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Transcript of Atomicstructure isotopes-100312015827-phpapp02
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1. Recap Atomic Structure
2. Isotopes
Lesson Objectives
NEW
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1. Recap Atomic Structure
2. Isotopes
Lesson Objectives
NEW
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C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure
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C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure
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The Atomic Structure
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WHAT IS AN ATOM?Atoms are the smallest particle of an element.
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WHAT IS AN ELEMENT?•An element is a ____ substance that cannot be _____up into 2 or more simpler substances by chemical processes.
purespilt
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The Story of Atoms
Ernest Rutherford (1871 -1937)
Democritus 460 BC
Sir James Chadwick (1891 -1974)
1898
Joseph John Thompson (1856-1940)
Atoms have positive charges concentrated in their small nucleus!
There are neutrons!
ATOMA
PLUM PUDDING
MODEL
Niels Bohr(1885-1962)
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Bohr’s Atom
electrons in orbits
nucleus
http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/atom.swf
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Structure of Atom
10
An atom consists mostly of empty space.
Negatively charged electrons move around the nucleus in fixed orbits or paths.
A positively charged nucleus, densely concentrated in the centre. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, which are tightly packed.
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C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure
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C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure
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Relative Charges & Relative Masses Of Protons, Neutrons & Electrons
Sub-atomic particles
Symbol Relative mass
Relative charge
*Proton p 1 +1
*Neutron n 1 0
*Electron e 1/1840 -1
•When No. of proton = no. of electrons in an atom•It is electrically neutral•It has no net charge.
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C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure
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C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure
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16
O16
8
chemical symbol
mass number(nucleon number)
proton number(atomic number)
P=ENo. of protons= no. of electrons
atomic number (proton number) is the number of protons in an atom.Each oxygen atom has 8 protons.
As the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in an atom, each oxygen atom contains 8 electrons.
Mass=P+N
mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.Number of neutrons in the oxygen atom is: 16 – 8 = 8.
Interpreting Chemical Symbol
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C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure
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C. Chemical symbols
B. Relative masses and charges of proton, neutron and electron
A. Structure of atom
D. Electronic configuration
Recap on Atomic Structure
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The Electronic Configuration of Atoms
O O16
8
Mass number(Nucleon)
Atomicnumber(Proton)
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The Electronic Configuration of Atoms
Mg
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Summary for Atomic Structure (I)
• The structure of an atom• The relative charges & relative masses of
proton, neutron & electron • Defined mass number & atomic number• Learnt how to interpret chemical symbols• The electronic configuration of atoms
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1. Recap Atomic Structure
2. Isotopes
Lesson Objectives
NEW
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Today…
Isotopes
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Isotopes
1. Definition of Isotopes
2. Uses of Isotopes
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Isotopes
1. Definition of Isotopes
2. Uses of Isotopes
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Activity
• Find your fellow group members! (1min)
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Definition of Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element which contains the same number of protons but different
number of neutrons.
SAME P DIFFERENT N
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Isotopes
O16
8
mass number
proton number
Oxygen-16 Oxygen-17 Oxygen-18
O O17
8
18
8
n = 8 n = 17 – 8 = 9
n = 18 – 8 = 10
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Isotopes
Isotopes have the same chemical properties but slightly different
physical properties
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Q. DO ALL ISOTOPES OF THE SAME ELEMENT HAVE THE SAME MASS?
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Isotopes
1. Definition of Isotopes
2. Uses of Isotopes
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Pair Work
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Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
• Food irradiation• Archaeological dating (carbon-dating)• Smoke detectors• Radioactive tracers
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Summary
1. Definition of Isotopes
2. Uses of Isotopes
Recap on Atomic Structure
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Definition of Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element which contains the same number of protons but different
number of neutrons.
SAME P DIFFERENT N
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Quiz
• http://chemistry.about.com/library/weekly/blionquiz.htm