$CO"ELEC * 4r$u9$ &o /$ 9o& o94$&$n& *n 9a&&$r


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%a*n 3*&'*n *& o9a*n.78

A $&&$ *n >ur*4ru$n$, ra$ a/u$ o% *r$&*on * &'$ar/*&rary $=$r*$ o% 4o3$r u$ &o 4a*on, 4r$>u*$ or

4$rona 'o&**&y? or &'$ 3'*9*a, ar/*&rary, or a4r**ou$=$r*$ o% 4o3$r &'a& a9oun& &o an $a*on or r$%ua &o4$r%or9 a 4o*&*$ u&y $n>o*n$ /y a3 or &o a& a& a *non&$94a&*on o% a3. !or an a& &o /$ on$9n$ a 'a*n/$$n on$ 3*&' ra$ a/u$ o% *r$&*on, u' an a/u$9u& /$ 4a&$n& an ro.78

T'$ aru9$n& %or3ar$ /y R*o-V*a %a* &o a$ua&$y$9on&ra&$ any %a&ua or $a /a$ &o 4ro$ &'a& &'$

aa*$ CO"ELEC R$ou&*on 3$r$ *u$ *n a :3'*9*a,ar/*&rary or a4r**ou $=$r*$ o% 4o3$r &'a& a9oun& &o an$a*on or r$%ua &o 4$r%or9 a 4o*&*$ u&y $n>o*n$ /ya3; or 3$r$ o :4a&$n& an ro; a &o on&*&u&$ ra$a/u$ o% *r$&*on.

On &'$ %or$o*n 4r$9*$ an onu*on, &'* Cour& +n*& unn$$ary &o $4ara&$y *u L*9@ 4$&*&*on-*n-*n&$r$n&*on, 3'*' u/&an&*ay 4r$$n&$ &'$ a9$aru9$n& a R*o-V*a@ 4$&*&*on.

WHEREFORE, &'$ 4$&*&*on %or certiorari an 4$&*&*on-*n-*n&$r$n&*on ar$ DIS7ISSED. T'$ R$ou&*on a&$ A4r* 1,201 o% &'$ Co99**on on E$&*on, S$on D***on, an&'$ R$ou&*on a&$ A4r* 2, 201 o% &'$ Co99**on onE$&*on, En /anc, /o&' *n SA No. 1-211 (DC), ar$

AFFIR7ED.

SO ORDERED.

Atty. Alicia Vidal vs COMELEC

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Transcript of Atty. Alicia Vidal vs COMELEC