Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher...

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Transcript of Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher...

Page 1: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

AtomsAtoms and and MoleculesMolecules

Parts of the AtomParts of the Atom

Page 2: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What is an atom?DemocritusDemocritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer be divided. He called this atomos, greek for indivisible.

AtomAtom = the smallest part, indivisible.

Page 3: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What is Atomic Theory?

Atomic theory states that atoms are the building blocks of all matter.

• Matter is any material substance that occupies space and has weight.– Matter makes up ALL the observable

universe

Page 4: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Parts of the atomParts of the atomAtoms have a nucleus and an

outer cloud that are made up of smaller parts called subatomic subatomic particles.particles.

ProtonsProtonsIn the NucleusIn the Nucleus

NeutronsNeutrons

In the electron cloudIn the electron cloud ElectronsElectrons

Page 5: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Subatomic ParticlesSubatomic Particles• ProtonProton = the

ppositive “+”“+” charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.– Protons have mass.

• NeutronNeutron = the nneutral (no charge) particle in the nucleus of an atom.– Neutrons have mass

• ElectronElectron = the negative “-”“-” charged particle orbiting around the nucleus of an atom.– Electrons have very

little mass.

Page 6: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What do atoms look like?

Page 7: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.
Page 8: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.
Page 9: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.
Page 10: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.
Page 11: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What is matter?

Page 12: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Subatomic Particle Comparison

Relative Relative MassMass

Electrical Electrical ChargeCharge

Location in Location in the atomthe atom

ProtonProton 1 amu 1 + Part of the nucleus

NeutroNeutronn

1 amu None Part of the nucleus

ElectroElectronn

0.0005 amu 1 - Moves around the nucleus in the electron cloud

Page 13: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Models: Why use them?

• Models are used to help us see, and understand, something that can not be observed directly, or easily.

• Models help us understand how something is built or how something works.

Page 14: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What is a model?

Page 15: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What is a model?

• A model is a description or physical A model is a description or physical representation of something.representation of something.

• We must make mental models for We must make mental models for things that we can not see.things that we can not see.

Page 16: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Scientific ModelsScientific Models

Page 17: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Early Models of the Atom

John DaltonJ. J. Thomson

Ernest RutherfordNeils Bohr

Page 18: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Early Models of the Atom

John Dalton J. J. Thomson

Ernest Rutherford Neils Bohr

Page 19: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Evolution of Atom Models

Page 20: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

The Electron Cloud Model

Page 21: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Atomic NumberAtomic Number• Atomic numberAtomic number is the number of protonsnumber of protons in

the atom of an element.• The atomic number of an element is found

using the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Page 22: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Atomic MassAtomic Mass

• Atomic massAtomic mass is the mass of the atom, or how much the atom weighs. – Different atoms have different masses

because of the different number of protons and neutrons.

• Atomic massAtomic mass is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Atomic massAtomic mass = protons + neutrons = protons + neutrons

Page 23: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Atom TermsAtom Terms

Page 24: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Atoms Form Atoms Form ElementsElements

• An elementelement is the simplest form of a substance.

• If we break an element down any smaller we get protons, neutrons and electrons in known proportions. If we do this we lose the characteristics of the substance.

Page 25: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Atoms of Elements Combine to Atoms of Elements Combine to Form MoleculesForm Molecules

• Atoms will combine with other atoms and Atoms will combine with other atoms and form molecules.form molecules.

• Examples are:Examples are:

Oxygen + Oxygen = OOxygen + Oxygen = O22 (oxygen molecule) (oxygen molecule)

Hydrogen + Oxygen = HHydrogen + Oxygen = H22O (water molecule)O (water molecule)

Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen = CCarbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen = C66HH1212OO66 (sugar (sugar

molecule)molecule)

Page 26: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What are Molecules?What are Molecules?• A A moleculemolecule is two or is two or

more atoms joined more atoms joined together.together.– Example is water, Example is water,

HH22OO

Page 27: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What do molecules look like?

Page 28: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Salt Molecule

Page 29: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What Are Subatomic Forces?What Are Subatomic Forces?

• Subatomic forces are forces within the atom that are responsible for holding the atom together.

• Subatomic forces explain the behavior of the subatomic particles.

• The four subatomic forces are:– Electromagnetic force– Strong force– Weak force – Gravity

Page 30: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What is What is Electromagnetic ForceElectromagnetic Force??

• Electromagnetic forceElectromagnetic force is a force of attraction.– It can either attract or repel the particles on

which it acts.– If the particles have opposite chargesopposite charges, such

as a proton (+) and an electron (-), the electromagnetic force is a force of attractionattraction.

– If the particles have the same chargessame charges, such as two protons (+) (+), the electromagnetic force is a force of repulsionrepulsion.

Page 31: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.
Page 32: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What is Strong Force?What is Strong Force?

• Strong forceStrong force is the force that “glues” the protons together to form the nucleus of an atom.

• The strong forcestrong force opposes the electromagnetic force.

Page 33: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What is What is Weak ForceWeak Force??

• The weak forceweak force is the key to the power of the sun, it is responsible for a process called radioactive decay.– During radioactive decay a neutron in the

nucleus changes into a proton and an electron.

Page 34: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

What is What is GravityGravity??

• GravityGravity is the force of attraction exerted between all objects in nature.

• GravityGravity is the weakest force known in nature.

Page 35: Atoms and Molecules Parts of the Atom. What is an atom? Democritus Democritus, a Greek philosopher theorized that at some point a substance can no longer.

Atomic Structure Review

• Parts of the atom:• Subatomic particles

– ProtonProton: “+”“+” charge found in the nucleus

– NeutronNeutron: nono charge found in the nucleus

– ElectronElectron: “-”“-” charge found outside nucleus in electron cloud

• Atomic numberAtomic number = # of protons

• Atomic massAtomic mass = protons + neutrons

• Models of the atom:– DaltonDalton– ThomsonThomson– RutherfordRutherford– BohrBohr– Electron CloudElectron Cloud


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THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM - Parkway · PDF file1 the structure of the atom atomic models pioneers of the atom •democritus •lavoisier •dalton •thompson •rutherford •bohr

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM - Parkway · PDF file1 the structure of the atom atomic models pioneers of the atom •democritus •lavoisier •dalton •thompson •rutherford •bohr

Democritus Aristotle -400 B.C. - Coined the term “atom” -384-322 B.C. - Believed matter is continuous.

Democritus Aristotle -400 B.C. - Coined the term “atom” -384-322 B.C. - Believed matter is continuous.

Atomic History 3/23/15. Democritus Theories ·The first known idea of the atom was proposed by this Greek philosopher ·According to Democritus, all matter.

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The Atom Real life’s Legos®. Democritus, the Giggler Democritus, known in antiquity as the ‘laughing philosopher’ because of his emphasis on the value.

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Chapter 4 “Atomic Structure”. Section 4.1 Defining the Atom Greek philosopher Democritus Greek philosopher Democritus (460 B.C. – 370 B.C.) suggested.

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History of the Atom · PDF file · 2017-10-05History of the Atom ... the Model of an Atom. Democritus ... J.J. Thomson discovers the electron and

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Atomic Theory - images.pcmac.orgimages.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/GA/DouglasCounty/FairplayMiddle/... · 460 BC Democritus develops the idea of atoms ... of atom An atom of one ...

Atomic Theory - images.pcmac.orgimages.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/GA/DouglasCounty/FairplayMiddle/... · 460 BC Democritus develops the idea of atoms ... of atom An atom of one ...

The History Of The Model Of The Atom · Democritus 460-370 b.C. Democritus created the first model of the atom. The matter is composed of tiny and invisible units called atoms. The

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THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM ATOMIC MODELS PIONEERS OF THE ATOM DEMOCRITUS LAVOISIER DALTON THOMPSON MILLIKEN RUTHERFORD DEMOCRITUS LAVOISIER DALTON THOMPSON.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM ATOMIC MODELS PIONEERS OF THE ATOM DEMOCRITUS LAVOISIER DALTON THOMPSON MILLIKEN RUTHERFORD DEMOCRITUS LAVOISIER DALTON THOMPSON.

, who was from was the first person to use the term atom during B.C. Democritus defined the atom as being. opposed Democritus because believed that.

, who was from was the first person to use the term atom during B.C. Democritus defined the atom as being. opposed Democritus because believed that.

The Changing Models of the Atom. Democritus 460 – 370 BCE.

The Changing Models of the Atom. Democritus 460 – 370 BCE.

Chapter 4 Atomic Structure. Defining the Atom Early Models of the Atom Democritus – Greek philosopher suggested the existence of the atom around 400 BC.

Chapter 4 Atomic Structure. Defining the Atom Early Models of the Atom Democritus – Greek philosopher suggested the existence of the atom around 400 BC.

Ch. 4: Atomic Structure 4.1 Defining the Atom Democritus, Dalton atomic theories 4.2 Structure of the Nuclear Atom proton, neutron, electron, plum pudding.

Ch. 4: Atomic Structure 4.1 Defining the Atom Democritus, Dalton atomic theories 4.2 Structure of the Nuclear Atom proton, neutron, electron, plum pudding.

The Atom Philosophy to Scientific Theory I. The Atom: Philosophy to Scientific Theory Ancient Greek Philosophers theorized on what the universe was.

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The ATOM. A History of the Atom as brief as possible Democritus – matter can be divided – coined ‘atom’ Aristotle – matter is continuous Jump to 1700’s.

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Atomic Theory: the beginning Chapter 3 Part I. Democritus An Ancient Greek Theorized about the existence of atoms. Did not use Scientific Method.

Atomic Theory: the beginning Chapter 3 Part I. Democritus An Ancient Greek Theorized about the existence of atoms. Did not use Scientific Method.

Atoms and Their Structure History of the Atom n n Original idea (400 B.C.) came from Democritus, a Greek philosopher n n Democritus expressed the belief.

Atoms and Their Structure History of the Atom n n Original idea (400 B.C.) came from Democritus, a Greek philosopher n n Democritus expressed the belief.

Democritus: The Atom (around 400 BCE) Democritus thought matter could be divided into smaller and smaller pieces until a single indivisible particle is.

Democritus: The Atom (around 400 BCE) Democritus thought matter could be divided into smaller and smaller pieces until a single indivisible particle is.