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Psy 311: Attachment 1

WHAT IS SOCIAL

DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY?

Social development is learning primary drives

secondary drives

reinforcement

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Psy 311: Attachment 2

WHAT IS SOCIAL

DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY(CONT)?

Social development is instinct* bonding

Social development is interaction

* attachment

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Psy 311: Attachment 3

WHAT DO BABIES COME

WITH? REFLEXES

crying, clinging, grasping, rooting

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Psy 311: Attachment 4

Film Clip: Reflexes

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Psy 311: Attachment 5

WHAT DO BABIES COME

WITH (Cont)?

SOCIABILITY

interest in people, gazing, ability to becomforted.

BABYNESS

size, facial features, movements, smell& feel.

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Psy 311: Attachment 6

WHAT DO CAREGIVERS

COME WITH?

Interestin interactions Responsivenessto infants cries,

looks, sounds

Protectiveness

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FUNCTIONS OF

ATTACHMENT

BABY BEHAVIOR cling, grasp, huddle

cry

call, look for, crawl to, hide behind

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FUNCTIONS OF

ATTACHMENT (Cont)

PARENT RESPONSE

hold in return come

comfort and repair or protect

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WHATS THE POINT OF

ATTACHMENT?

IN TIMES OF DANGER:

KEEP CHILD SAFE keep child close to caregiver

bring caregiver

get to caregiver

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WHATS THE POINT OF

ATTACHMENT (Cont)? IN REGULAR TIMES:

CHILD FEELS SAFE

allow exploration

allow play

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DEFINITION OF ATTACHMENT

Strong affectionate bondthat binds a person to a

specific intimate companion

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DEVELOPMENTAL COURSE

OF ATTACHMENT

1. Undiscriminating social responsiveness

(birth - 3 months) 2. Discriminating social responsiveness

(3 - 6 months)

3. Active proximity seeking/trueattachment

(7months - 3 years)

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HOW CAN ATTACHMENT BEASSESSED?

METHODS: The Strange

Situation Paradigm.

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Psy 311: Attachment 14

Film Clip: The Strange Situation

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Psy 311: Attachment 15

FOUR ATTACHMENT

CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA

1. Exploration

2. Reaction to stranger

3. Separation from caregiver

4. Reunion with caregiver

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Psy 311: Attachment 16

FOUR TYPES OFATTACHMENT:

SECURE: 1 TYPE

INSECURE: 2 TYPES

NEWTYPE

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Psy 311: Attachment 17

1. SECURE ATTACHMENT

EXPLORATION: high

STRANGER: generally outgoing

SEPARATION: distress

REUNION: joy

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Psy 311: Attachment 18

PARENTAL FACTORS

INFLUENCING ATTACHMENT

SECURE: RESPONSIVE TO

INFANTS NEEDS &SIGNALS

Theme: Trust building

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Psy 311: Attachment 19

2. INSECURE-AVOIDANT

ATTACHMENT

EXPLORATION: high, unfocused STRANGER: indifferent

SEPARATION:low distress

REUNION: ignore, avoid

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Psy 311: Attachment 20

PARENTAL FACTORSINFLUENCING ATTACHMENT

INSECURE IMPATIENT,

AVOIDANT UNRESPONSIVE,

REJECTING Theme: Indifference

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Psy 311: Attachment 21

3. INSECURE-RESISTANT

ATTACHMENT

EXPLORATION: low

STRANGER:fearful, even

when caregiver is present

SEPARATION: hi distress REUNION: ambivalent,

wants contact but is angry

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Psy 311: Attachment 22

PARENTAL FACTORS

INFLUENCING ATTACHMENT

INSECURE INCONSISTENT,

RESISTANT OVERALL MOREUNRESPONSIVE

THAN

RESPONSIVE TOINFANT

Theme: Lack of trust

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Psy 311: Attachment 23

4. INSECURE-DISORGANIZED

ATTACHMENT

EXPLORATION: chaotic

STRANGER:uncertain, fearful

SEPARATION: variable

REUNION: distress

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Psy 311: Attachment 24

PARENTAL FACTORSINFLUENCING ATTACHMENT

INSECURE ABUSIVE,DISORGANIZED UNPREDICT-

ABLE

(no coping strategy)

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Psy 311: Attachment 25

Review: Kinds of Attachment

SECURE: joy on reunion

Caregiver: Responsive

AVOIDANT (insecure): indifference Caregiver: Rejecting

RESISTANT (insecure): ambivalence

Caregiver: Unpredictable DISORGANIZED (insecure): distress

Caregiver: Abusive

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Psy 311: Attachment 26

QUESTIONS ABOUT

ATTACHEMENT 1. Occurs at birth?

2. To more than 1 person? 3. After 6 months?

4. Can attachments change?

5. Long-term effects?

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Psy 311: Attachment 27

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF

ATTACHMENT

RELATIONSHIPS WITH...

Peers

Teachers

Romantic partners Own children

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Psy 311: Attachment 28

HEALTHY INTERNAL

WORKING MODEL Trusting

Lovability Openness

Expressiveness

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Psy 311: Attachment 29

MECHANISMS OF EFFECTS

INTERNAL WORKING MODELS

1. Insecure-Resistant: CLINGY,

DEMANDING 2. Insecure-Avoidant: DISTANT, COLD

CREATE RESPONSES IN OTHERS

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P 311 Att h t 30

ARE EFFECTS OF ATTACHMENT

IRREVERSIBLE?

NO!

Accept, understand, integrate, and goon!