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Attachment 5

ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

EcoIA Report Section 16 Planning Application for Sai Kung Pak Lap Nature Education Park

Prepared for

Master Mind Development Ltd

Prepared by

Ramboll Hong Kong Limited

in association with Ecosystem Limited

SECTION 16 PLANNING APPLICATION FOR SAI KUNG PAK

LAP NATURE EDUCATION PARK

ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

EcoIA Report Section 16 Planning Application for Sai Kung Pak Lap Nature Education Park

Date 12 October 2021

Approved by

Signed

Y H HUI

Principal Consultant

Project Reference IGLPLS16EA00

Document No. R8294_v1.1_Cover.docx

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photographic, recording or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system of any nature without the written permission of Ramboll Hong Kong Ltd, application for which shall be made to Ramboll Hong Kong Ltd, 21/F, BEA Harbour View Centre, 56 Gloucester Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. Disclaimer: This report is made on behalf of Ramboll Hong Kong Ltd. No individual is personally liable in connection with the preparation of this report. By receiving this report and acting on it, the client or any third party relying on it accepts that no individual is personally liable in contract, tort or breach of statutory duty (including negligence).

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Tel: (852) 3465 2888 Fax: (852) 3465 2899 Email: [email protected]

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Section 16 Planning Application Proposed Sai Kung Pak Lap Nature Education Park at Various Lots in DD 368, Pak Lap, Sai Kung Ecological Impact Assessment Report

OCTOBER 2021

Ecosystems Limited 生態系統顧問有限公司

Ecosystems Limited Unit B13, 12/F, Block B2, Yau Tong Industrial City

17 Ko Fai Road Yau Tong, Kowloon.

Tel. 電話: (852) 25530468

Fax 傳真: (852) 25529191

Email 電郵: [email protected]

Proposed Sai Kung Pak Lap Nature Education Park Ecological Impact Assessment Ecological Impact Assessment at Various Lots in DD 368, Pak Lap, Sai Kung October 2021

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CONTENTS

Page 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ................................................................................................................... 1 2. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 1

2.1 Study Area ..................................................................................................................... 1 2.2 Relevant Legislations and Guidelines ........................................................................... 1 2.3 Literature Review........................................................................................................... 3 2.4 Ecological Field Surveys ............................................................................................... 3 2.5 Impact Assessment ....................................................................................................... 5

3. RESULTS ................................................................................................................................ 5 3.1 Literature Review........................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Results of Field Survey ................................................................................................. 6 3.3 Evaluation of Habitats and Species of Conservation Importance ............................... 11

4. IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION ................................................................... 19 4.1 Assessment Criteria .................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Construction Phase Impacts ....................................................................................... 20 4.3 Operational Phase Impacts ......................................................................................... 23

5. IMPACT AVOIDANCE, MINIMISATION AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................ 23 5.1 Impact Avoidance ........................................................................................................ 23 5.2 Impact Minimization ..................................................................................................... 23 5.3 Impact Mitigation ......................................................................................................... 24

6. RESIDUAL IMPACTS ............................................................................................................ 25 7. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 25 8. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 25

LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Ecological Survey Programme Table 3.1 Habitats recorded within the Study Area Table 3.2 Evaluation of the Application Site Table 3.3 Evaluation of Agricultural Land within the Study Area Table 3.4 Evaluation of Developed Area within the Study Area Table 3.5 Evaluation of Marsh within the Study Area Table 3.6 Evaluation of Plantation within the Study Area Table 3.7 Evaluation of Sandy/Rubble Shore within the Study Area Table 3.8 Evaluation of Sea within the Study Area Table 3.9 Evaluation of Shrubland/Grassland within the Study Area Table 3.10 Evaluation of Watercourse within the Study Area Table 3.11 Evaluation of Woodland within the Study Area Table 3.12 Evaluation of Flora Species of Conservation Importance Table 3.13 Evaluation of Fauna Species of Conservation Importance Table 4.1 Estimated Habitat Loss LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Study Area, Transect and Aquatic Sampling Points Figure 3.1 Habitat Map Figure 3.2 Photos of Application Sites and Habitats Figure 3.3 Habitat Map and Locations of Species of Conservation Importance Figure 3.4 Photos of Species of Conservation Importance Figure 4.1 Habitat Map and Layout Plan LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Plant species recorded within the Study Area Appendix B Avifauna species recorded within the Study Area Appendix C Butterfly species recorded within the Study Area Appendix D Dragonfly Species recorded within the Study Area Appendix E Reptile Species recorded within the Study Area Appendix F Amphibian species recorded within the Study Area Appendix G Mammal Species Recorded within the Study Area Appendix H Aquatic fauna recorded within the Study Area


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Appendix I Intertidal fauna recorded within the Study Area Appendix J Wetland Restoration Plan ISSUES AND REVISION RECORD

Issue Date Description

1 29 July 2021 First Draft Issue

2 24 August 2021 First Draft Revision

3 5 October 2021 Second Draft Revision


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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.1.1 This Ecological Impact Assessment (“EcoIA”) is prepared in support of a

Section 16 Planning Application for the Proposed Sai Kung Pak Lap Nature Education Park at various lots in D.D. 368, Park Lap, Sai Kung (the “Application Site”).

1.1.2 The Application Site has an area of approx. 1.39ha and falls within the

“Agriculture” zone on the Draft Pak Lap Outline Zoning Plan No. S/SK-PL/3. ‘Field Study/Education/Visitor Centre’ is specified in Column 2 of the Notes that may be permitted with or without conditions on application to the Town Planning Board under Section 16 of the Town Planning Ordinance.

1.1.3 Ecosystems Ltd. was appointed by the Applicant, to be the Ecological

Consultant for the application. This report provided the ecological baseline and assessment on the proposed Master Layout Plan and is submitted as part of the technical assessment for the application.

2. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 Study Area

2.1.1 The Application Site is located about 20m to the east of the Pak Lap Village,

which is currently dominated by turfgrass land. It is bounded by landuse zones of Village Type Development, Agriculture, Conservation Area and Government, Institution or Community.

2.1.2 The Study Area for ecological assessment covered the Application Site and area within 100m from the Application Site boundary (Figure 2.1) which may be impacted by the proposed Project.

2.2 Relevant Legislations and Guidelines 2.2.1 The HKSAR ordinances and regulations relevant to this EcoIA for the proposed

Project include the following:

⚫ Forests and Countryside Ordinance (Cap. 96) and its subsidiary legislation, the Forestry Regulations (Cap. 96A);

⚫ Town Planning Ordinance (Cap. 131); ⚫ Wild Animals Protection Ordinance (WAPO, Cap. 170); ⚫ Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance ("the EIAO", Cap. 499)

and the associated Technical Memorandum (TM-EIAO); and ⚫ Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance

(Cap. 586).

2.2.2 This EcoIA also made reference to the following guidelines and standards as well as international conventions:

⚫ Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines (HKPSG) Chapter 10,

"Conservation"; ⚫ Ecological Baseline Survey for Ecological Assessment (EIAO Guidance

Note No. 7/2010); ⚫ Methodologies for Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecological Baseline

Surveys (EIAO Guidance Note No. 10/2010);


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⚫ PELB Technical Circular 1/97 / Works Branch Technical Circular 4/97, "Guidelines for Implementing the Policy on Off-site Ecological Mitigation Measures";

⚫ ETWB Technical Circular (Works) No. 5/2005, “Protection of natural streams/rivers from adverse impacts arising from construction works”;

⚫ Relevant wildlife protection laws of the PRC; ⚫ Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as

Waterfowl Habitat (the "Ramsar Convention"), which requires parties to conserve and make wise use of wetland areas, particularly those supporting waterfowl populations;

⚫ United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, which requires parties to regulate or manage biological resources important for the conservation of biological diversity, to promote the protection of ecosystems, natural habitats and the maintenance of viable populations of species in natural surroundings. The Convention requires signatories to make active efforts to protect and manage their biodiversity resources. The Government of Hong Kong SAR has stated that it will be “committed to meeting the environmental objectives” of the Convention;

⚫ International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species

⚫ Environment, Transport and Works Bureau Technical Circular (Works) No. 3/2006. Tree Preservation. 25 May 2006.

Criteria of Evaluating Species of Conservation Importance

2.2.3 Species listed under local legislation and international conventions for conservation of flora and fauna were given special attention. In accordance with Table 3, Annex 8 of the TM-EIAO, the ecological value of species should be assessed in terms of protection status, species distribution, and rarity. For fauna species, criteria relating to these three aspects were considered, such as being protected under Cap. 170 (except birds), Cap. 586, and/or regional/global legislations/conventions (i.e. the protection status), whether they are an endemic species (i.e. species distribution and being considered rare or restricted, and highlighted in publications such as Fellowes et al. (2002) (i.e. rarity). References were also made to those protected by law in China. Flora species are considered of conservation importance when it is protected/listed under the regional/global legislations/conventions (e.g. listed under Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance (Cap. 586); Forestry Regulations; Category I or II protected species in mainland China; listed by IUCN (2021) or CITES), and concerned due to species distribution and rarity (e.g. considered rare by Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) (2021); Xing et al. (2000); Wu and Lee (2000); or Siu (2000). However, this excludes exotic weeds, escaped cultivars or captive species, vagrants and introduced species which have lower ecological value. Species which are classified by IUCN as Near Threatened (NT), Least Concern (LC), Data Deficient (DD), or Not Evaluated (NE), and not covered by any other laws/regulations/conventions are not considered of conservation importance in the present EcoIA.

2.2.4 The species identified as having conservation importance are further categorized in accordance with their relevancy with the identified impacts, and the potential impacts on them were assessed in accordance with the TM-EIAO criteria.


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2.3 Literature Review

2.3.1 A literature review was conducted to characterize the existing conditions within

the Study Area and to identify habitats and species of potential importance in the area. The literature included Government and private sector reports, independent and Government published literature, academic studies, vegetation maps and land use maps. Reviewed information included, but not be limited to, the following:

⚫ Outline Zoning Plan ⚫ Historical and latest government aerial photos ⚫ Hong Kong Biodiversity Database ⚫ Rare and Precious Plant of Hong Kong ⚫ Hong Kong Biodiversity – Newsletter of AFCD ⚫ Memoirs of Hong Kong Natural History Society ⚫ Porcupine! – Newsletter of Department of Ecology and Biodiversity,

University of Hong Kong

2.4 Ecological Field Surveys 2.4.1 Ecological baseline survey covering both dry and wet seasons were conducted

between January and July 2021. The surveys covered mapping of habitats, and field surveys of flora, terrestrial fauna, aquatic fauna and intertidal fauna. Standard sampling techniques and appropriate equipment were employed during the ecological surveys for the Project making reference to TM-EIAO requirement. Data analyses and discussion were made on habitats and species found in the Study Area, highlighting those that are rare, of conservation importance, or protected by law. The ecological condition of habitats and the conservation value of flora and fauna recorded within the Study Area were evaluated.

2.4.2 The ecological survey programme is listed in Table 2.1. Details of survey

methodology of each group were given as follows. Conservation status (including AFCD Assessment, IUCN Redlist, China Red Data Book, Fellowes et al. (2002), CITES, Cap. 170 and Cap. 586) of all species made reference to AFCD Hong Kong Biodiversity Database (2021).

Table 2.1 Ecological survey programme

Survey Type 2021

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul

Habitat mapping & vegetation D D

Avifauna D D&N D D&N D D&N D

Terrestrial mammal D&N D&N D&N D&N D&N D&N D&N

Herpetofauna D&N D&N D&N D&N

Dragonfly & butterfly D D D D

Freshwater aquatic fauna D&N D&N D&N

Supplementary intertidal fauna D D Notes: D: Daytime survey N: Night survey

Habitat and vegetation survey

2.4.3 Habitats within the Study Area were mapped based on government latest aerial photos and field ground-truthing. Representative areas of each habitat type and the proposed Application Site were surveyed on foot. Plant species of each habitat type encountered and their relative abundance were recorded with


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special attention to rare or protected species. Nomenclature and conservation status of plant species followed Xing et al. (2000), Wu and Lee (2000) and Siu (2000).

Avifauna survey

2.4.4 The avifauna of each habitat types within the Study Area was surveyed using transect method (Figure 2.1). Both day and night-time surveys were carried out. The daytime avifauna survey was carried out in the early morning at the period of peak bird activity, while the night survey was conducted to record nocturnal avifauna (e.g., owls). The presence and abundance of avifauna species at various habitats was recorded visually and aurally. Observations were made using binoculars (at least 8x) and photographic records were taken, if possible. All birds seen within 10 m from either side of the survey transect were identified and counted. Bird species encountered outside survey locations but within the Study Area were also recorded. The location(s) of any avifauna species of conservation importance encountered were recorded, along with notable behaviour. Ornithological nomenclature in this study followed the latest Hong Kong Bird Watching Society List of Hong Kong Birds (2021).

Butterflies and dragonflies survey

2.4.5 Butterflies and Odonates of different habitats within the Study Area were surveyed using transect count method (Figure 2.1). The survey transects covered all representative habitats recorded within the Study Area, as well as the Application Site. Butterflies and odonates within 10 m from either side of the survey transect were identified and counted with the aid of a pair of binoculars (at least 8x) with short focal length. Butterflies and odonates encountered outside transects but within the Study Area were recorded in order to produce a complete species list. Nomenclature for butterflies followed Chan et al. (2011), and odonates nomenclature followed Tam et al. (2011). Herpetofauna survey (reptiles and amphibians)

2.4.6 Herpetofauna surveys (including day and night-time surveys) were carried out. The surveys were conducted through direct observation and active searching in all potential hiding places such as among leaf litter, inside holes, under stones and logs within the Study Area. During the surveys, all reptiles and amphibians sighted and heard were recorded. Auditory detection of species-specific calls was used to survey frogs and toads during night surveys. Nomenclature and status used for reptiles follows Karen et al. (1998) and Chan et al. (2006) while that of amphibians followed Chan et al. (2006). Terrestrial Mammal survey

2.4.7 Mammal surveys (including day and night-time surveys) were carried out. The survey covered all representative habitats within the Study Area, as well as the Application Site. All sightings, tracks, and signs of mammals (including droppings) were actively searched within the Study Area. Night survey was conducted to survey nocturnal mammal species (e.g., bats). Three infrared cameras were deployed to survey cryptic species. Nomenclature for mammals followed Shek (2006).

Freshwater community survey

2.4.8 Aquatic fauna, including freshwater macro-invertebrates and fishes, were identified and studied by direct observation and active searching. The survey was carried out along the watercourse within the Study Area as well as sampling points (Figure 2.1). Organisms, mostly fish and aquatic macro-invertebrates (e.g. freshwater crabs & shrimps, freshwater molluscs and aquatic insect larvae) were recorded and identified.


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Supplementary intertidal survey

2.4.9 As the proposed Project only includes land-based works, marine ecological surveys are considered not necessary. Only qualitative Intertidal fauna in the intertidal shore within the Study Area were studied by active searching and direct observation, to produce a comprehensive species lists as well as the corresponding relative abundance of the Study Area. The conservation status (including local, regional and international such as China Redlist and IUCN Redlist) of the recorded biota was provided, if present. Organisms encountered were recorded and their relative abundance noted.

2.5 Impact Assessment

2.5.1 An ecological impact assessment was conducted to assess the impacts of the

proposed development upon terrestrial and aquatic ecology. 2.5.2 The objectives of this EcoIA are as follows:

• to identify and evaluate potential ecological impacts during construction and operation,

• where needed, to propose mitigation measures to minimize potential adverse impacts for the Project.

2.5.3 Although not a formal statutory EIA, the assessment made reference to the

criteria and guidelines as stated in Annexes 8 and 16 of the TM-EIAO. This EcoIA was submitted as part of the technical assessment for the Section 16 Planning Application.

3. RESULTS

3.1 Literature Review

Recognized Sites of Conservation Importance

Sai Kung East Country Park

3.1.1 Sai Kung East Country Park occupies a vast area of east Sai Kung Peninsula and High Island. Grassy slopes are a special feature of this country park, most peaks are covered by dense grassy vegetation. Dominant grassland plants are Arundinella nepalensis, Ischaemum arstatum glaucum and Dicranopteris linearis. While Melastoma candidum, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Baeckea frutescens, Eurya nitida and Gordonia axillaris are widely distributed in the shrublands. Rare species like Enkianthus quinqueflorus, Lilium brownii and Podocarpus macrophyllus are found occasionally in the country park. Mammal species such as Small Asian Porcupine, Chinese Pangolin, Masked Palm Civet, Chinese Leopard Cat were also recorded. The Application Site is surrounded by this country park. Conservation Area

3.1.2 The Study Area (including the Application Site) and the surrounding hillsides are covered by the Draft Pak Lap Outline Zoning Plan (OZP) No. S/SK-PL/3, and all of the Application Site is within “Agriculture” zone. According to the Explanatory Statement of the OZP, the zone is intended primarily to retain and safeguard good quality Agricultural Land/farm/fish ponds for agricultural purposes. It is also intended to retain fallow arable land with good potential for rehabilitation for cultivation and other agricultural purposes.


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3.1.3 Patches of “Conservation Area” (“CA”) are located outside the Application Site boundary, which are located within the Study Area. This zoning is intended to protect and retain the existing natural landscape, ecological or topographical features of the area for conservation, education and research purposes.

Draft Pak Lap Outline Zoning Plan NO. S/SK-PL/B

3.1.4 According to Director of Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation (DAFC), most of the flora and fauna recorded in the Area and the adjacent Sai Kung East Country Park (SKECP) are common and widespread species. Though the Area is not considered exceptional in terms of biodiversity or ecological importance, the wooded areas (including lowland forest and mixed shrubland) at the periphery of the Area form a continuous stretch of well-established vegetation with those located in the adjoining SKECP and are ecologically-linked to the natural habitats therein. In particular, a protected plant species, Pavetta hongkongensis, has been recorded in the woodland near the village. A small colony of the rare Ceratopteris thalictroides were recorded in the wet abandoned fields and its occurrence is subject to site conditions.

3.2 Results of Field Survey

Habitat

3.2.1 The Application Site was dominated by Turfgrass Land. There were eleven types of habitats identified within the Study Area, namely Agricultural Land, Developed Area, Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond), Marsh, Plantation, Sea, Shrubland/Grassland, Sandy/Rubble Shore, Turfgrass Land, Watercourse and Woodland. Among these habitats, seven habitats, namely Agricultural Land, Developed Area, Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond), Plantation, Turfgrass land and Woodland were also found within the Application Site (Figures 3.1 and 3.2). Size of each habitat is shown in Table 3.1.

3.2.2 A small patch of Agricultural Land was identified at the northwest corner of the Application Site. This habitat was planted with Tulipa gesneriana during the dry season survey while left abandoned during the wet season survey.

3.2.3 Developed Area was found to the west and the northeast of the Application Site. This habitat consisted of anthropogenic structures such as houses, construction site and open area. This habitat was prone to human disturbance and vegetation recorded were mainly landscape species such as Sansevieria trifasciata and Zanthoxylum piperitum and weedy species such as Emilia sonchifolia and Oxalis debilis subsp. corymbosa.

3.2.4 A small Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond) was located at the northwest corner within the Application Site. This pond was man-made and made of stones and gravels, the water inside was supplied by a duct. Landscape species, Nymphaea spp., was planted inside. Besides, the pond bund was colonized by hydrophilic herb species such as Ludwigia hyssopifolia and Alternanthera sessilis.

3.2.5 A patch of Marsh was found at the northwest of the Study Area outside the Application Site. Based on the survey map, this patch was developed from abandoned agricultural land. This patch of marsh receives freshwater input from a perennial stream flowing downslope from hills but was not incessantly inundated throughout the entire year. This habitat was dominated by wetland-dependent and hydrophilic herb species. During the dry season survey, most of the area of the marsh was not inundated but wet, the dominant flora species included Eleocharis acutangular, Philydrum lanuginosum and Rotala


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rotundifolia. During the wet season survey, this habitat was fully inundated and was largely dominated by Panicum dichotomiflorum, and other common species such as Hedyotis diffusa, Isachne globosa and Philydrum lanuginosum. Only few terrestrial flora species such as Glochidion spp. and Psychotria asiatica were found at the boundary of the marsh and these terrestrial species were absent in the central area of the marsh, indicating there was no evidence showing the marsh was drying up.

3.2.6 Patches of Plantation were found to the northwest and the south of the Application Site. Both native trees (such as Mallotus paniculatus and Sapium sebiferum) and exotic trees (such as Casuarina equisetifolia and Lophostemon confertus) were planted in this habitat. Native herbs and shrubs, such as Callicarpa nudiflora and Psychotria asiatica, were found regenerating in the understory.

3.2.7 Sea was located at the south boundary of the Study Area. No vegetation was recorded in this habitat.

3.2.8 Shrubland/Grassland was found near the boundary of the Study Area and was located to the east, west and north of the Application Site. This habitat is undergoing secondary succession and its species composition is highly typical of other shrubland/grassland in Hong Kong. Dicranopteris pedata, a pioneer fern species, formed dense cover over part of the shrubland/grassland. Shrub species, Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, and climber species, Dendrotrophe varians and Melodinus suaveolens, could also be commonly encountered in this habitat.

3.2.9 Sandy/Rubble Shore was located to the south of the Application Site. With the continuous exposure to intertidal waves, vegetation was sparsely found. Some coastal plants such as Clerodendrum inerme and Vitex rotundifolia were recorded. Several individuals of Casuarina equisetifolia were also planted in this habitat.

3.2.10 A piece of Turfgrass Land was situated within the Application Site and was the major habitat within the Application Site. This habitat was man-made and planted with turfgrass Axonopus compressus. It was originated from abandoned Agricultural Land existed in the past. Other common species encountered included some naturally colonized herb species such as Cynodon dactylon, Panicum dichotomiflorum and Wedelia trilobata. Irrigation ditches were identified at the eastern part of the Turfgrass Land. These ditches were dry during the dry season survey but flowed with low volume of water during the wet season survey. The ditches within the Turfgrass Land inhabited several of hydrophilic herb species, such as Ludwigia hyssopifolia, Bacopa monnieri and Alternanthera sessilis, during wet season.

3.2.11 A Watercourse was identified to the west closely adjacent to the Application Site, which is modified in nature. The bank and the bed of this watercourse composed of stones and gravels. Landscape species Nymphaea spp. and Echinodorus grandifloras were planted. Besides, hydrophilic species such as Commelina diffusa and Isachne globosa were found colonizing the bank of the watercourse.

3.2.12 Woodland stands were identified surrounding the Application Site. The tree canopies reached 8 to 12 meters, and were dominated by common native lowland forest species such as Cinnamomum camphora, Schefflera heptaphylla and Sterculia lanceolata. The understorey was dense and


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consisted of shade-tolerant shrubs, such as Ardisia lindleyana and Desmos chinensis, and herbs, such as Pteris semipinnata and Cyclosorus parasiticus. Climbers were also commonly encountered in this habitat, the representative species are Uvaria macrophylla, Tetracera asiatica and Zanthoxylum nitidum.

Table 3.1 Habitats recorded within the Study Area

Habitat Size (ha)

Within Study Area Within Application Site

Agricultural Land 0.070 0.049

Developed Area 1.21 0.027

Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond)

0.0056 0.0056

Marsh 0.187 -

Plantation 0.574 0.029

Sandy/Rubble Shore 0.774 -

Sea 0.152 -

Shrubland/Grassland 2.57 -

Turfgrass Land 1.26 1.23

Watercourse 0.108 -

Woodland 3.79 0.045

Total 10.7 1.39

Vegetation

3.2.13 Woodland stands were identified surrounding the Application Site. The tree canopies reached 8 to 12 meters, and were dominated by common native lowland forest species such as Cinnamomum camphora, Schefflera heptaphylla and Sterculia lanceolata. The understorey was dense and consisted of shade-tolerant shrubs, such as Ardisia lindleyana and Desmos chinensis, and herbs, such as Pteris semipinnata and Cyclosorus parasiticus. Climbers were also commonly encountered in this habitat, the representative species are Uvaria macrophylla, Tetracera asiatica and Zanthoxylum nitidum.

3.2.14 A total of 198 plant species were recorded within the Study Area, among which 148 and 44 are known to be native and exotic to Hong Kong respectively and the remaining 6 species are of uncertain origin (Appendix A). Ceratopteris thalictroides, Diospyros vaccinioides and Pavetta hongkongensis are the three flora species of conservation importance recorded within the Study Area. Locations of these species of conservation importance within the Study Area are shown in Figure 3.3.

3.2.15 Casuarina equisetifolia, Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis and Ocimum basilicum were exotic to Hong Kong and not considered of conservation importance, despite being considered rare/ very rare by Corlett et al. (2000), listed as vulnerable/endangered in Threatened Species List of China's Higher Plants, listed as vulnerable in China Plant Red Data Book and/or listed under Category II in the List of Wild Plants under State Protection (Part 1).

3.2.16 Michelia x alba is protected under Cap. 96A Forestry Regulations, however, the recorded individual was cultivated thus it is not considered of conservation importance. In additional, this species is exotic to Hong Kong.

3.2.17 Eleocharis acutangula is regarded as rare by Corlett et al. (2000) but common by Yip et al. (2010). The difference in rarity provided by different literature does not support this species to be considered of conservation importance.


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3.2.18 Three individuals of Ceratopteris thalictroides were found at the bund of the

Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond) and two clusters were found at the bank of the ditches of the Turfgrass Land within the Application Site. Four clusters of Ceratopteris thalictroides were also found at the bank of Marsh habtiat outside the Application Site. Ceratopteris thalictroides is a rare herb in Hong Kong (Corlett et al. 2000), it is also listed in the Rare and Precious Plants of Hong Kong (Vulnerable in China). In addition, wild individuals of Ceratopteris thalictroides are protected under State Protection (Category II).

3.2.19 Individuals of Diospyros vaccinioides were found in shrubland/grassland outside the Application Site but within the Study Area. Diospyros vaccinioides is a shrub that is very common in the shrublands of Hong Kong (Corlett et al. 2000). Overexploitation of wild individuals of Diospyros vaccinioides for ornamental uses, especially in Taiwan, leads to its critically endangered status in the IUCN Red List (IUCN 2021).

3.2.20 Several individuals of Pavetta hongkongensis were found in the plantation and woodland outside the Application Site but within the Study Area. Pavetta hongkongensis is a common shrub or small tree species found in the fung shui woods and lowland forests of Hong Kong (Corlett et al. 2000) and scheduled under Forestry Regulations (Cap. 96A).

Avifauna

3.2.21 Forty-six species of bird were recorded within the Study Area (Appendix B). Nine species are considered of conservation importance. These included Von Schrenck's Bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus, Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus, Great Egret Ardea alba, Little Egret Egretta garzetta, Black Kite Milvus migrans, Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus, Collared Scops Owl Otus lettia, Brown Fish Owl Ketupa zeylonensis, Chinese Hwamei Garrulax canorus. Only Black Kites were recorded in the Application Site, other avifauna species of conservation importance were recorded outside the Application Site. Locations of sightings of these species are shown in Figure 3.3.

3.2.22 One Von Schrenck's Bittern was recorded in the Watercourse within the Study Area. This species is scarce passage migrant. Found in Tai Long Wan, Luk Keng, Long Valley and is considered of “Regional Concern” (Fellowes et al., 2002).

3.2.23 Seven Chinese Pond Heron were recorded within the Study Area, two of them

were recorded in Developed Area, and five of them were recorded in Marsh to the northwest of the Application Site within the Study Area. This species is considered of “Potential Regional Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002). One Great Egret and one Little Egret were recorded in the Marsh. These two species are also considered of “Potential Regional Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002).”

3.2.24 Twelve Black Kite were recorded soaring above the Turfgrass Land within the

Application Site and one Black Kite was soaring above the Shrubland/Grassland to the west of the Application Site within the Study Area. This species is considered of “regional concern” (Fellows et al. 2002) and listed in the Appendix 2 of CITES. However, it is a common resident and winter visitor, widely distributed in Hong Kong.

3.2.25 One Northern Lapwing was recorded in the Marsh within the Study Area. This

species is a scarce winter visitor. This species is considered of “Local Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002) and “Near Threatened” (IUCN Red List).


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3.2.26 One Collared Scops Owl was recorded in the Woodland to the east of the

Application Site within the Study Area. This species is common resident and is widely distributed in shrubland throughout Hong Kong. This species is considered of “Class 2 Protected Animal of China” and “Appendix 2 of CITES”.

3.2.27 Two Brown Fish Owl were recorded in the Marsh within the Study Area. This

species is a scarce resident. This species is Class 2 Protected Animal of China and is considered of “Regional Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002). It is also listed as Appendix 2 of CITES and “Endangered” in Red List of China's Vertebrates.

3.2.28 One Chinese Hwamei was recorded in the Woodland to the southwest of the

Application Site. This species is a common resident and is widely distributed in hillside shrubland throughout Hong Kong. It is considered of Appendix 2 of CITES. Butterflies and dragonflies

3.2.29 Thirty-four species of butterfly (Appendix C) and thirteen species of dragonfly (Appendix D) were recorded within the Study Area. Most are common and very common in Hong Kong. There was no butterfly species of conservation importance found within the Study Area.

3.2.30 Three Dingy Dusk-hawker Gynacantha subinterrupta were recorded in the Marsh within the Study Area. This species is considered of “Local Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002). One Blue Sprite Pseudagrion microcephalum was recorded in the Watercourse within the Study Area. This species is considered of “Local Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002). Herpetofauna

3.2.31 Nine species of herpetofauna including three reptile and six amphibian species were recorded within the Study Area (Appendix E and Appendix F). Among these, only one species of conservation importance, Chinese Bullfrog Hoplobatrachus chinensis was recorded in the Turfgrass Land and Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond) within the Application Site, and in the Marsh and Watercourse within the Study Area (Figure 3.3).

3.2.32 Chinese Bullfrog is Class 2 Protected Animal of China, and considered of “potential regional concern” by Fellowes et al. (2002). It is a lowland species and mainly occurs in Agricultural Land, ponds, streams and marshes in Hong Kong (Chan et al. 2005). This species is widely distributed in Lantau Island and New Territories.

Terrestrial Mammal 3.2.33 Six species of mammal were recorded in the Study Area either by direction

observation or through infrared cameras (Appendix G). These included Domestic Ox Bos Taurus, Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris, Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis, East Asian Porcupine Hystrix brachyuran, Eurasian Wild Pig Sus scrofa and Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica.

3.2.34 The domestic ox were recorded in the Developed Area, Marsh and Woodland within the Study Area. Domestic Dog was recorded in the Marsh within the Study Area and Eurasian Wild Pig were recorded in the Marsh and Woodland within the Study Area.

3.2.35 Three mammal species of conservation importance were recorded within the

Study Area. One Leopard Cat was recorded in the dried Marsh within the Study


Ecosystems Ltd. 11

Area. This species is widely distributed in forested areas throughout Hong Kong and is considered of “Vulnerable” in China Red Data Book Status and “Vulnerable” in Red List of China’s Vertebrate.

3.2.36 East Asian Porcupine were recorded in the dried Marsh and Woodland within

the Study Area. This species is considered of “Potential Global Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002).

3.2.37 Six Small Indian Civet were recorded in the dried Marsh within the Study Area.

This species is considered of Class 2 Protected Animal of China, and “Vulnerable” in Red List of China's Vertebrate. Aquatic Fauna

3.2.38 A total of 7 fish species and 6 invertebrate species were recorded in the watercourse within the Study Area but outside the Application Site (Appendix H). Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Redbelly Tilapia Tilapia zillii and Chinese Barb Puntius semifasciolatus were the dominant species. Most of the recorded species are common and widespread in Hong Kong. Giant Mottled Eel Anguilla marmorata was the only species of conservation importance recorded. Location of sighting is shown in Figure 3.3.

3.2.39 Giant Mottled Eel was recorded in the Watercourse within the Study Area but outside the Application Site. This species is considered as “Global Concern” (Fellowes et al. 2002) and “Endangered” in China Red Data Book (Lee et al. 2004). Giant Mottled Eel has been recorded from Lantau Island, Sai Kung and Tsuen Wan. Intertidal Fauna

3.2.40 A total of Twenty-three intertidal organisms were found in the sandy/rubble shore during the surveys. Echinolittorina radiata and Ligia exotica were the dominant species (Appendix I).

3.2.41 No species of conservation importance was recorded during the intertidal surveys. All species recorded were considered to be common and widespread as in other intertidal shores in Hong Kong.

3.2.42 Selected photos of flora and fauna species of conservation importance are

shown in Figure 3.4.

3.3 Evaluation of Habitats and Species of Conservation Importance

3.3.1 The ecological importance of the habitats and wildlife identified within the Study

Area during the survey are evaluated in accordance with the TM-EIAO Annex 8 criteria, and presented in Tables 3.2 to 3.11. The evaluation of terrestrial baseline ecological resources of the Study Area was based on the literature review, ecological baseline information from present ecological survey, including habitat and vegetation, birds, stream fauna and other wildlife surveys.

3.3.2 In accordance with Table 3, Annex 8 of the TM-EIAO, the ecological value of

species was assessed in terms of protection status (e.g. fauna protected under WAPO (except birds), and flora and fauna protected under regional/global legislations/conventions), species distribution (e.g. endemic), and rarity (e.g. rare or restricted) (Tables 3.12 - 3.13).

Proposed Sai Kung Pak Lap Nature Education Park Ecological Impact Assessment at Various Lots in DD 368, Pak Lap, Sai Kung October 2020

Ecosystems Ltd. 12

Table 3.2 Evaluation of the Application Site

Criteria

Habitats within the Application Site

Agricultural Land

Developed Area

Agricultural Land (Lotus

Pond) Plantation Turfgrass Land Woodland

Naturalness Man-made

habitat Man-made

habitat Man-made habitat Semi-natural

Man-made habitat, originated from

abandoned Agricultural Land

Natural

Size (ha) / length 0.049 0.027 0.0056 0.029 1.23 0.045

Diversity Low for flora and fauna

Low for flora and fauna





Rarity None for flora

None for fauna

None for flora

None for fauna

1 floral species of conservation importance: Ceratopteris

thalictroides; 1 faunal species of

conservation importance:

Chinese Bullfrog

None for flora

None for fauna

1 floral species of conservation importance: Ceratopteris thalictroides;

1 faunal species of conservation

importance:Black Kite soaring above the Turfgrass Land

None for flora

None for fauna

Re-creatability Readily re-creatable

Readily re-creatable


Readily re-creatable but trees need time to

grow and mature


Readily re-creatable but trees need time to grow and mature

Fragmentation None None None

Low. Patch of plantation at south is

separated from that at the north

None None


Ecosystems Ltd. 13

Criteria

Habitats within the Application Site

Agricultural Land

Developed Area

Agricultural Land (Lotus

Pond) Plantation Turfgrass Land Woodland

Ecological linkage Adjacent to the

woodland

Little ecological linkage to adjacent habitats

Not functionally linked to habitats of conservation

importance

Adjacent to the woodland uphill

Not ecologically linked to habitats

Ecologically linked to other terrestrial

habitats

Potential value Low Very Low Low Low Very Low Medium

Nursery/breeding ground

No significant observation

No significant observation due to high

level of disturbance

No significant observation.

Limited due to its high level of

disturbance, its landscape

function and the limited size of water body.




Age N/A N/A Less than 6

months N/A N/A N/A

Abundance/ richness of

wildlife

Very low abundance for flora and fauna

Very low abundance for

flora and fauna

Very Low

Mixture of native and exotic tree species.

Relatively low abundance of wildlife

Low abundance for flora and fauna

Native forest tree species.

Overall ecological value of the Project Site

Very Low Very Low Very Low Low Very Low Moderate


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Table 3.3 Evaluation of Agricultural Land within the Study Area

Criterion Description

Naturalness Man-made habitat, mostly active

Size 0.07 ha


Rarity None for flora and fauna

Re-creatability Easy to recreate

Fragmentation None

Ecological linkage Not functionally linked to habitats of conservation importance

Potential value Low



Age N/A

Abundance/richness of wildlife

Very Low

Overall ecological value

Very Low

Table 3.4 Evaluation of Developed Area within the Study Area


Naturalness Man-made habitat

Size 1.21 ha


Rarity None for flora; Chinese Pond Heron was found flying over the Developed Area.


Fragmentation None


Potential value Very Low


No significant observation. None due to existing disturbance and low vegetation cover.

Age N/A


Very Low


Very Low

Table 3.5 Evaluation of Marsh within the Study Area Criterion Description

Naturalness Semi-natural, possibly succeed from abandoned paddy field

Size 0.187 ha

Diversity Low for flora; Moderate for fauna

Rarity

1 floral species of conservation importance: Ceratopteris thalictroides (records from literature review);

10 fauna species of conservation importance: Chinese Pond Heron, Great Egret, Little Egret, Northern Lapwing, Brown Fish Owl, Dingy Dusk-hawker, Chinese Bullfrog, Leopard Cat, East Asian Porcupine and Small Indian Civet.

Re-creatability Readily to be recreated but take times to mature and requires suitable hydrological conditions.

Fragmentation None


Potential value Moderate to high


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No significant observation. Limited due to seasonal change of water level and limited diversity of flora.

Age N/A


Moderate to high


Moderate to high

Table 3.6 Evaluation of Plantation within the Study Area


Naturalness Man-made habitat

Size 0.574 ha

Diversity Moderate for flora and low for fauna

Rarity Floral species of conservation importance: Pavetta hongkongensis; no faunal species of conservation importance.


Fragmentation Low. Exist as several patches around village areas.

Ecological linkage Northern patch of the plantation is adjacent to the habitats of Marsh and Watercourse that are with higher ecological values.

Potential value Moderate due to its ecological linkage to the Marsh existed in the north of the Study Area..



Age N/A


Moderate


Moderate

Table 3.7 Evaluation of Sandy/Rubble Shore within the Study Area


Naturalness Semi – natural habitat due to frequent re-work by the campers

Size 0.774 ha


Rarity None for flora and fauna species of conservation importance.

Re-creatability Not readily re-creatable

Fragmentation None


Potential value Low


No significant observation. Limited due low vegetation cover

Age N/A


Low


Low

Table 3.8 Evaluation of Sea within the Study Area Criterion Description

Naturalness Natural habitat

Size 0.152 ha


Rarity None for flora and fauna species of conservation importance.

Re-creatability Not readily re-creatable


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Fragmentation None


Potential value Low



Age N/A


Low


Low

Table 3.9 Evaluation of Shrubland/Grassland within the Study Area


Naturalness Fairly natural

Size 2.57 ha

Diversity Low to Moderate flora and fauna diversity

Rarity Floral species of conservation importance: Diospyros vaccinioides; no faunal species of conservation importance.


Fragmentation None


Potential value Moderate interplant with native species



Age Young


Low


Low to moderate

Table 3.10 Evaluation of Watercourse within the Study Area

Criterion Watercourse

Naturalness Semi - natural

Size (length) 0.108 ha (454m)

Diversity Low diversity of aquatic fauna

Rarity 4 fauna species of conservation importance included Von Schrenck's Bittern, Blue Sprite, Chinese Bullfrog and Giant Mottled Eel.

Re-creatability Not re-creatable

Fragmentation Low. The lower section is fragmented.

Ecological linkage Ecologically linked to the Marsh

Potential value Moderate


Not observable

Age N/A


Moderate


Moderate


Ecosystems Ltd. 17

Table 3.11 Evaluation of Woodland within the Study Area


Naturalness Fairly natural

Size 3.79 ha

Diversity Moderate floral and faunal diversity

Rarity One Floral species of conservation importance: Pavetta hongkongensis; two Faunal species of conservation importance: Chinese Hwamei and East Asian Porcupine.

Re-creatability Readily to be recreated but take times to mature

Fragmentation Low. A patch of Woodland existed to the west of the village area

Ecological linkage Functionally linked to other terrestrial habitats

Potential value Moderate with native plant species



Age N/A


Moderate


Moderate

Table 3.12 Evaluation of Flora Species of Conservation Importance

Scientific Name Protection Status 2 3 4 5 Distribution1 Rarity1 Locations

Ceratopteris thalictroides

Rare and Precious Plants of Hong Kong (Vulnerable in China) 2

State Protection (category II) 3

Wetlands. Sam A Tsuen, Lai Chi Chong, Kam Tin, Po Toi Island and Ping Chau (Mirs Bay)

Rare

Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond) and Turfgrassland within the Application Site and the Marsh within the Study Area.

Diospyros vaccinioides IUCN Red List: Critically Endangered 4

Shrubland Very common Shrubland/grassland within the Study Area

Pavetta hongkongensis Cap. 96A 5 Fung shui woods and lowland forest

Common Plantation and Woodland within the Study Area

Notes: 1. Corlett et al. (2000). Hong Kong vascular plants: distribution and status. 2. Hu et al. (2003). Rare and Precious Plants of Hong Kong.

3. State Forestry Administration & Ministry of Agriculture. (1999). List of Wild Plants under State Protection (Part 1).

4. International Union of Conservation for Nature. (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-

1.

5. Cap. 96A Forestry Regulation.


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Table 3.13 Evaluation of Fauna Species of Conservation Importance

Common name & Scientific name

Protection status / Concern Level

Distribution 4 Rarity 4 Locations / Habitats

Local laws

Regional laws 1

IUCN 2/ China Red List 3

Fellowes et al. 2002

Birds

(*all wild birds are protected under Cap.170 and thus not listed individually)

Von Schrenck's Bittern

Ixobrychus eurhythmus RC

Scarce passage migrant.

Found in Tai Long Wan,

Luk Keng, Long Valley.

Scarce

passage

migrant

Study Area

(Watercourse)

Chinese Pond Heron

Ardeola bacchus RC

Widely distributed in Hong

Kong

Common

resident

Study Area

(Developed Area,

Marsh)

Great Egret

Ardea alba RC


Kong

Common

resident and

inter visitor

Study Area

(Marsh)

Little Egret

Egretta garzetta RC

Widely distributed in

coastal area throughout

Hong Kong

Common

resident

Study Area

(Marsh)

Black Kite

Milvus migrans RC


Kong

Common

resident

Application Site

(Turfgrass Land)

Study Area

(Shrubland/Grass

land)

Northern Lapwing

Vanellus vanellus

IUCN Red List

Status: Near

Threatened

LC

Found in Mai Po, Long

Valley, Chek Lap Kok, Ho

Chung, Tai Long Wan, Tai

Po, Castle Peak coast

Scarce winter

visitor

Study Area

(Marsh)

Collared Scops Owl

Otus lettia

Cap.

586

Class 2 Protected

Animal of China;

Appendix 2 of

CITES


shrubland throughout Hong

Kong

Common

resident

Study Area

(Woodland)

Brown Fish Owl

Ketupa zeylonensis

Cap.

586

Class 2 Protected

Animal of China;

Appendix 2 of

CITES; Red List

of China's

Vertebrates:

Endangered

RC

Found in Discovery Bay,

Pak Tam Chung, Tai Tan,

Yung Shue O, Sham

Chung

Scarce resident Study Area

(Marsh)

Chinese Hwamei

Garrulax canorus

Cap.

586

Appendix 2 of

CITES

Widely distributed in hillside

shrubland throughout Hong

Kong

Common

resident

Study Area

(Woodland)

Dragonflies

Dingy Dusk-hawker

Gynacantha subinterrupta LC

Hong Kong Wetland Park,

Lantau, Ping Shan Chai,

Sha Lo Tung and Tai Mo

Shan

Common Study Area

(Marsh)

Blue Sprite

Pseudagrion microcephalum LC

Kai Kuk Shue Ha, Kau Sai

Chau, Lai Chi Wo, Mai Po,

Mui Wo, River Jhelum and

Tung Ping Chau

Common Study Area

(Watercourse)

Amphibian

Chinese Bullfrog

Hoplobatrachus chinensis

Class 2 Protected

Animal of China;

Red List of

China's

Vertebrates:

Endangered

PRC Widely distributed in Lantau

Island and New Territories.

Widely

distributed

Application Site

(Turfgrass Land,

Agricultural Land

(Lotus Pond)),

Study Area

(Marsh,

Watercourse)


Ecosystems Ltd. 19

Common name & Scientific name

Protection status / Concern Level

Distribution 4 Rarity 4 Locations / Habitats

Local laws

Regional laws 1

IUCN 2/ China Red List 3

Fellowes et al. 2002

Mammal

Leopard Cat

Prionailurus bengalensis

Cap.

170

China Red Data

Book Status:

Vulnerable, Red

List of China's

Vertebrate:

Vulnerable


forested areas throughout

Hong Kong, except Lantau

Island.

Widely

distributed

Study Area

(Marsh)

East Asian Porcupine

Hystrix brachyura

Cap.

170 PGC

Widespread throughout

most of Hong Kong, but no

record was found on

Lantau Island.

Widespread

throughout

most of Hong

Kong

Study Area

(Marsh,

Woodland)

Small Indian Civet

Viverricula indica

Cap.

170

Class 2 Protected

Animal of China,

Red List of

China's

Vertebrate:

Vulnerable


forested areas throughout

Hong Kong, except Lantau

Island.

Widely

distributed

Study Area

(Marsh)

Aquatic Fauna

Giant Mottled Eel

Anguilla marmorata

China Red Data

Book:

Endangered

GC

Records from Lantau

Island, Sai Kung and Tsuen

Wan.

- Study Area

(Watercourse)

Notes: Cap.170: Protected under Wild Animals Protection Ordinance Cap. 586: Protected under Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance Fellowes et al,.2002. - Level of concern: LC = Local Concern, PGC = Potential Global Concern, PRC = Potential Regional Concern, RC = Regional Concern, GC = Global Concern; Letters in parentheses indicate that the assessment is on the basis of restrictedness in breeding and/or roosting sites rather than in general occurrence 1: List of Wild Animals Under State Protection (promulgated by State Forestry Administration and Ministry of Agriculture on 14 January, 1989). 2: IUCN : IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2021) 3: Jiang et al. 2016. Red List of China’s Vertebrates. Biodiversity Science, 24 (5), 500-551 4: AFCD Biodiversity Database (2021)

4. IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION

4.1 Assessment Criteria

4.1.1 Ecological impacts of the proposed Project were assessed based upon the

ecological resources considered at risk from the proposed Project. Both negative and positive impacts were taken into account and assessed. Measures were developed to mitigate negative impacts, and residual impacts were predicted assuming implementation of all feasible mitigation measures. Impact assessment and planning of mitigation measures made reference to the Technical Memorandum on EIA Process (TM-EIAO).

4.1.2 The significance of ecological impacts was evaluated based primarily on the

criteria set forth in Table 1, Annexes 8 and 16 of the TM-EIAO:

• habitat quality;

• species affected;

• size/abundance of habitats/organisms affected;

• duration of impacts;

• reversibility of impacts; and


Ecosystems Ltd. 20

• magnitude of environmental changes. 4.1.3 Direct and indirect impacts are generally ranked as "minor", "moderate" or

"severe", although in a few cases a ranking of "insignificant" (less than "minor") may be given. The ranking of a given impact will vary based on the criteria listed above. For example, an impact might be ranked as "minor" if it affected only common species and habitats, or if it affected only small numbers of individuals or small areas, whereas it might be ranked as "severe" if it affected rare species or habitats, large numbers of individuals or large areas. The major factors giving rise to a ranking are explained in the text. As noted in Annex 16 of the TM-EIAO, a degree of professional judgment is involved in the evaluation of impacts.

4.2 Construction Phase Impacts

4.2.1 The construction works in relation to the proposed Project include the following

elements:

• Three blocks, of which two 4-storey blocks, a 1-storey block

• and a sewage treatment system.

Design Considerations

4.2.2 According to the Building Layout Plan (BLP), the proposed site coverage is about 12.4% of the Application Site. As advised by the design team, the majority of the Application Site will remain as open areas / activity lawn to enable a variety of outdoor learning activities as well as for occasional outdoor tent camping by some participants, thus, extensive site formation or construction works would not be required. The proposed building blocks are low-rise structures and this also minimised the construction intensity and duration of works. The location of Block 3 was also shifted westward to increase its distance from the woodland stands at the east of the Application Site. The building layout plan overlaid with the habitat map is shown in Figure 4.1. The ecological impacts are minimized as most of area within the Application Site will not be affected and the habitats covered by the proposed development are of very low to low ecological value. No areas of the Sai Kung East Country Park (SKECP) and Conservation Area zone will be encroached.

Habitat Loss

4.2.3 Habitat and vegetation loss due to site clearance for temporary works areas and grading for the site preparation within the Application Site will constitute to direct ecological impacts. Habitats anticipated to be affected within the Application Site include Agricultural Land, Developed Area, Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond), Plantation and Turfgrass Land.

4.2.4 Given that the proposed BLP only utilized small portions of the site for the construction of the proposed education facilities. The proposed scheme will not require site formation works and only minor regarding to enhance the Site’s flexibility to accommodate activities during varying seasonal conditions would be required. As a worst case scenario assuming the entire site will be reprofiled, the proposed project would result in loss of no more than 1.34 ha (Table 4.1). No additional works area will be required (i.e. no expansion works are required to the access road lead from Man Yee Road to the Application Site (through country park), the extent of which will be within the site boundary. The habitats inside the Application Site are of Very low to Low ecological values mostly, except the very small patch of Woodland is of Medium ecological value.


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Table 4.1 Estimated Habitat Loss within the Application Site

Habitat Size (ha) Ecological Value

Agricultural Land 0.0490 Very Low

Developed Area 0.0270 Very Low


0.0056 Very Low

Plantation 0.0290 Low

Turfgrass Land 1.23 Very Low

Total 1.32 -

4.2.5 Under the worst case scenario, there will be permanent loss of about 0.0490 ha

Agricultural Land, 0.0270 ha of Developed Area, 0.00560 of Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond), 0.0290 ha of Plantation and 1.23 ha of Turfgrass Land(Table 4.1). These habitats are all ranked as Very Low to Low ecological value as the diversity and abundance wildlife were Very Low to Low within the Application Site. Thus, permanent loss of these habitats above are considered Insignificant.

4.2.6 About 0.0450 ha of Woodland habitat is recorded inside the Application Site (Table 3.2). The ecological value of woodland within the Application Site is considered Moderate due to the records of mostly native tree species and its ecological linkage to the Woodland outside the Application Site but within the Study Area. However, as the BLP is designed to avoid all of the Woodland habitat with relatively higher ecological value than other habitats, no tree within the Woodland is planned to be fell under the Tree Recommendation Plan. The coverage of the existing trees are mostly located at the periphery of the site along the boundary areas, most of the trees are recommended to be retained according to Tree Recommendation Plan. Hence, due to the avoidance of the woodland in the BLP and the retention of trees, the potential ecological impact of Woodland within the Application Site is not anticipated and no mitigation measure is required.

Noise, Dust and Visual Disturbance

4.2.7 Although there are existing and temporary tents and shelters (made of metal and synthetic fabrics) that would require dismantling and transporting away before the construction works, demolition works would not be required due to the temporary nature of the structure. Noise, dust and visual disturbance will be generated during the construction phase of the Project. However, no percussive piling will be required, and the construction will be temporary, so that impacts from noise, dust and visual disturbance will be confined to areas adjacent to the construction site, and will not be permanent. The impact to the ecology in the vicinity of the Study Area such as Woodland and the Marsh with higher ecological values is considered Minor. Surface Water Sedimentation and Contamination

4.2.8 Potential impacts to nearby aquatic habitats during the construction phase would be impacted by surface runoff, especially during rainstorm. The surface runoff might be polluted by sedimentation from site surfaces; earth working areas and stockpiles; and chemical spillage such as lubrication oils, solvents and petroleum products from maintenance of construction machinery and equipment, and sewage from the construction workforce.

4.2.9 Elevated suspended solids levels caused by site runoff could increase the suspended solids load in the water bodies, and could decrease dissolved


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oxygen levels. A lower oxygen level would affect stationary species, whilst mobile species would tend to temporarily avoid the area. The result could be a temporary reduction in aquatic life abundance and/or change in distribution. The watercourse next to the Application Site is of moderate ecological value although the banks were modified. Without proper control of surface runoff, the potential impacts due to runoff to watercourse is considered Minor to Moderate. As mentioned above, no construction works are required in majority area of the site and the construction works for the project will be limited to area with building blocks. Good site practice is recommended to safeguard the stream water quality. Furthermore, the contractor must also comply with the standard site environmental control measures such as those specified in the Noise Control Ordinance, Air Quality Control Ordinance, Water Pollution Control Ordinance, etc., which would limit works related temporary disturbance to the works area and no significant off-site impacts are anticipated. Thus, indirect impact to nearby ecological resources are expected to be minimized.

Impacts on Species and Recognized Sites of Conservation Importance Flora

4.2.10 Only one floral species of conservation importance was recorded in the ditches of the Turfgrass Land within the Application Site. The potential impact to Ceratopteris thalictroides is ranked as Moderate, transplantation of these individuals is recommended.

4.2.11 For the floral species of conservation importance located outside Application Site, their locations are not affected by the Project, so the significance of ecological impact is considered Negligible. Fauna

4.2.12 One species of bird, Black Kite Milvus migrans, was recorded in the Application Site. The species was only present in low abundance and soaring above the Application Site. The low-rise building design also avoids the impacts to the flight of birds. This species is widely distributed throughout Hong Kong and is considered common resident under AFCD assessment in the AFCD Hong Kong Biodiversity Database (2021). Significant impact to this species due to the proposed Project is not anticipated.

4.2.13 One species of amphibian, Chinese Bullfrog Hoplobatrachus chinensis, was recorded within the Application Site. This species was only present in low abundance within the Application Site. There are sufficient natural habitats available outside the Application Site, including Watercourse and Marsh, significant impact to this species due to the Project is not anticipated.

4.2.14 For other fauna species of conservation importance recorded within the Study

Area, most of the species were recorded in the Marsh or uphill area outside Application Site and separated by Plantation, Developed Area or Woodland, and most of them are of high mobility. Hence, the potential impacts to these species are considered Minor. However, the fish species Giant Mottled Eel was recorded in the watercourse next to the Application Site, the potential impacts due to surface runoff during construction is considered Minor to Moderate and mitigation measures are proposed to reduce the impact ensuring the Giant Mottled Eel will not be adversely affected. Recognized Sites of Conservation Importance

4.2.15 Conservation Area zone is just next to and Sai Kung East Country Park is near to the Application Site. Due to the scale and nature of proposed Project, and


Ecosystems Ltd. 23

according to the proposed design of the Project, there would not have any new paths from the Application Site to these sites directly. Significant increase in disturbance to these recognized sites of conservation importance is not anticipated and the significant ecological impact is considered Negligible.

4.3 Operational Phase Impacts

Human Disturbance and Artificial Lighting

4.3.1 Potential indirect impacts during the operational phase including disturbance to wildlife and habitat by artificial lighting and human activities by increasing number of visitor. It is anticipated that the impact of human disturbance will be mainly confined to the Application Site and adjacent habitats. Since the Application Site comprised of Turfgrass Land with certain degree of disturbance, insurmountable impacts are not anticipated.

4.3.2 Besides, most activities during operational phase will be carried out in daytime and artificial lighting will be kept minimal and will be minimized by environmental sensitive lighting design that can avoid illumination to the wildlife habitats. Together with well-organized field trips and guided activities, potential impacts to ecological are considered Minor. Sewage and Drainage Discharge

4.3.3 The sewage from the proposed Project will be collected and properly treated in the on-site sewage treatment plant and no adverse water quality impact on the nearby watercourse is anticipated.

4.3.4 The Drainage Impact Assessment stated that the proposed development will result in a small increase in runoff due to the new buildings. The increased runoff is considered insignificant. No ecological impacts to the watercourse from the drainage are expected.

5. IMPACT AVOIDANCE, MINIMISATION AND MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 Impact Avoidance

5.1.1 The layout of the proposed development has avoided the habitats with

relatively higher ecological values, such as Woodland and the Marsh to the north of the Application Site. Also, the BLP has avoided all of the Woodland habitat that is with Moderate ecological value within the Application Site. Works should only be restricted within the site boundary. Conservation Area zone and the Country Park will also be avoided.

5.2 Impact Minimization 5.2.1 Good site management practices for air quality, noise and water quality to be

adopted by the Project will be adequate to minimize any potential indirect ecological impacts to the surrounding areas during both construction and operational phases. The mitigation measures should include:

• Implementation of mitigation measures specified in ProPECC PN 1/94 to control site runoff and drainage at all work sites during construction;

• Construction debris and spoil should be covered up and/or properly disposed of as soon as possible to avoid being washed into nearby waterbodies by rain;

• Good site practice and precautionary measures will also be implemented to avoid the potential impact due to site runoff.


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Construction effluent, site run-off and sewage should be properly collected and/or treated;

• Regular checking to ensure that the work site boundaries will not exceeded and that no damage occurs to surrounding areas;

• Prohibition and prevention of open fires within the work site boundary during construction;

• Implementation of noise control measures to reduce impact of construction noise to wildlife habitat adjacent works areas; and

• Implementation of dust control measures to minimize dust nuisance to adjacent wildlife habitat.

5.3 Impact Mitigation

Preservation and/or Transplantation of Plant Species of Conservation Importance

5.3.1 Preservation and/or transplantation of plant species of conservation importance including the Ceratopteris thalictroides should be conducted before any construction works. Priority should be given to on-site preservation, and followed by transplantation. It is noted that Ceratopteris thalictroides in the Study Area exhibited seasonality and it is occasional occurrence is subject to site conditions. For example, a few individuals naturally grown up in the Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond) which was only recently created in early 2021. Also, the individuals naturally frown up in wet season. It is proposed that prior to site clearance, the affected works area be surveyed for the present of the Ceratopteris thalictroides and any individual found be transplanted to the proposed Wetland Area at the south of the Application Site (Figure 4.2). Compensation Planting

5.3.2 On the other hand, according to the Landscape Master Plan, not less than 26% of the Site area will be planned for greenery. Tree-enclosed lawn will be implemented in these areas, and the fauna can colonize the restored habitats as they are habitat generalists. Native tree and shrub species including Cinnamomum burmannii, Sapium discolor, Sterculia lanceolata, Melastoma candidum, Rhaphiolepis indica, and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa are recommended in the planting list so as to enhance the ecological value of the proposed development. Defining and Maintaining Construction Site Boundary

5.3.3 Site fencing or equivalent should be erected along the interface with woodland habitat, to properly delineate the works area and screen and minimize the potential disturbance due to construction activities to the nearby habitats within Conservation Area and Country Park as well as the associated fauna during construction phase.

5.3.4 Good constriction site practice and management would avoid excessive outdoor lighting and glares. In order to minimize the lighting disturbance, adjusting the outdoor lighting to lower intensity is recommended. Besides, a balance between lighting for safety, and avoiding excessive lighting can be achieved through various practice, such as: the type of lamp (light source) used; use of directional lighting to avoid light spill into adjacent sensitive areas and control/timing of lighting periods of some facilities, particularly those close to the ecological sensitive receivers.

5.3.5 The same principal shall also apply to control the outdoor lighting during the operation phase. In particular, street lighting shall be installed at the ground level as far as possible, and those above ground shall follow government


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guidelines to minimise light spill and glare. It is suggested that deflectors are fixed to the back of the street lights to prevent additional light reaching the Marsh and the Woodland nearby. As for the building blocks, external lightings, other than those for security and safety purposes, are generally not required to be installed. Lighting for security and safety, for example, if required would direct inwards on buildings or ground surface.

5.4 Habitat Enhancement

5.4.1 The proposed development provided an unique opportunity for the consultancy

team to review the possibility of restoring wetland function within part of the Application Site so as to increase its overall ecological value. Being a park for educational purpose, the restored wetland could also service as an education model on wetland restoration for students, as well as for research works on wetland restoration processes. These give the Project Proponent strong incentives to establish a Wetland Restoration Area (WRA) and upkeep its environ. An Wetland Restoration Plan (WRP) providing the overall design, implementation and management plan for the proposed WRA is presented in Appendix J.elaborating

6. RESIDUAL IMPACTS 6.1.1 With the full implementation of all of the proposed mitigation, and

compensation measures in place, it would be expected that there would be no significant residual ecological impacts.

7. CONCLUSION

7.1.1 The proposed Project would result in loss of 1.32 ha of habitats of mostly Very

Low to Low ecological values, under the worst case scenario although actual loss is only limited to about 1.32 ha along the footprint of the proposed building blocks. The proposed Project would cause minor ecological impacts to habitats and species of conservation importance. Impact avoidance, minimization and mitigation measures are proposed. With implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, no residual impacts are anticipated.

8. REFERENCES

AFCD 2011. A Review of the Local Restrictedness of Hong Kong Butterflies. Annex 1. Active checklist of butterfly species in Hong Kong, with local restrictedness and records within protected areas. In: https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/publications/publications_con/files/IssueNo21.pdf

AFCD 2017. Table 1:100 Rare and Precious Plants of Hong Kong (Online Version). In: https://www.herbarium.gov.hk/PublicationsText.aspx?BookNameId=1&SectionId=3

AFCD 2021. Hong Kong Plant Database. In: https://www.herbarium.gov.hk/Search_Form.aspx

Carey, G.J., Chalmers, M.L., Diskin, D.A., Kennerley, P.R., Leader, P.J., Leven, M.R., Lewthwaite, R. W., Melville, D.S., Turnbull, M. and Young, L. 2001. The Avifauna of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong.

Chan, K.F., Cheung, K.S., Ho, C.Y., Lam F.N. and Tang, W.S. 2006. A Field Guide to the Amphibians of Hong Kong. Agriculture, Fisheries & Conservation Department,


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Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Chan, R.H.S., Chau, W.K., Cheung, W.K., Chow, S.M., Ho, J.S.C., Kan, J.S.C., Lau, S.W.H. and Ng, E.K.L. 2012. Encyclopedia of Hong Kong Butterflies – Search for Butterflies. Hong Kong Lepidopterists’ Society Ltd.

Corlett, R. T., Xing, F. W., Ng, S. C., Chau, L. K. C., & Wong, L. M. Y. (2000). Hong Kong vascular plants: distribution and status. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society 23:1-157.

Fellowes, J.R., Lau, M.W.N., Dudgeon, D., Reels, G.T., Ades, G.W.J., Carey, G.J., Chan, B.P.L., Kendrick, R.C., Lee, K.S., Leven, M.R., Wilson, K.D.P. & Yu, Y.T. (2002) Wild animals to watch: Terrestrial and freshwater fauna of conservation concern in Hong Kong. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society 25: 123-159.

Fu, L. and Chin, C. M. (1992). China Plant Red Data Book – Rare and Endangered Plants. Science Press, Beijing.

Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, Hong Kong Bird Watching Society List of Hong Kong (2021). In: https://cms.hkbws.org.hk/cms/en/resource/bird-list

Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) and South China Botanical Garden (SCBF), Chinese Academy of Sciences (ed.) 2007. Flora of Hong Kong. Volumes 1-4. AFCD, SAR.

Hu, Q.M, Wu, T.L., Xia, N.H., Xing F.W., Lai, C.C.P., Yip, K.W. (2003). Rare and Precious Plants of Hong Kong. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

International Union of Conservation for Nature. (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021. In: http://www.iucnredlist.org.

Jiang et al. 2016. Red List of China’s Vertebrates. Biodiversity Science, 24 (5), 500-551

Karsen, S.J., Lau, M.W.N. and Bogadek, A. 1998. Hong Kong Amphibians and Reptiles. Urban Council, Hong Kong.

Lee L.F., Lam S.K.S., Ng F.K.Y., Chan T.K.T. and Young M.L.C. 2004. Field Guide to the Freshwater Fish of Hong Kong. Friends of the Country Parks, Hong Kong.

Lo, P.Y.F. 2005. Hong Kong Butterflies. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong. Kong.

Pan, J.H. (ed.) (1990). The Freshwater Fishes of Guangdong Province. Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangdong, China, p.589.

Qin, H. N., Yang, Y., Dong, S. Y., He, Q., Jia, Y., Zhao, L. N., Yu, S. X., Liu, H. Y., Liu, B., Yan, Y. H., Xiang, J. Y., Xia, N. H., Peng, H., Li, Z. Y., Zhang, Z. X., He, X. J., Yin, L. K., Lin, Y. L., Liu, Q. R., Hou, Y. T., Liu, Y., Liu, Q. X., Cao, W., Li, J. Q., Chen, S. L., Jin, X. H., Gao, T. G., Chen, W. L., Ma, H. Y., Geng, Y. Y., Jin, X. F., Chang, C. Y., Jiang, H., Cai, L., Zang, C. X., Wu, J. Y., Ye, J. F., Lai, Y. J., Liu, B., Lin, Q., W. & Xue, N. X. (2017). Threatened species list of China’s higher plants. Biodiversity science, 25(7), 696-744.

Shek, C.T. 2006. A Field Guide to the Terrestrial Mammals of Hong Kong. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong.

Siu, G.L., 2000. Orchidaceae of Hong Kong. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History

http://www.iucnredlist.org/


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Society 23: 137-147.

State Forestry Administration & Ministry of Agriculture. (1999). List of Wild Plants under State Protection (Part 1). The State Council, Beijing. (promulgated on 9 Sept. 1999).

Tam, T.W., Leung, K.K., Kwan, B.S.P., Wu, K.K.Y., Tang, S.S.H., So, I.W.Y., Cheng, J.C.Y., Yuen, E.F.M., Tsang, Y.M., & Hui, W.L. (2011). The Hong Kong Dragonflies. AFCD, Friends of Country Park and Cosmos Books Ltd. Hong Kong. p.367.

Wang, S. 1998. China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals: Avifauna. Science Press, Beijing.

Wu, S. H. and Lee. T. C. 2000. Pteridophytes of Hong Kong. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society: 23:5-20.

Xing, F.W., Ng, S.C., Chau, L.K.C. 2000. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms of Hong Kong. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society 23: 21-136.

Yip, J. K., Yip, J. K. L., Liu, E. K. Y., Ngar, Y. N., & Lai, P. C. C. (2010). A floristic survey of marshes in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Biodiversity 19: 7-16.s

Yiu, V. 2004. Field Guide to Butterfly Watching in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Lepidopterist’s Society, Hong Kong.

Yue, P and Chen, Y. comps. 1998. China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals –Pisces. ed. S. Wang. Beijing: Science Press.


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FIGURES


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Figure 2.1 Location of Application Site, Study Area, Transect and Aquatic Sampling Points


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Figure 3.1 Habitat Map


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Figure 3.2 Photos of Application Sites and Habitats

Agricultural Land

Developed Area


Marsh

Plantation

Sea


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Figure 3.2 Photos of Application Sites and Habitats (cont)

Shrubland/Grassland

Sandy/Rubble Shore

Turfgrass Land

Watercourse

Woodland


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Figure 3.3 Habitat Map and Locations of Species of Conservation Importance


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Figure 3.4 Photos of Species of Conservation Importance


Diospyros vaccinioides

Pavetta hongkongensis


Chinese Pond Heron

Little Egret


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Figure 3.4 Photos of Species of Conservation Importance (cont.)

Brown Fish Owl

Dingy Dusk-hawker

Blue Sprite

Chinese Bullfrog


Small Indian Civet


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Figure 4.1 Habitat Map and the proposed Site Layout Plan


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Appendices


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Appendix A Relative Abundance of Plant Species Recorded within the Study Area

Scientific name Chinese name

Growth form

Origin Rarity in Hong Kong 1

Protection/Conservation status

Relative abundance within the Application Site

Relative abundance within the Study Area but outside the Application Site

AL DA LP PL TL WO AL DA MA PL SE SG SRS TL WA WO

Acacia confusa 台灣相

思 Tree Exotic - - S C S

Acmella uliginosa

沼生金

鈕扣 Herb - - - S

Adiantum flabellulatum

扇葉鐵

線蕨 Herb Native

Very common

- S

Adinandra millettii

黃瑞木 Shrub Native Common - O

Ageratum conyzoides

藿香薊 Herb Exotic Common - S

Alangium chinense

八角楓 Tree Native Common - S C

Alocasia macrorrhizos

海芋 Herb native Very common

- S S O S

Aloe vera 蘆薈 Herb Exotic - - S

Alternanthera sessilis

蝦鉗菜 Herb native Common - C C S

Alysicarpus vaginalis

鏈莢豆 Herb native Very common

- S

Aporusa dioica 銀柴 Tree Native Very common

- S S O

Ardisia lindleyana

山血丹 Shrub native Common - S C

Asclepias curassavica

馬利筋 Herb Exotic Common - S S

Axonopus compressus

地毯草 Herb Exotic Common - C C S C S C

Bacopa monnieri

假馬齒

莧 Herb Native Common -

Baeckea frutescens

崗松 Tree Native Very common

- C

Bambusa sp. 竹屬 Herb - - - C

Bauhinia championii

缺葉藤 Climber Native Common - S

Blechnum orientale

烏毛蕨 Herb Native Very common

- S

Bougainvillea spectabilis

葉子花 Climber Exotic - - O

Breynia fruticosa

黑面神 Shrub Native Very common

- O S O


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Growth form






Brucea javanica 鴉膽子 Shrub Native Common - O S S

Caesalpinia bonduc

刺果蘇

木 Climber Native Restricted - O

Caesalpinia crista

華南雲

實 Climber Native

Very common

- O S O O

Calamus tetradactylus

白藤 Climber Native Common - S

Callicarpa nudiflora

裸花紫

珠 Tree Native Common - S S O C S O

Carex sp. 薹草屬 Herb - - - O O C O

Carica papaya 番木瓜 Tree Exotic - - O

Cassytha filiformis

無根藤 Climber Native Very common

- S

Casuarina equisetifolia

木麻黃 Tree Exotic Rare - C C S

Catharanthus roseus

長春花 Shrub Exotic - - S

Celastrus hindsii 青江藤 Climber Native Very common

- S S

Celtis sinensis 朴樹 Tree Native Common - S S

Celtis timorensis 假玉桂 Tree Native Restricted - S S S

Centella asiatica 積雪草 Herb Native Very common

- C S


水蕨 Herb Native Rare

Rare and Precious Plants of Hong

Kong (Vulnerable in China) 2

State protection

(category II) 3

S O O

Cerbera manghas

海杧果 Tree Native Common - C S S S S C

Cinnamomum camphora

樟 Tree Native Common - S C

Citrus reticulata 柑橘 Tree Exotic - - S

Citrus sp. 柑桔屬 Shrub - - - S

Clausena lansium

黃皮 Tree Exotic - - S


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Growth form






Cleistocalyx nervosum

水翁 Tree Native Common - S S O S O C

Clerodendrum chinense

重瓣臭

茉莉 Shrub Native Common - S

Clerodendrum inerme

苦郎樹 ,

苦楮、

假茉莉

Shrub Native Common - C

Colocasia esculenta

芋 Herb Exotic - - S

Commelina diffusa

節節草 Herb Native Common - O C

Cratoxylum cochinchinense

黃牛木 Tree native Very common

- O S O

Crotalaria retusa 吊裙草 Herb Native Restricted - S

Cucurbita moschata

南瓜 Climber Exotic - - O S

Cyathula prostrata

杯莧 Herb Native Common - O

Cyclosorus parasiticus

華南毛

蕨 Herb Native

Very common

- S C S S C O

Cynodon dactylon

狗牙根 Herb native Very common

- S C

Cyperus exaltatus

高桿莎

草 Herb native Restricted - S S

Cyperus rotundus

香附子 Herb Native Very common

- S

Cyperus tenuispica

窄穗莎

草 Herb Native Restricted - C

Dactyloctenium aegyptium

龍爪茅 Herb Native Common - S

Daphniphyllum pentandrum

虎皮楠 ,

交讓木 Tree Native Common - S

Dendrotrophe varians

寄生藤 Climber Native Very common

- C

Desmodium triflorum

三點金 Herb Native Very common

- S S

Desmos chinensis

假鷹爪 Shrub Native Common - O S C


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Growth form






Dicranopteris pedata

芒萁 Herb native Very common

- C C S

Dimocarpus longan

龍眼 Tree Exotic Restricted

Threatened Species List of China's Higher Plants:

Vulnerable 4

China Plant Red Data Book: Vulnerable 5

State Protection (Category II) 3

O

Diospyros vaccinioides

小果柿 Shrub Native Very common

IUCN Red List: Critically Endangered 7

S S

Echinodorus grandiflorus

長象耳

草 Herb Exotic - - S C

Eclipta prostrata 鱧腸 Herb Native Common - S S

Eleocharis acutangula

銳棱荸

薺 Herb Native Rare - C

Embelia laeta 酸藤子 Climber Native Very common

- S O O

Embelia ribes 白花酸

藤子 Climber Native Common - S

Emilia sonchifolia

一點紅 Herb Native Very common

- S C S S S

Eragrostis atrovirens

鼠婦草 Herb Native Common - O O

Eragrostis tenella

鯽魚草 Herb Native Very common

- S C O

Eriocaulon sexangulare

華南榖

精草 Herb Native

Very common

- S

Euphorbia pulcherrima

一品紅 Shrub Exotic - - S

Ficus fistulosa 水同木 Tree Native Common - O

Ficus hispida 對葉榕 Shrub Native Very common

- S S O

Ficus microcarpa

榕樹 Tree Native Common - S S

Ficus pumila 薜荔 Climber Native Very common

- S S

Ficus subpisocarpa

筆管榕 Tree Native - - S S


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Growth form






Ficus variolosa 變葉榕 Tree Native Very common

- S

Foeniculum vulgare

茴香 Herb Exotic - - S

Fuirena ciliaris 毛芙蘭

草 Herb Native Restricted - S

Garcinia oblongifolia

嶺南山

竹子 Tree Native

Very common

- S

Glochidion eriocarpum

毛果算

盤子 Shrub Native

Very common

- S S O

Glochidion hirsutum

厚葉算

盤子 Shrub Native Common - S S O

Glochidion lanceolarium

艾膠算

盤子 Tree Native Common - S S S S C

Glochidion wrightii

白背算

盤子 Shrub Native

Very common

- S S

Glochidion zeylanicum

香港算

盤子 Shrub Native Common - S O

Gnetum luofuense

羅浮買

麻藤 Climber Native

Very common

- S S S

Handroanthus chrysanthus

黃花風

鈴木 Tree Exotic - - S

Hedyotis acutangula

金草 Herb Native Very common

- S

Hedyotis corymbosa

傘房花

耳草 Herb Native

Very common

- S

Hedyotis diffusa 白花蛇

舌草 Herb Native

Very common

- O C

Hedyotis hedyotidea

牛白藤 Shrub Native Very common

- O

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides

天胡荽 Herb Native Common - O

Hylocereus undatus

量天尺 Herb Exotic - - S

Hypserpa nitida 夜花藤 Climber Native Very common

- S


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Growth form






Ilex pubescens 毛冬青 Shrub Native Very common

- S

Isachne globosa 柳葉箬 Herb Native Very common

- C C

Justicia ventricosa

黑葉小

駁骨 , 黑

葉爵床

Shrub Native Common - S

Kalanchoe tubiflora

洋吊鍾 Herb Exotic - - S O

Kyllinga polyphylla

水蜈蚣 Herb Exotic Common - O

Lasianthus chinensis

粗葉木 Shrub Native Common - S

Lepidosperma chinense

鱗子莎 Herb Native Very common

- S

Limnophila aromatica

紫蘇草 Herb Native Restricted - C

Lindernia anagallis

長蒴母

草 Herb Native Common - C S C

Lindernia ciliata 刺齒泥

花草 Herb Native Common - O O O

Lindernia crustacea

母草 Herb Native Restricted - C

Lindsaea orbiculata

團葉鱗

始蕨 Herb Native

Very common

- O

Liquidambar formosana

楓香 Tree Native Common - S

Litchi chinensis 荔枝 Tree Exotic Restricted

Threatened Species List of China's Higher Plants:

Endangered 4

China Plant Red Data Book: Vulnerable 5

State Protection (Category II) 3

S

Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia

豺皮樟 Shrub Native Very common

- C C

Lonicera macrantha

大花忍

冬 Climber Native Common - S


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Growth form






Lophostemon confertus

紅膠木 Tree Exotic - - C

Ludwigia hyssopifolia

草龍 Herb Native - - C C C O C

Ludwigia perennis

細花丁

香蓼 Herb Native Restricted - S S

Lygodium japonicum

海金沙 Herb Native Very common

- C O O C

Lygodium scandens

小葉海

金沙 Herb Native Common - S C S C

Macaranga tanarius var. tomentosa

血桐 Tree Native Common - S O S S S

Machilus breviflora

短序潤

楠 Tree Native

Very common

- S S S

Machilus velutina

絨毛潤

楠 Tree Native Common - S

Mallotus paniculatus

白楸 Tree Native Very common

- C S S O

Melastoma malabathricum

野牡丹 Shrub Native Common - S O O S O

Melastoma sanguineum

毛菍 Shrub Native Common - O O O S

Melia azedarach 苦楝 Tree Exotic Common - S

Melodinus suaveolens

山橙 Climber Native Common - C O

Michelia x alba 白蘭 Tree Exotic - Cap. 96A 6 S

Microcos nervosa

破布葉 Shrub Native Common - S

Millettia reticulata

雞血藤 Climber Native Common - S

Mimosa bimucronata

光莢含

羞草 Shrub Exotic - - S

Morinda parvifolia

雞眼藤 Climber Native Very common

- S

Murraya paniculata

九里香 Tree Exotic - - C O S O S O

Nymphaea spp. 睡蓮屬 Herb - - - C C


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Growth form






Ocimum basilicum

羅勒 , 薰

尊、九

層塔

Herb Exotic Very rare - S

Oplismenus compositus

竹葉草 Herb Native Very common

- C S

Opuntia stricta var. dillenii

仙人掌 Herb Exotic Common - S

Oxalis corniculata

酢漿草 Herb Native Very common

- S S

Oxalis debilis subsp. corymbosa

紅花酢

漿草 Herb Exotic Common - C

Paederia scandens

雞矢藤 Climber Native Very common

- O S

Pandanus austrosinensis

露兜草 Herb Native - - O

Pandanus tectorius

露兜樹 Shrub Native Very common

- O

Panicum dichotomiflorum

洋野黍 Herb Native - - O C C

Paspalum scrobiculatum var. orbiculare

圓果雀

稗 Herb Native

Very common

- O

Pavetta hongkongensis

香港大

沙葉 Tree Native Common Cap. 96A 6 S S

Philydrum lanuginosum

田蔥 Herb Native Common - C

Phyllanthus cochinchinensis

越南葉

下珠 Shrub Native

Very common

- S

Phyllanthus urinaria

葉下珠 Herb Native Common - S S

Pinus elliottii 濕地松,

愛氏松 Tree Exotic - - O S

Pistia stratiotes 大薸 Herb Native Common - C

Polyspora axillaris

大頭茶 Shrub Native Very common

- S

Psidium guajava 番石榴 Tree Exotic Common - S

Psychotria asiatica

九節 Tree Native Very common

- C S C O S C


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Growth form






Psychotria serpens

蔓九節 Climber Native Very common

- C C C

Pteris semipinnata

半邊旗 Herb Native Very common

- O C

Pteris vittata 蜈蚣草 Herb Native Very common

- S S

Pyrrosia adnascens

貼生石

韋 Herb Native Common - S

Rhaphiolepis indica

石斑木 Shrub Native Very common

- S

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

桃金娘 Shrub Native Very common

- S C

Rhus chinensis 鹽膚木 Tree Native Common - S

Rhus succedanea

木蠟樹 Shrub Native Common - S

Ricinus communis

蓖麻 Shrub Exotic Restricted - S

Rosa chinensis 月季花 Shrub Exotic - - S

Rotala rotundifolia

圓葉節

節菜 Herb Native Common - C

Ruta graveolens 芸香 Herb Exotic - - S

Saccharum officinarum

甘蔗 Herb Exotic - - S

Sacciolepis indica

囊穎草 Herb Native Very common

- O S

Sageretia thea 雀梅藤 Shrub Native Very common

- O

Sansevieria trifasciata

虎尾蘭 Herb Exotic - - O

Sapium sebiferum

烏桕 Tree Native Common - S S S S C S S O

Sarcosperma laurinum

肉實樹 Tree Native Very common

- S

Schefflera heptaphylla

鵝掌柴 Tree Native Very common

- C O S C

Scleria ciliaris 緣毛珍

珠茅 Herb Native

Very common

- O

Scolopia saeva 廣東刺

柊 Tree Native Common - S S


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Growth form






Sloanea sinensis

猴歡喜 Tree Native Restricted - S S

Solanum americanum

少花龍

葵 Herb Exotic - - S

Solanum torvum 水茄 Shrub Exotic Common - C S S

Spermacoce remota

光葉豐

花草 Herb - - - O S

Sphenomeris chinensis

烏蕨 Herb Native Very common

- S

Sterculia lanceolata

假蘋婆 Tree Native Very common

- S C O S S C

Strophanthus divaricatus

羊角拗 Climber Native Common - O O S

Strychnos angustiflora

牛眼馬

錢 Climber Native Common - C S S S O

Syzygium hancei

韓氏蒲

桃 Tree Native Common - S C

Tadehagi triquetrum

葫蘆茶 Shrub Native Very common

- O

Tarenna attenuata

假桂烏

口樹 Tree Native Common - S O S O

Terminalia mantaly `Triciolor`

花葉欖

仁 Tree Exotic - - O

Tetracera asiatica

錫葉藤 Climber Native Very common

- O C

Tridax procumbens

羽芒菊 Herb Exotic Very common

- S

Tulipa gesneriana

鬱金香 Herb Exotic - - C C

Urena lobata 肖梵天

花 Herb Native Common - S S

Uvaria macrophylla

紫玉盤 Climber Native Common - S S C S C

Vernonia cinerea

夜香牛 Herb Native Very common

- S

Viburnum odoratissimum

珊瑚樹 Shrub Native Very common

- S C S C


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Growth form






Vitex quinata 山牡荊 Tree Native Common - S S

Vitex rotundifolia

單葉蔓

荊 , 白背

蔓荊

Shrub Native Common - C

Wedelia trilobata

三裂葉

蟛蜞菊 Herb Exotic Common - C S O

Youngia japonica

黃鵪菜 Herb Native Very common

- S S S O S

Zanthoxylum avicennae

簕欓花

椒, 簕欓 Tree Native Common - S S

Zanthoxylum nitidum

兩面針 Climber Native Very common

- S S S O S C

Zanthoxylum piperitum

胡椒木 Shrub Exotic - - O

Total 5 9 21 6 41 14 9 24 40 66 0 9 24 7 50 67

Notes: 1. Corlett et al. (2000). Hong Kong vascular plants: distribution and status. 2. Hu et al. (2003). Rare and Precious Plants of Hong Kong. 3. State Forestry Administration & Ministry of Agriculture. (1999). List of Wild Plants under State Protection (Part 1). 4. Qin et al. (2017). Threatened Species List of China's Higher Plants. 5. Fu & Chin (1992). China Plant Red Data Book – Rare and Endangered Plants. 6. Cap. 96A Forestry Regulations. 7. International Union of Conservation for Nature. (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2.

• Species in bold are considered of conservation importance.

• Casuarina equisetifolia, Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis and Ocimum basilicum were exotic to Hong Kong and not considered of conservation importance, despite being considered rare/ very rare by Corlett et al. (2000), listed as vulnerable/endangered in Threatened Species List of China's Higher Plants, listed as vulnerable in China Plant Red Data Book and/or listed under Category II in the List of Wild Plants under State Protection (Part 1)

• Michelia x alba is protected under Cap. 96A Forestry Regulations, however, the recorded individual was cultivated thus it is not considered of conservation importance. In additional, this species is exotic to Hong Kong.

• Eleocharis acutangula is regarded as rare by Corlett et al. (2000) but common by Yip et al. (2010). The difference in rarity provided by different literature does not support this

species to be considered of conservation importance.

Abbreviations:

• Habitat: AL: Agricultural Land; DA: Developed area; LP: Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond); MA: Marsh; PL: Plantation; SE: Sea; SG: Shrubland/grassland; SRS: Sandy/rubble shore; TL: Turfgrass land; WA: Watercourse; WO: Woodland

• Relative abundance: C: Common; O: Occasional; S: Scarce


Ecosystems Ltd.

Appendix B Avifauna Species Recorded within the Study Area

Common Names Scientific Names

Rarity and Distribution in Hong Kong

Conservation status

Records within the Application Site Records within the Study Area but outside the

Application Site

AL DA LP PL TL WO DA MA PL SE SG SRS WA WO

Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus

Common resident. Widely distributed in grassland throughout Hong Kong.

- 1


Ixobrychus eurhythmus

Scarce passage migrant. Found in Tai Long Wan, Luk Keng, Long Valley.

Fellowes et al. (2002): RC

1

Chinese Pond Heron

Ardeola bacchus

Common resident. Common resident. Widely distributed in Hong Kong.

Fellowes et al. (2002): PRC,(RC)

2 5

Great Egret Ardea alba Common resident and winter visitor. Widely distributed in Hong Kong.


1

Little Egret Egretta garzetta

Common resident. Widely distributed in coastal area throughout Hong Kong.


1

Black Kite Milvus migrans

Common resident and winter visitor. Widely distributed in Hong Kong.

Fellowes et al. (2002): (RC);

Appendix 2 of CITES

12 1

Northern Lapwing

Vanellus vanellus

Scarce winter visitor. Found in Mai Po, Long Valley, Chek Lap Kok, Ho Chung, Tai Long Wan, Tai Po, Castle Peak coast.

Fellowes et al. (2002): LC; IUCN

Red List Status: NT 1

Domestic Pigeon Columba livia Common resident. Widely distributed in urban area throughout Hong Kong.

- 1

Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis

Abundant resident. Widely distributed in Hong Kong.

- 1 1 1 2 5 15 6 3 25 4

Chestnut-winged Cuckoo

Clamator coromandus

Uncommon passage migrant and summer visitor. Widely distributed in woodland throughout Hong Kong.

- 1

Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus

Common resident. Widely distributed in Hong Kong.

- 5 1 1

Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus

Uncommon summer visitor. Widely distributed in Hong Kong.

- 1 1 1


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Collared Scops Owl

Otus lettia Common resident. Widely distributed in shrubland throughout Hong Kong.

Class 2 Protected Animal of China;

Appendix 2 of CITES

1

Brown Fish Owl Ketupa zeylonensis

Scarce resident. Found in Discovery Bay, Pak Tam Chung, Tai Tan, Yung Shue O, Sham Chung.

Class 2 Protected Animal of China;

Fellowes et al. (2002): RC;

Appendix 2 of CITES; Red List of

China's Vertebrates:

(Endangered)

2

Common Kingfisher

Alcedo atthis

Common passage migrant and winter visitor. Widely distributed in wetland habitat throughout Hong Kong.

- 1

Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus speciosus

Common resident. Found in Tai Po Kau, the Peak, Lam Tsuen, Cape D'Aguilar Road, Peel Rise, Shing Mun.

- 2

Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach Common resident. Widely distributed in open areas throughout Hong Kong.

- 1

Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus

Common summer visitor. Widely distributed in open area throughout Hong Kong.

- 5

Hair-crested Drongo

Dicrurus hottentottus

12

Red-billed Blue Magpie

Urocissa erythroryncha

Common resident. Widely distributed in woodland edges throught Hong Kong

- 1 10 23

Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Common resident. Widely distributed in Hong Kong

- 4 2 2 1 2

Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos

Common resident. Widely distributed in Hong Kong

- 1 12

Cinereous Tit Parus cinereus


- 1 1 4 2 2 2

Red-whiskered Bulbul

Pycnonotus jocosus


- 1 34 2 3 22 4 5 5 24


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Chinese Bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis


- 1 3 10 2 14 2 4 8

Mountain Tailorbird

Phyllergates cuculatus

Uncommon resident. Found in Ng Tung Chai, Cheung Sheung, Tai Po Kau, Bride's Pool.

- 1

Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus

Common passage migrant and winter visitor. Widely distributed in shrubland and waterside vegetation throughout Hong Kong.

- 1 1 1

Pallas's Leaf Warbler

Phylloscopus proregulus

Common winter visitor. Found in woodland throughout Hong Kong.

- 1

Yellow-browed Warbler

Phylloscopus inornatus

Common winter visitor. Found in woodland throughout Hong Kong.

- 1

Yellow-bellied Prinia

Prinia flaviventris


- 3 2

Common Tailorbird

Orthotomus sutorius


- 1 2 9 1 1

Chinese Hwamei Garrulax canorus

Common resident. Widely distributed in hillside shrubland througthout Hong Kong.

Appendix 2 of CITES

1

Masked Laughingthrush

Garrulax perspicillatus

Abundant resident. Widely distributed in shrubland throughout Hong Kong.

- 1 1 5

Japanese White-eye

Zosterops japonicus


- 1 1 2 10 6 3 8

Crested Myna Acridotheres cristatellus


- 1 2 7 1 2

Black-collared Starling

Gracupica nigricollis


- 1 13 1 1 11 2

Japanese Thrush Turdus cardis

Uncommon winter visitor. Widely distributed in woodland throughout Hong Kong.

- 1 1 1 1


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Chinese Blackbird Turdus mandarinus

Common winter visitor. Widely distributed in Hong Kong.

- 1

Oriental Magpie Robin

Copsychus saularis


- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 2

Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassinus

Scarce winter visitor. Found in Shek Kong, Tai Po Kau, Mui Tze Lam, Lai Chi Wo, Wun Yiu.

- 1

Blue Whistling Thrush

Myophonus caeruleus

Common resident. Widely distributed in shrubland and woodland throughout Hong Kong.

- 6

Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus

Common winter visitor. Widely distributed in Hong Kong.

- 3 1

Stejneger's Stonechat

Saxicola stejnegeri

Common passage migrant and winter visitor. Widely distributed in open cultivated fields throughout Hong Kong.

- 1

Fork-tailed Sunbird

Aethopyga christinae


- 1 2

White Wagtail Motacilla alba Common passage migrant and winter visitor. Widely distributed in Hong Kong.

- 1 1 2 10 2

Olive-backed Pipit Anthus godlewskii

Common passage migrant and winter visitor. Widely distributed in Hong Kong.

- 1 2 1

Notes: 1. AFCD (2021). Hong Kong Biodiversity Database. 2. International Union of Conservation for Nature. (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021. 3. Fellowes et al. (2002). Wild animals to watch: Terrestrial and freshwater fauna of conservation concern in Hong Kong. For conservation status listed by Fellowes et al. (2002),

letters in parentheses indicate that the assessment is on the basis of restrictedness in breeding and/or roosting sites rather than in general occurrence.

• Species in bold are considered of conservation importance. Abbreviations:

• Habitat: AL: Agricultural Land; DA: Developed area; LP: Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond); MA: Marsh; PL: Plantation; SE: Sea; SG: Shrubland/grassland; SRS: Sandy/rubble shore; TL: Turfgrass land; WA: Watercourse; WO: Woodland

• Conservation Status: LC = local concern, PRC = potential regional concern, RC = regional concern, GC = global concern; Letters in parentheses indicate that the assessment is on the basis of restrictedness in breeding and/or roosting sites rather than in general occurrence (Fellowes et al,. 2002).


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Appendix C Butterfly Species Recorded within the Study Area

Common Names Scientific Names Rarity and Distribution in Hong Kong

Conservation status

Records within the Application Site

Records within the Study Area but outside the Application Site

AL DA TL DA MA PL SG WA WO

Pale Grass Blue Pseudozizeeria maha Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 8 7 1 5

Lesser Grass Blue Zizina otis Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 7 5 6

Plum Judy Abisara echerius Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 2 2 1 1 1

Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus Uncommon. Lung Kwu Tan, Tong Fuk, Tai Ho, Tung Chung, Pak Tam Chung

- 1

Common Tiger Danaus genutia Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1 1

Common Indian Crow Euploea core Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1

Blue-spotted Crow Euploea midamus Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 10

Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger Ideopsis similis Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 2 6 1 13

Indian Fritillary Argyreus hyperbius Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 3 2

Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 4

Colour Sergeant Athyma nefte Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1 1

Rustic Cupha erymanthis Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1 1

Common Mapwing Cyrestis thyodamas Common. Widely distributed in woodland area throughout Hong Kong

- 1

White-edged Blue Baron Euthalia phemius Common. Widely distributed in woodland and agricultural field throughout Hong Kong

- 1

Grey Pansy Junonia atlites

Common. Widely distributed in abandoned grassland and abandoned agricultural field throughout Hong Kong

- 5

Southern Sullied Sailer Neptis clinia Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1

Common Sailer Neptis hylas Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong

- 1 2 1


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Conservation status




Kong

Common Jester Symbrenthia lilaea Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1 2

Dark Brand Bush Brown Mycalesis mineus Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 3 2 1 11

South China Bush Brown Mycalesis zonata Common. Widely distributed in woodland throughout Hong Kong

- 3

Common Jay Graphium doson Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1

Common Bluebottle Graphium sarpedon Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1

Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 2 3 1

Red Helen Papilio helenus Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1 1 1 3

Great Mormon Papilio memnon Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1 1 1

Paris Peacock Papilio paris Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1 1

Common Mormon Papilio polytes Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1 2 11

Spangle Papilio protenor Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1

Lemon Emigrant Catopsilia pomona Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1

Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1 1

Red-base Jezebel Delias pasithoe Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 8 6

Three-spot Grass Yellow Eurema blanda Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 2

Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 7 1 1


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Conservation status




Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia Very Common. Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong

- 1 9 11 2 2

Notes: 1. AFCD (2021). Hong Kong Biodiversity Database. 2. International Union of Conservation for Nature. (2021). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. 3. Fellowes et al. (2002). Wild animals to watch: Terrestrial and freshwater fauna of conservation concern in Hong Kong. For conservation status listed by Fellowes et al. (2002),



• Habitat: AL: Agricultural Land; DA: Developed area; MA: Marsh; PL: Plantation; SG: Shrubland/grassland; TL: Turfgrass land; WA: Watercourse; WO: Woodland



Ecosystems Ltd.

Appendix D Dragonfly Species Recorded within the Study Area

Common Names Scientific Names Rarity and Distribution in Hong Kong Conservation status

Records within the Application

Site


DA MA WA WO

Pale-spotted Emperor Anax guttatus Common. Widely distribute in ponds and sluggish streams throughout Hong Kong

- 3

Dingy Dusk-hawker Gynacantha subinterrupta Common. Hong Kong Wetland Park, Lantau, Ping Shan Chai, Sha Lo Tung and Tai Mo Shan

Fellowes et al. (2002): LC 3

Orange-tailed Sprite Ceriagrion auranticum Abundant. Widely distribute in ponds and marshes throughout Hong Kong

- 1

Blue Sprite Pseudagrion microcephalum

Common. Kai Kuk Shue Ha, Kau Sai Chau, Lai Chi Wo, Mai Po, Mui Wo, River Jhelum and Tung Ping Chau

Fellowes et al. (2002): LC 1

Common Flangetail Ictinogomphus pertinax Common. Widely distribute in ponds throughout Hong Kong

- 1

Crimson Darter Crocothemis servilia Abundant. Widely distribute in cultivated areas, ponds and marshes throughout the New Territories

- 6

Russet Percher Neurothemis fulvia Common. Widely distribute in cultivated areas and streams throughout Hong Kong

- 2 24 4

Red-faced Skimmer Orthetrum chrysis Abundant. Widely distribute in pools and marshy areas adjacent to flowing streams throughout Hong Kong.

- 2

Common Red Skimmer

Orthetrum pruinosum Abundant. Widely distribute in slow streams, ponds, rain puddles and irrigation conduits

- 4 2

Green Skimmer Orthetrum sabina Abundant. Widely distribute in all wetland habitats throughout Hong Kong

- 5 1

Wandering Glider Pantala flavescens Abundant. Widely distribute in all wetland habitats throughout Hong Kong

- 9

Crimson Dropwing Trithemis aurora Abundant. Widely distribute in marshes, ponds, streams and ornamental ponds throughout Hong Kong

- 7

Yellow Featherlegs Copera marginipes Abundant. Widely distribute in streams throughout Hong Kong

- 1




• Habitat: DA: Developed area; MA: Marsh; WA: Watercourse; WO: Woodland


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Ecosystems Ltd.

Appendix E Reptile Species Recorded within the Study Area


Records within the Study Area but outside

the Application Site

DA MA

Red-necked Keelback Rhabdophis subminiatus Widely dsitributed in woodlands throughout Hong Kong. - 1

Chinese Gecko Gekko chinensis Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong. - 1

Bowring's Gecko Hemidactylus bowringii Distributed throughout Hong Kong. - 3




• Habitat: DA: Developed area; MA: Marsh



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Appendix F Amphibians Species Recorded within the Study Area


Conservation status

Records within the Application

Site

Records within the Study Area but

outside the Application Site

TL LP DA MA WA

Asian Common Toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus Widely distributed in Hong Kong. - 8 3

Butler's Pigmy Frog Microhyla butleri Widely distributed in Hong Kong. - 2

Paddy Frog Fejervarya limnocharis Widely distributed in Hong Kong. - 5 1 5 75

Chinese Bullfrog Hoplobatrachus chinensis Widely distributed in Lantau Island and New Territories.

Class 2 Protected Animal of China; Fellowes et al. (2002):

PRC;Red List of China's Vertebrates: (Endangered)

5 1 21 8

Gunther's Frog Hylarana guentheri Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong.

- 51 65

Brown Tree Frog Polypedates megacephalus Widely distributed throughout Hong Kong.

- 5 4 15




• Habitat: DA: Developed area; LP: Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond); MA: Marsh; TL: Turfgrass land; WA: Watercourse



Ecosystems Ltd.

Appendix G Mammal Species Recorded within the Study Area


Records within the Study Area but

outside the Application Site

DA MA WO

Domestic Ox Bos taurus Widely distributed in forested areas throughout Hong Kong, except northwest N.T. and Hong Kong Island.

- 4 6 6

Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris

Widely distributed in forested areas throughout Hong Kong. - 7

Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis

Widely distributed in forested areas throughout Hong Kong, except Lantau Island.

China Red Data Book Status: (Vulnerable); (Cap. 170);Red List of

China's Vertebrate: (Vulnerable)

1


Hystrix brachyura

Widespread throughout most of Hong Kong, but no record was found on Lantau Island.

Fellowes et al. (2002): PGC; (Cap. 170)

1 3

Eurasian Wild Pig Sus scrofa Widely distributed in forested areas throughout Hong Kong. - 56 48

Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica Widely distributed in forested areas throughout Hong Kong, except Lantau Island.

Class 2 Protected Animal of China; (Cap.

170);Red List of China's Vertebrate: (Vulnerable)

6




• Habitat: DA: Developed area; MA: Marsh; WO: Woodland



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Appendix H Aquatic Fauna Recorded within the Study Area

Scientific Name Common Name Conservation status Relative Abundance

Fish

Anguilla marmorata Giant Mottled Eel Fellowes et al. (2002): Global Concern;

China Red Data Book: Endangered +

Eleotris oxycephala Sharphead Sleeper - +

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Oriental Weatherfish - +

Oreochromis niloticus Nile Tilapia - +++

Poecilia reticulata Guppy - +

Puntius semifasciolatus Chinese Barb - +++

Tilapia zillii Redbelly Tilapia - +++

Invertebrates

Caridina cantonensis Canton Bee Shrimp - ++

Enithares sp. - - +

Macrobrachium sp. - - +

Pomacea canaliculata Apple Snail - +

Ptilomera tigrina - - +

Varuna litterata - - +

Keys:

Relative abundance: + = Rare, ++ = Occasional, +++ = Common Notes: 1. AFCD (2019). Hong Kong Biodiversity Database. 2. International Union of Conservation for Nature. (2019). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-2. 3. Fellowes et al. (2002). Wild animals to watch: Terrestrial and freshwater fauna of conservation concern in Hong Kong. For conservation status listed by Fellowes et al. (2002),


• Species in bold are considered of conservation importance.


Ecosystems Ltd.

Appendix I Intertidal Fauna Recorded within the Study Area

Species Sandy/rubble Shore

Acanthopleura japonica +

Anthocodaris crassispina +

Batillaria sordida +

Bathygobius fuscus +

Captiulum mitella +

Cellana grata +

Cellana toreuma +

Collisella dorsuosa +

Donax sp. +

Echinolittorina radiata +++

Echinolittorina trochoides ++

Hydroides sp. +

Ligia exotica +++

Monodonta labio +

Nerita albicilla +

Ocypode sp. +

Palaemon pacificus +

Patelloida saccharina +

Planaxis sulcatus ++

Septifer virgatus +

Spirorbis sp. +

Tetraclita japonica +

Thais clavigera +

Keys:

Relative abundance: + = Rare, ++ = Occasional, +++ = Common

Section 16 Planning Application for

Proposed Sai Kung Pak Lap Nature Education Park

Wetland Restoration Proposal

October 2021

Appendix J to the EcoIA Report

Proposed Sai Kung Pak Lap Nature Education Park Wetland Restoration Plan at Various Lots in DD 368, Pak Lap, Sai Kung October 2021

Ichthyology Group Limited i

CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ...................................................................................................... 1

DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLICATION SITE ........................................................ 1

2.1 Location ............................................................................................................ 1 2.2 Baseline Ecological Condition of the Application Site and Environs ............. 1

2.3 Geology and Soils ............................................................................................ 2 2.4 Topography and Hydrology ............................................................................. 2

2.5 Habitats ............................................................................................................. 2

OBJECTIVES AND GUIDING CONCEPTS ............................................................. 3

3.1 Plan Objectives ................................................................................................. 3 3.2 Guiding Concepts ............................................................................................. 3

TARGET SPECIES FOR THE REHABILITATED WETLANDS ............................ 4

4.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 4 4.2 Target Species .................................................................................................. 4

4.3 Habitat Requirements for the Target Species ................................................... 6 4.4 Proposed Design for the Restored Wetland ..................................................... 7

4.5 Habitat Utilization by the Target Species ........................................................ 7

MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ................................................................................... 8

5.1 Responsibility for Habitat Creation, Management and Enhancement ............. 8 5.2 Management of Habitat Characteristics ........................................................... 8

5.3 Hydrological Management ............................................................................... 8 5.4 Vegetation Management ................................................................................ 10 5.5 Standard Management Actions ...................................................................... 10

IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................ 11

6.1 Wetland Restoration ....................................................................................... 11

6.2 Implementation Programme ........................................................................... 12

ECOLOGICAL MONITORING ............................................................................... 12

7.1 Baseline Ecological Monitoring ..................................................................... 12 7.2 Construction Phase Ecological Monitoring .................................................... 13 7.3 Operational Phase Ecological Monitoring ..................................................... 13 7.4 Review of Wildlife and Habitat Monitoring Programme and Consequent

Adaptive Management ................................................................................... 16

7.5 Contingency Plan ........................................................................................... 17 7.6 Resources Requirement for Wetland Construction and Operating ................ 19

REPORTING ............................................................................................................. 20


Ichthyology Group Limited ii

List of Tables

Table 2.1 Habitats Present in the Application Site .............................................................. 3

Table 4.1 Target Species for the Pak Lap WRA .................................................................. 6 Table 4.2 Summary of the Habitat to be Provided for the Target Species at Pak Lap ........ 7 Table 5.1 Water Budget for the Pak Lap Recreated Wetland .............................................. 9 Table 5.2 Regular Management Actions for the Pak Lap WRA ....................................... 11 Table 7.1 Summary of Ecological Monitoring for the Pak Lap WRA. ............................. 16

Table 7.2 Contingency Plan ............................................................................................... 17 Table 7.3 Construction Phase Resources Requirement ..................................................... 19 Table 7.4 Annual Management and Maintenance Phase Resources Requirement ............ 20

List of Figures

Figure 1 Location of the Proposed Wetland Restoration Area

Figure 2 Proposed Habitat Layout of the WRA


Ichthyology Group Limited 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

1.1.1 A planning application to develop Sai Kung Pak Lap Nature Education Park on the

Turfgrass Land (a dis-used agricultural land) at Pak Lap, Sai Kung is being proposed.

The potential ecological impacts associated with the proposed development have been

thoroughly reviewed and assessed. Adverse ecological impact is generally not predicted.

Nonetheless, good site practices are recommended to minimize potential general

ecological impacts such as site run off and disturbance. Transplantation of few

individuals of Ceratopteris thalictroides within the Application Site is also

recommended.

1.1.2 Through the literature review, baseline ecological survey and the drainage impact

assessment, it was noted the Turfgrass Land (a dis-used agricultural land) within the

Application Site was once naturally transformed to a seasonal wetland and it is still

seasonally flooded during heavy storms. The proposed development provided a good

opportunity for the consultancy team to review the possibility of restoring wetland

function within part of the Application Site so as to increase its overall ecological value.

Being a park for educational purpose, the restored wetland could also service as an

education model on wetland restoration for students, as well as for research works on

wetland restoration processes. These give the Project Proponent strong incentives to

establish a Wetland Restoration Area (WRA) and upkeep its environ.

1.1.3 This Wetland Restoration Plan (WRP) is prepared by the Ichthyology Group Limited

providing the overall design, implementation and management plan for the proposed

Wetland Restoration Area (WRA).

DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLICATION SITE

2.1 Location

2.1.1 The Application Site and the proposed Wetland Restoration Area (WRA) are located at

Pak Lap, southern coast of Sai Kung peninsula.

2.2 Baseline Ecological Condition of the Application Site and Environs

2.2.1 A baseline assessment of the ecological value of the Application Site as well as the area

within 100m of the Application Site (i.e., the Study Area) has been undertaken and also

accompanies the planning application. This assessment, together with previous

literature, has been reviewed in the preparation of the WRP with the following

objectives:

• to identify any habitats and species within the Application Site and the

surrounding area which are of ecological significance and which require to be

taken into account in the development either by avoidance of, minimization of,

or compensation for any adverse ecological impacts; and

• to inform decisions as to the appropriate design, habitats and target species for

the WRP.



2.3 Geology and Soils

2.3.1 The 1:20000 scale HGM 20 series geological map of Hong Kong Street 12 (Clear Water

Bay), edition 1, 1989) indicates that the area is overlie on bed rock of Jurassic-

Cretaceous aged fine ash tuff.

2.3.2 In 2012, the submerged remnants of an ancient supervolcano were discovered near Sai

Kung. It was named the High Island Supervolcano since the top edge of its 18 km

caldera lies on High Island and extends all the way through Kowloon and Hong Kong

Island. The lava and ash produced by a massive explosion some 140 million years ago

was responsible for the formation of most of Hong Kong and some of its most dramatic

landforms. The High Island Formation is made up of crystal-bearing fine ash vitric tuffs

that clearly display columnar jointing as a result of rapidly hardening lava flows. Since

the material was uniform, the cooling led to even shrinking and cracking into a

hexagonal shape, which is the most efficient geometrical pattern of stacking.

2.3.3 The soil in the region is largely acidic and poor in nutrients, as well as high in salinity

near the coast. The hillsides are covered with shrubby and grassy vegetation well

adapted to the harsh conditions.

2.4 Topography and Hydrology

2.4.1 The Application Site is relatively flat with approximately +5.2 m PD.

2.4.2 The Application Site is located within a large (approximately 467,028 m2) overall

catchment at Pak Lap, with the overall catchment made up of 3 main sub-catchments.

There is a main watercourse running immediately to the west of the Application Site.

The watercourse connects close to the south-western corner of the Application Site,

before running westwards and discharging at the western end of the beach.

2.4.3 The Application Site itself is drained by a ditch which originates from the sub-

catchment at east. The ditch running along the eastern and southern Site boundaries,

flowing through the Application Site and the propose WRA before merging to the main

watercourse.

2.5 Habitats

2.5.1 The dominant habitat of the Application Site is Turfgrass Land (a dis-used agriculture

land with ditch). This habitat was man-made and planted with turfgrass Axonopus

compressus. Other common species encountered included some naturally colonized

herb species such as Cynodon dactylon, Panicum dichotomiflorum and Wedelia

trilobata. Irrigation ditches were identified at the eastern and southern part of the

Turfgrass Land. These ditches were dry during the dry season survey but flowed with

low volume of water during the wet season survey. The ditches within the Turfgrass

Land inhabited several of hydrophilic herb species, such as Ludwigia hyssopifolia,

Bacopa monnieri and Alternanthera sessilis, during wet season.



Table 2.1 Habitats Present in the Application Site

Habitat Ecological Value Size (ha) %

Agriculture Land Very Low 0.049 3.5

Developed Area Very Low 0.027 2.0

Agriculture Land (Lotus Pond) Very Low 0.0056 0.4

Plantation Low 0.029 2.1

Turfgrass Land Very Low 1.23 88.7

Woodland* Moderate 0.045 3.3

Total 1.39 100

* There will be no development works within the Woodland habitat.

OBJECTIVES AND GUIDING CONCEPTS

3.1 Plan Objectives

3.1.1 The primary objective of this WRP is to detail the specifications for the habitats and

ecological functions to be provided by the wetland habitats that are to be restored within

the WRA. The wetland areas will comprise a mixture of micro-habitats designed to

provide the habitat requirements for a number of identified target species (e.g., wetland-

dependent or associated birds, herpetofauna and odonates) which are of conservation

concern; these target species have been selected after a review of the existing ecological

interest of the Application Site and its environs, species of conservation importance,

and the opportunities and constraints on the Application Site.

3.1.2 It should be noted that the detailed design of the wetland is still required and that this

will be undertaken upon approval of a Section 16 Application for the proposed

development.

3.2 Guiding Concepts

3.2.1 The guiding concepts upon which this WRP has been drafted are described below:

a. Recognition of the value of the seasonal wetland at Pak Lap.

b. Recognition of the potential of the WRA to contribute to the maintenance and

enhancement of the wildlife value and microhabitat diversity of the Pak Lap

ecosystem.

c. Recognition that fauna targets for the WRA should be based upon clear

conservation objectives arising from the constraints of the Application Site

(including its size and proximity to established developments), opportunities

presented on site and the need to provide trans-planting area for individuals of

Ceratopteris thalictroides being affected by the proposed development.

d. Recognition that wetland enhancement or rehabilitation has a proven track

record in Hong Kong, including at locations that were once wetland but which

were drained or filled for periods of time (e.g., wetland rehabilitation or



enhancement works for Sha Lo Tung, The Hong Kong Wetland Park, and the

Yuen Long Bypass Floodway).

e. Requirement that hydrological changes as part of the wetland rehabilitation

must not increase the flood risk to other basin users.

f. Requirement that the wetland habitats should be largely self-sustaining: once

the recreated wetlands are established, management should largely be limited to

maintenance works. This should still allow for adaptive management, whereby

management practices change in response to on-site conditions (especially in

response to any failures to attract target species, or to the use of the Application

Site by species of conservation importance that are not target species).

g. Understanding of the habitat requirements of target species, the feasibility of

the provision of the required habitats and a realistic assessment of the likelihood

that the habitats will be utilized once they are provided.

h. Recognition of the ecological value of any existing habitats on site, whilst

acknowledging that wetland restoration may require alterations to other habitats

which are of little or no ecological value at present.

i. Recognition that monitoring is essential to assess the success or otherwise of

the rehabilitated wetlands and to inform management decisions.

TARGET SPECIES FOR THE REHABILITATED WETLANDS

4.1 Overview

4.1.1 Following a review of the baseline data, target species for the rehabilitated wetlands

have been identified as those species of conservation importance which were recorded

in significant numbers during the baseline ecological surveys and will therefore be

potentially impacted by the proposed development. The flora and flora recorded during

the baseline surveys were presented in the Appendices A to I for the Ecological Impact

Assessment Report (EcoIA).

4.2 Target Species

4.2.1 To qualify as a Target Species a species must fulfill the following requirement:

• It is a species of Conservation Importance based upon the protection status and

rarity in Hong Kong, which either (i) would be directly impacted by the proposed

development or (ii) not directly affected but was recorded in reasonable numbers

during the baseline ecological surveys.

4.2.2 In addition to this, all data from the baseline ecological surveys were reviewed to

determine whether or not there were species (especially wetland-dependent species)

which, although not of conservation concern, were recorded in particularly high

numbers in a Hong Kong context. The aim of this review was to determine whether or

not the Application Site was of importance to species which, although not of



conservation importance, could be significantly impacted by the proposed development.

Based upon this review it was concluded that no species fell into this category.

Flora

4.2.3 Of the species listed in Appendix A of EcoIA, Ceratopteris thalictroides was the only

wetland-dependent species of flora of conservation importance found both within and

outside the Application Site. The individuals present within the Application Site could

be directly affected. On this basis Ceratopteris thalictroides was considered to qualify

as targets during the review process.

Birds

4.2.4 Of the species listed in Appendix B of EcoIA, five wetland-dependent species of

conservation importance including Von Schrenck's Bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus,

Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus, Great Egret Ardea alba, Little Egret Egretta

garzetta and Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus were recorded infrequently and/or in

very low numbers were treated as not occurring in significant numbers. On this basis

no birds were considered to qualify as targets during the review process.

Butterflies

4.2.5 Of the species listed in Appendix C of EcoIA, no species of butterfly of conservation

importance was recorded during the baseline ecological surveys. On this basis no

butterflies were considered to qualify as targets during the review process

Odonates

4.2.6 Of the species listed in Appendix D of EcoIA, two species of odonate of conservation

importance, Dingy Dusk-hawker Gynacantha subinterrupta and Blue Sprite

Pseudagrion microcephalum, were recorded during the baseline ecological surveys,

with a total of four individuals noted on two dates. On this basis no odonates were

considered to qualify as targets during the review process.

Herpetofauna

4.2.7 Of the species listed in Appendix E and F of EcoIA, only one species of amphibian of

conservation importance, Chinese Bullfrog Hoplobatrachus chinensis, was regularly

recorded and in numbers deemed to be of significance during wet season of the baseline

ecological surveys. On this basis Chinese Bullfrog was considered to qualify as targets

during the review process.

Mammals

4.2.8 Of the species listed in Appendix G of EcoIA, no wetland-dependent mammal was

recorded during the baseline ecological surveys. On this basis no mammals were

considered to qualify as targets during the review process.



Aquatic Fauna

4.2.9 Of the species listed in Appendix H of EcoIA, only one species of aquatic fauna of

conservation importance, Giant Mottled Eel Anguilla marmorata, was recorded during

the baseline ecological surveys, with a relative abundance of rare recorded in the

watercourse outside the Application Site. On this basis no aquatic fauna was considered

to qualify as targets during the review process.

4.2.10 Based upon this assessment, two species were identified as Target Species. These are

shown in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Target Species for the Pak Lap WRA

Species Status Reference

Water Fern


Vulnerable in China Hu et al. (2003)

State protection (Category

II)

List of Wild Plants under

State Protection

Chinese Bullfrog

Hoplobatrachus chinensis

Class 2 Protected Animal of

China

List of Wild Animals Under

State Protection

Potential Regional Concern Fellowes et al. (2002)

Endangered Jiang et al. (2016)

4.3 Habitat Requirements for the Target Species

4.3.1 Habitat requirements for each of the two Target Species are given below and

summarized in Table 4.2.

Water Fern

4.3.2 Water Fern Ceratopteris thalictroides is an aquatic or semi-aquatic herbs, which is one

of the few fern species that survive in marshes and wetland. This species can be found

ponds, paddy fields and other marshy or flooded areas.

4.3.3 Within Pak Lap, Ceratopteris thalictroides was found at the bund of the Marsh outside

the Application Site, and at the bund of the Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond) and ditches

of Turfgrass Land within the Application Site.

Chinese Bullfrog

4.3.4 Chinese Bullfrog Hoplobatrachus chinensis is a lowland species and mainly occurs in

agricultural land, ponds, streams and marshes in Hong Kong (Chan et al. 2005).

4.3.5 Within Pak Lap, Hoplobatrachus chinensis was recorded in the Marsh and Watercourse

outside the Application Site, and in Agricultural Land (Lotus Pond) and Turfgrass Land

within the Application Site.



Table 4.2 Summary of the Habitat to be Provided for the Target Species at Pak Lap

Species Emergent Planting

Buffer Submerged Plant Open Water

Water Fern

Ceratopteris thalictroides ✓

Chinese Bullfrog

Hoplobatrachus chinensis ✓ ✓ ✓

4.4 Proposed Design for the Restored Wetland

4.4.1 The proposed size of the wetland restoration area is about 2,020 m2, including the

footprint of Block 2. This is based on the site topography, availability and also estimated

coverage of previous flooding. The wetland area is consolidated into a single unit to

reduce fragmentation, lessen the effects of disturbance and maximize connectivity with

existing wetland habitats (ie. ditches and stream). The proposed habitat layout is shown

in Figure 2 and elaborated below.

Emergent Planting Buffer

4.4.2 Emergent planting buffer will be planted along the edge of the proposed wetland.

Emergent plant such as Juncus effusus, Cyperus malaccensis will be considered. The

buffer planting is in liner form and deployed along the open water, and can serve as a

shelter for amphibians and odonates. Transplantation of the target species Ceratopteris

thalictroides can be implemented here. About of 400 m2 of emergent planting buffers

will be provided.

Open Water

4.4.3 Open Water with about 0.2 to 1 m depth can provide habitats for aquatic species

including Chinese Bullfrog Hoplobatrachus chinensis. The Open Water with shallow

water depth also allows growth and spread of riparian and submerged plants. About

1,400 m2 of Open Water will be provided.

Submerged Plants

4.4.4 Submerged plant can be the primary producer of the habitat and provide microhabitat

for amphibians and other aquatic life. In wet season, it can also serve as a suitable

breeding habitat for them. Besides, submerged plant can provide additional dissolved

oxygen for the wetland. Vallisneria natans, Rotala indica, Rotala rotundifolia will be

considered. About 190 m2 of submerged plants will be provided.

4.5 Habitat Utilization by the Target Species

Water Fern

4.5.1 The edge of the restored wetland will provide wet habitats for establishment of

Ceratopteris thalictroides. The area of shallow water will also allow further

encroachment of this species.



Chinese Bullfrog

4.5.2 This amphibian species spends most of the time in water. Aquatic vegetation within the

wetland will provide shelter for the adults and serve as nursery ground for the tadpoles.

MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

5.1 Responsibility for Habitat Creation, Management and Enhancement

5.1.1 The Project Proponent will be responsible for the creation, enhancement and

management of the rehabilitated wetland area. An appropriately qualified ecologist with

wetland design and management experience will be responsible for supervising

implementation of the WRP and for long term management.

5.2 Management of Habitat Characteristics

5.2.1 Habitat characteristics within the wetland habitats are planned to be broadly as follows

(to be refined at detailed design stage).

Open water

• >70% covered with water during wet season;

• Submerged vegetation < 20 % cover;

• undesirable flora species < 10% of vegetation cover;

Emergent planting buffer

• at least 80% with vegetation cover;

• undesirable flora species < 10 % of vegetation cover;

• standing water in range 25 – 80%.

5.3 Hydrological Management

5.3.1 Rainfall during the wet season will be the only regular source of water for the WRP.

However, as shown in Table 5.1, there is likely to be a deficit during the months of

October to February. Since the annual rainfall is significantly higher than annual

evaporation, seasonal reductions in water levels could be tolerated as the wetland would

be replenished during each wet season.



Table 5.1 Water Budget for the Pak Lap Recreated Wetland

Month Rainfall (mm) Evaporation (mm) Surplus/deficit(mm)

January 33.2 69.1 -35.9

February 38.9 60.4 -21.5

March 75.3 73.2 +2.1

April 153.0 87.2 +65.8

May 290.6 109.8 +180.8

June 491.5 113.8 +377.7

July 385.8 142.0 +243.8

August 453.2 129.7 +323.5

September 321.4 122.8 +198.6

October 120.3 122.6 -2.3

November 39.3 95.1 -55.8

December 28.8 80.9 -52.1

Total 2,431.3 1,206.6 +1,224.7

Source: Hong Kong Observatory data climatological means 1991 – 2020).

5.3.2 As there will be areas 1 m deep within WRA, these will remain wet throughout the dry

season. This will be important in maintaining wetland fauna population and a healthy

vegetation. In addition, as water levels drop during the dry season, areas of shallow

water with stranded fish will provide additional foraging opportunities for waterbirds.

5.3.3 Water depth markers will be placed in the deepest part of water body. It allows water

depths to be accurately measured throughout the restored wetland and especially in the

deeper water areas, which will function as refugia for fish, odonates and amphibians

during period of low water levels.

5.3.4 Operational water levels will be between 0.5 and 1 m. This is based on the deepest parts

of the design being 1 m deep when the wetland is at full water capacity and reflects the

need to prevent water levels being too shallow, leading to both low dissolved oxygen

levels and higher temperatures, which can have profoundly negative impacts on wetland

fauna. During normal operation water will discharge into the adjacent stream by gravity

once maximum operational level is reached.

5.3.5 Regular checking of water quality will be required to ensure that water quality remains

within the limits acceptable to fish, odonates and amphibians. In general, water pH is a

frequent management issue within created wetland as detritus accumulate within

wetland and as such have a natural tendency to become more acidic over time. The

addition of lime or peanut residue is frequently used to combat this issue. The other

issue of low dissolved oxygen levels can be resolved through pumping water around

the WRA.



5.4 Vegetation Management

5.4.1 Vegetation management will be required to achieve two fundamental aims: to maintain

a suitable wetland plant community and to prevent colonization of terrestrial plants

and/or unwanted exotics.

5.4.2 In general, this will be achieved through careful maintenance of water levels and the

removal of unwanted plant species as required.

5.4.3 The control of vegetation on the wetland edge will be required on a monthly basis in

order to maintain the habitat characteristics. Without such frequent management

common and rapidly colonizing landscape trufgrasses Axonopus compressus or exotic

weeb Wedelia trilobata will become established and these would in time out-compete

or smother most of the species to be planted in these areas during the wetland restoration

process. Such frequent vegetation management is also required to minimize disturbance

as it is preferable to have low levels of regular disturbance than intermittent high levels

of disturbance.

5.4.4 Frequent cutting of the areas of wetland edge will be required to maintain the required

height and to prevent unwanted grass species and exotics becoming established. This

would be undertaken at a minimum frequency of one per month, but may be required

more frequently during the wet season. Cutting will be undertaken mechanically, with

the cut grass being removed to prevent a build-up of dry grasses which can become a

fire hazard and may also inhibit grass growth, encouraging the spread of unwanted weed

species such as Wedelia trilobata. All cut vegetation in the management process will

be recycled on site with no vegetation being sent to landfills

5.5 Standard Management Actions

5.5.1 A list of standard management actions that must be undertaken for the wetland is

provided in Table 5.2.



Table 5.2 Regular Management Actions for the Pak Lap WRA

Action Frequency Notes

Water Control

Measure water levels

Weekly and/or within 24

hours of heavy rainfall

events or during addition of

water other than from

rainfall.

Target levels to be set and

reviewed monthly in

accordance with

management regime. Water

to be added if required.

Measure water quality to

cover most critical concerns

for short term management

(temperature, pH, dissolved

oxygen)

Monthly or more frequently

if required.

More frequent

measurements required

when active steps to adjust

water quality are being

taken.

Vegetation Management

Supplemental planting Requirement to be assessed

on a monthly basis.

Planting to be restricted to

the wet season.

Cutting or pruning and

removal

Monthly grass cutting and

weeding across the entire

site.

Removal of exotic /

undesirable invasive plants

(including algae) (weeding)

Monthly checking with

removal to be scheduled for

subsequent 30 days.

Aggressive exotics such as

Water Hyacinth to be

removed immediately.

Pest control Monthly checking for Red

Imported Fire Ants, Apple

Snails with necessary

treatment to be scheduled

for subsequent 30 days.

Additional pests to

monitored and treated if

required.

IMPLEMENTATION

6.1 Wetland Restoration

6.1.1 The detailed construction programme for the wetland restoration will be finalized upon

approval of the Section 16 Application but will involve the following fundamental steps:

• Temporary Fencing/Hoarding: To define the site and prevent unauthorized access,

prior to commencement of other works.

• Nursery Provision: a nursery with suitable shading and an adequate freshwater

supply will be provided on-site in advance of the construction works to house any

plants awaiting transplantation and for the establishment and temporary storage of

terrestrial and wetlands plants. The nursery will be located on-site, but outside the

works area. It is expected that the vast majority of plants will be imported from

commercial plant nurseries prior to planting. As such the primary function of the

on-site nursery will be as a temporary holding facility where imported plants can be

stored, watered and kept out of direct sunlight until they can be planted within the

recreated wetland.



• Reuse Substrate: If suitable, substrate within the Application Site will be retained

and will form the base of some or all of the wetland area. Soil depth of 6cm to 10cm

is considered sufficient for the growth of herbaceous wetland plants.

• If insufficient substrate is available on site, wetland soils will be imported.

• Re-contour the wetland area.

• Install water control features: these will facilitate regulation of water to the desired

depth. Regulation of water depth will be critical at the early stages to aid plant

establishment.

• Plant or introduce wetland vegetation: whilst some wetland plants would be

expected to colonize the recreated wetlands, planting is essential to ensure rapid

establishment of a diverse plant community.

6.2 Implementation Programme

6.2.1 It is expected that from commencement of construction of the wetland to it being fully

operational will take approximately 2.5 years. This is based on the assumption that site

construction works would be undertaken during the dry season to avoid disturbance to

wetland fauna during the wet season. During the subsequent wet season, planting and

initial plant maintenance would be undertaken, in addition to retention of rainwater

within the wetland. During the second dry season, plant maintenance and control of

unwanted plants would be required. Any replacement planting would be undertaken

during early stages of the second wet season and further plant maintenance would be

undertaken during this period. By the start of the third dry season all plants would be

established and water levels would be at the operational maximum. at this point the

wetland itself should be established and fully functional.

6.2.2 Because the proposed wetland restoration area (WRA) and the area proposed for

development is of such limited ecological value, it is not considered that construction

period ecological mitigation measures are required. However, with due consideration

that Block 2 of the proposed development is on top of the WRA, the construction works

for WRA will commence after Block 2 is build.

ECOLOGICAL MONITORING

7.1 Baseline Ecological Monitoring

7.1.1 Baseline Ecological Monitoring was conducted during the preparation of the EcoIA for

the proposed development between January to June 2021, data collected during these

surveys will provide the baseline for evaluation of the success in achieving numerical

targets for the Target Species. The adequacy of these data as the baseline data shall be

further reviewed prior to the commencement construction works, especially if there is

a prolonged period (longer than 2 years) elapses between the planning approval and

project construction.



7.2 Construction Phase Ecological Monitoring

7.2.1 Target Species and other wetland-dependent fauna will be monitored within the

Application Site and Study Area during the construction phase. This will be important

to ensure that any unexpected events or impacts either on- or off-site are quickly

identified so that remedial action can be taken. The proposed frequency of monitoring

is given in Table 7.1 and the methodology for each survey is detailed below under

Operational Phase Monitoring. Identification of impacts from construction activity, and

required response, will be based on action and limit levels in Table 7.2.

7.3 Operational Phase Ecological Monitoring

7.3.1 Monitoring will be conducted to cover the ecological attributes detailed below.

Monitoring of Birds

7.3.2 Transect surveys for birds will be undertaken monthly. During each survey visit, the

surveyor will walk slower around the perimeter of the wetland, and identify all birds to

species level. Surveys will commence within two hours before sunset.

Monitoring of Odonates and Butterflies

7.3.3 Transect surveys for odonates and butterflies will be undertaken once per month

between March and November. During the surveys a fixed survey route will be

followed. All odonate species observed will be identified and all sexually mature male

and ovipositing female individuals counted. Odonate exuviae will be recorded

qualitatively. Habitat use and breeding activity shall also be recorded, as well as

evidence of breeding success in the form of final instar larval exuviae, which are

collected and identified. All butterfly species will be identified and numbers estimated

quantitatively or semi-quantitatively.

Monitoring of Herpetofauna

7.3.4 Herpetofauna surveys focus on breeding amphibians and the reptile community.

Monitoring of the Target Species, Chinese Bullfrog, is required in order to demonstrate

success in reaching the target of the recreated wetland. One half-day night-time survey

(primarily aimed at detecting breeding amphibians) will be conducted each month

during wet season (i.e., from March to October). Night time surveys will be undertaken

during 18.00 – 22.00 hours and focus on the detection of vocalizing amphibians and

sight of reptiles. During the surveys a fixed survey route will be walked. All reptiles

and amphibians observed or heard will be identified, and their abundance estimated.

Habitat use and breeding activity are recorded.

Monitoring of Aquatic Community

7.3.5 Monitoring of aquatic fauna, including freshwater macro-invertebrates (e.g. freshwater

crabs, shrimps, freshwater mollusks and aquatic insect larvae) and fishes will be

conducted at six monthly intervals at the end of the wet season (October) and the end

of the dry season (March).



7.3.6 Sweep-netting will be used to sample aquatic invertebrate in the water column and

clinging to vegetation at the water bund interface. The sweep-net will be a D-shaped

net of 30 cm diameter with a 1 mm mesh. Each sample will comprise two 2-metre

sweeps of the net from which all captured specimens are removed. The first sweep will

be carried out at the water surface and the second as close to the wetland bed as possible.

Each set of sweeps will be taken along the water-bund interface. Two randomly located

replicate samples will be taken from.

7.3.7 Samples will be placed in labelled containers together with preservative for transporting

to the laboratory. Once in the laboratory, specimens will be rinsed in water, placed on

a white sorting tray and sorted for identification to species level using a binocular

microscope. Where partial body parts are identified, only heads will be counted. The

number of each macro-invertebrate species will be ascertained for each replicate sample

for all taxa groups.

7.3.8 Throw and drag-netting will be used to sample freshwater fish. A fishing throw-net with

a mesh size of 30 mm, a diameter of about 4 m and a surface area of about 14 m2 will

be used to catch larger fish and a drag net of mesh size < 10 mm will be used to sample

smaller fish and shrimps. Five randomly-placed replicates with each net are conducted.

Fish will be identified to species and the weight and length recorded (if fish length is

greater than 10 cm) and then released back into the wetland.

Monitoring of Habitats Types

7.3.9 Habitat monitoring will be conducted at six monthly intervals at the end of the wet

season and the end of the dry season.

Monitoring of Ceratopteris thalictroides and Other Vegetation Cover

7.3.10 Detailed floristic surveys will be conducted in each habitat type (emergent plants and

submerged plants) at six monthly intervals at the end of the wet season and the end of

the dry season. Transects with a fixed number of 2m x 2m quadrats will run through

each habitat area.

7.3.11 Within each quadrat, all plant species and their densities will be identified to species-

level and estimated respectively. The percentage cover each species will also be

measured. The tallest height of each plant species will be measured to be the nearest

cm. Any rare or protected species will also be identified within the quadrats.

7.3.12 In addition, monitoring of the Target Species, Ceratopteris thalictroides, is required in

order to demonstrate success in reaching the target of the recreated wetland. Abundance,

height, growth form and conditions of this species Within each quadrat will be

measured and recorded.

Pedology Monitoring

7.3.13 Sediment will be monitored yearly in the early wet season. Three sediment samples will

be collected and sent to a HOKLAS-accredited laboratory for analysis. The following

parameters will be monitored:

• % Volatile solids



• Oxidation/Reduction (Redox) potential

• pH

• Total nitrogen

• Total organic carbon

• Total phosphorus

• Total reactive phosphorus

Monitoring of Water Quality

7.3.14 In-situ water quality will be measured once per month. The following parameters will

be monitored:

• Temperature

• pH

• Salinity

• Turbidity

• Dissolved oxygen

7.3.15 Additional measurements of these parameters should also be made in order to inform

management decisions (e.g. transplantation programme) and in response to unexpected

events (e.g. algal blooms).

7.3.16 In addition, every six months (end of the wet season and end of the dry season) water

samples will be sent to a HOKLAS-accredited laboratory for analysis. The following

parameters will be monitored:

• Ammoniacal nitrogen

• Five-day biochemical oxygen demand

• Total oxidized nitrogen (nitrite and nitrate)

• Total phosphorus

• Total reactive phosphorus (orthophosphate)



Table 7.1 Summary of Ecological Monitoring for the Pak Lap WRA.

Construction Phase Ecological

Monitoring

Operational Phase Ecological

Monitoring

Birds Monthly. Monthly.

Odonates and

Butterflies

Once per month during March to

November

Once per month during March

to November.

Herpetofauna Once per month during March to

October .

Once per month during March

to October.

Aquatic

Community Not required.

At six monthly intervals at the

end of the wet season and the

end of the dry season.

Habitat types Not required.




Vegetation cover Not required.




Ceratopteris

thalictroides Once per month during wet season.

Once per month during wet

season.

Pedology Not required. Yearly in the early wet season.

Water Quality

Following filling with water

monthly for in situ water quality

and every six months (end of the

wet season and end of the dry

season) for laboratory testing.

Monthly for in situ water

quality and every six months

(end of the wet season and end

of the dry season) for laboratory

testing.

Site Inspections Weekly. Twice per month.

7.4 Review of Wildlife and Habitat Monitoring Programme and Consequent

Adaptive Management

7.4.1 Findings of the wildlife and habitat monitoring programme detailed above will be

reviewed on a monthly basis (or more frequently if species targets are not being met)

by a wetland ecologist to identify necessary adjustments to the management regime.

7.4.2 In addition, weekly inspections of the WRA and adjacent areas will be conducted during

the construction and establishment phase, any events detrimental to the operation of the

wetlands highlighted and suitable remedial action taken.

7.4.3 The monitoring programme will be sufficiently flexible to allow additional inspections

in the event of events which may materially affect wetland function (e.g. typhoons,

flooding, pollution events) and the monitoring of subsequent remedial actions.



7.5 Contingency Plan

7.5.1 Should the monitoring programme identify those certain criteria (e.g. number of Target

Species) are not being met; actions will be conducted to improve the habitats. Table

7.2 describes the action and limit levels and the action plan.

Table 7.2 Contingency Plan

Parameters Action Level Limit Level Action

Flooding/storm

damage

N/A N/A Review damage in conjunction with

short term weather forecast. Review

damage and determine severity and

undertake repairs/modifications to

the design.

Undesirable

plant

species

> 10% of

vegetation in

WRA

> 20% of

vegetation in

WRA

Action level exceedance:

removal by weeding.

Limit level exceedance:

removal by weeding, if problem is

likely to return/deteriorate review

design and management regime.

Undesirable

fauna

including

invasive/exotic

aquatic

invertebrates

Presence Negatively

impacting

wetland function


treatment or removal (or other

method if suitable).


increase frequency of treatment or

removal (or other method if

suitable), review management

protocols and design.

pH pH outside the

range between

6.5 – 8.0

pH outside the

range between

6.0 – 8.5


double the monitoring frequency,

identify and review the problem. If

the problem is likely to deteriorate,

the action plan for limit level

exceedance should be implemented.


mix with other water sources/other

measures.

Dissolved

oxygen

< 2 mg/l < 1 mg/l Action level exceedance:









pump and mix water/ aeration/

remove identified contamination

source/ other measures.

Total oxidized

nitrogen

(nitrite and

nitrate)

concentration

> 5 mg/l > 10 mg/l Action level exceedance:






Limit level exceedance: water

exchange/ add water/ remove

identified contamination source/

other measures.

Total

phosphorus

concentration








water exchange/ add water/ remove


other measures.

Total ammonia

concentration








water exchange/ add water/ remove


other measures.

Target species

abundance

Abundances of

all target species

< specified

target levels in

two successive

monitoring

periods

Abundances of

all target species

< specified

target levels in

four successive

monitoring

periods


Review the monitoring data and

reasons for low numbers of target

species. If the reduction in

abundance is attributable to

activities within the site, stop/

reduce such activity or carry out

other measures (e.g. erect buffering

screen or buffer planting). If the

reduction in abundance is

attributable to disturbance from

outside the site (e.g. intense

construction activity outside the

site), increase buffering screen



(short-term) and/or buffer planting

(long-term) or carry out other

measures. If the reduction in

abundance is attributable to external

factors (e.g. natural population

fluctuation) or other man-made

factors increase the monitoring

frequency, identify and review the

problem, and review the

management regime. If the problem

is likely to worsen, the action plan

for limit level exceedance should be

carried out.


Review the management regime

and carry out restocking/ erect

buffering screen (short-term)/

increase buffer planting (long-

term)/ other measures

7.6 Resources Requirement for Wetland Construction and Operating

Construction

7.6.1 The resources requirement given in Table 7.3 below which is based on the assumption

that the construction is undertaken by a landscape contactor; detailed design, project

management and contract supervision by the developer or his representative are not

included. It is assumed that no electricity supply is required (i.e. no lighting). All

estimates are indicative and are subject to detailed design.

Table 7.3 Construction Phase Resources Requirement

Item Notes

Site preparation and re-contour May require import or export of fill material

from site.

Wetland plants & planting Approximately 590 m2 planting area

Water control devices Material and installation cost. Dependent

upon detailed design.

Ecological monitoring team Surveys of birds, herpetofauna, dragonflies,

butterflies, aquatic & benthic invertebrates,

pedology and water quality

Ecological monitoring team Surveys of birds, herpetofauna, dragonflies,

butterflies, aquatic &

benthic invertebrates, pedology and water

quality

Wetland Ecologist (construction phase) Advise on wetland restoration, enhancement

and management.



Annual Management and Maintenance Resources Requirement

7.6.2 The estimated Annual Management and Maintenance Resources Requirement is shown

in Table 7.4. This is based upon the requirement that a wetland contractor will

undertake the instructed management actions. The wetland contractor may be

horticultural workers directly appointed by the future Park operator.

Table 7.4 Annual Management and Maintenance Phase Resources Requirement

Item Quantity Notes

Site Foreman One Full-time

Labourer Two Full-time

Small backhoe 10 days Hired as needed for

maintenance.

Mobile pumps 2 (600 l/minute capacity) Assume annual replacement.

Pipe for pumps As required Assume annual replacement.

Fuel for pumps As required Annual budget required.

Strimmer 3 Assume annual replacement

Misc. hand tools Four sets of general hand tools

(rakes, shears, etc)

Protective equipment Four sets of suitable protection

equipment (including goggles,

gloves etc.)

Plant material As required Replacement planting

Misc. materials As required Annual budget required.

REPORTING

8.1.1 The data obtained from the monitoring programme will be used to inform adaptive

management measures. Monitoring data and information regarding adaptive

management measures undertaken will be recorded and keep at site for inspection by

the relevant authorities (e.g. AFCD and EPD) upon request. The records shall be

maintained for at least three years before destruction.



REFERENCES

Chan, S. K. F., Cheung, K. S., Ho, C. Y., Lam, F. N., Tang, W. S., Lau, M. W. N., & Bogadek,

A. (2005). A field guide to the amphibians of Hong Kong. Friends of Country Parks and

Cosmos Books, Hong Kong.

Fellowes, J. R., Lau, M. W., Dudgeon, D., Reels, G. T., Ades, G. W., Carey, G. J., ... & Yu, Y.

T. (2002). Wild animals to watch: Terrestrial and freshwater fauna of conservation concern in

Hong Kong. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society, 25, 123-159.

Hu, Q. (2003). Rare and Precious Plants of Hong Kong. Agriculture fisheries and conservation

department, the government of the Hong Kong special administrative region.

Jiang, Z., Jiang, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, E., Zhang, Y., Li, L., ... & Ping, X. (2016). Red list of

China’s vertebrates. Biodiversity Science, 24(5), 500.

Drawing No.:

Rev./

Date:

Drawn :

Scale:

Check:

Figure 10

Oct 2021

LL

As shown

YH

Proposed Sai Kung Pak Lap Nature

Education Park at Various Lots in

DD 368, Pak Lap, Sai Kung

Location of the Proposed

Wetland Restoration Area

Block 1

Block 2

Block 3

Drawing No.:

Rev./

Date:

Drawn :

Scale:

Check:

Figure 20

Oct 2021

LL

As shown

YH

+4.35 mPD +4.90 mPD

+5.10 mPD (maximum water level during wet season)

+4.10 mPD

+5.10 mPD

A A’

Proposed Sai Kung Pak Lap Nature

Education Park at Various Lots in

DD 368, Pak Lap, Sai Kung Proposed Habitat Layout of the WRA

A

A’

Attachment 5 - info.gov.hk

Documents

Transcript of Attachment 5 - info.gov.hk