Atoms and Molecules 2.1 Elements and Atoms. Why do we need to study chemistry in a biology class? ...
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Transcript of Atoms and Molecules 2.1 Elements and Atoms. Why do we need to study chemistry in a biology class? ...
![Page 1: Atoms and Molecules 2.1 Elements and Atoms. Why do we need to study chemistry in a biology class? Elements are _____ Matter is _____ Solid, liquid,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081516/5697bf931a28abf838c8fd84/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Atoms and Molecules
2.1 Elements and Atoms
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Why do we need to study chemistry in a biology class? Elements are _____
Matter is _____ Solid, liquid, gas 92 are natural
Six are basic for life CHNOPS Others: Na, K, Ca,
Fe, Mg Periodic table
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What are atoms? Smallest part of an _________ Important terms
Atomic symbol Atomic mass (not weight) Atomic number Atomic particles include:
Electron shell
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What is a mole? Used as a standardizing unit
Avogadro’s number 6.023 X 1023
We’ll play with this later…
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What are isotopes? Different number of ___ Same atomic _________ Different atomic ______ Sometimes radioactive
Used as a tracer (e.g. I)
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How are electrons arranged in an atom? Bohr diagrams
These show orbitals 1st energy shell =
___ electrons 2nd energy shell =
___ electrons 3rd energy shell =
___ electrons Octet rule
Determines bonding behavior Two or more atoms
bonded together = _______
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Atoms and Molecules
2.2 Bonds form molecules
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What is a molecule? Two or more _______ sharing
electrons Molecules are the smallest form
of a _______ Diatomic molecules
Several types of bonds Ionic Covalent
Polar Non-polar
Hydrogen
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What is an ionic bond? One atom ______
an electron Creates ions Bond = attraction
between opposite charges
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What is a covalent bond? Two atoms ________ electrons
Single Double Triple
Two types Non-polar Polar
Water is best example
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What are hydrogen bonds? Not a true bond Due to the polar covalent nature of molecule
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Atoms and Molecules
2.3 Properties of water
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What are the properties of water? Polar Universal solvent Cohesion Adhesion High heat capacity High surface tension Solid water is less dense than
liquid water
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What is polarity again? Other molecules may be defined as
Hydrophobic hydrophilic
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Why is water a good solvent? First some terms
Solution = ______ + _____ Water is polar…
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What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion? Cohesion
Due to ____ bonding Adhesion
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What is high heat capacity and why is it important? Calorie = amount of heat
needed to raise ______ of water by ______.
Hydrogen bonds change melting and boiling points Without hydrogen
Would melt at -100 degrees C Would boil at -91 degrees C
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What is high surface tension? Due to hydrogen bonds
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Why is it important that liquid water is more dense than solid water?
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Atoms and Molecules
2.4 Acids, bases and pH
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What is pH? = -log[H+] pH scale
How was it created?
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What are acidic solutions? Donate________________
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What are basic solutions? Either take up ____ or
release _____
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What is a buffer? Important in our blood!