Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C....

48
Atomic Theory

TAGS:

Transcript of Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C....

Page 1: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Atomic Theory

Page 2: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

The History of the Atom

Original idea – Greek

Democritus – 460 B.C.

Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’

that everything was made from

Called them ATOMS

Page 3: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Then comes…

John DaltonHe was a British school teacher.

Page 4: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Dalton’s Atomic Theory (~1803)

All matter is made of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.

Atoms of the same element are identical.

Atoms of different elements combine in whole number ratios to form compounds.

Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms.

Page 5: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

+ +

Nothing is created or destroyed, just rearranged…

Law of Conservation of Mass

Page 6: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Mendeleev—First Periodic Table (~ 1869)

As he attempted to classify elements by their properties, he noticed patterns that appeared “periodically” when elements were arranged in columns by increasing atomic mass.

Page 7: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

First Periodic Table—Arranged by Increasing Atomic Mass

Page 8: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

J. J. Thomson

Page 9: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

J.J. Thomson—Discovery of the Electron (~ 1897)

Used a piece of equipment called a cathode ray tube

Voltage Source

+-

Vacuum Tube

Metal Disks

Page 10: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Passing an electric current through the tube creates a beam that moves from the negative to the positive end.

Voltage source

+-

Thomson’s Experiment

Page 11: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Voltage source

By adding a magnetic field he found that the particles of the beam were negatively charged, because they were attracted to the positive end of the magnetic field.

+

-

Page 12: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.
Page 13: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.
Page 14: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Thomson’s Model—Plum Pudding

The atom is a bunch of positive “stuff” likened to pudding with electrons scattered throughout like raisins

Page 15: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Max Planck—Quantum Nature of Energy (~ 1900)Energy can be only be measured in

discreet units or “packets” called quantaDeveloped quantum mechanics

Think of the plank (Planck) of a ship—it’s a piece of a ship like a quantum is a piece of energy.

Mnemonic:

Page 16: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Albert Einstein (~ 1905)Theorized that light can behave as a

particle called a photon

Page 17: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Robert Millikan (~ 1908)Discovered the exact charge of the

electron using the Oil Drop Experiment

−1.602×10−19 Coulombs

Page 18: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Ernest Rutherford

Page 19: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Rutherford—Discovery of Nucleus(~ 1911)

Student of Thomson’s—believed in the plum pudding model of the atom.

Thomson and

Rutherford

Page 20: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

• Used positively charged radioactive particles called alpha particles to probe the atom

• Shot them at gold foil which can be made a few atoms thick

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

2+

Page 21: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Lead block

Radium

Gold Foil

Fluorescent Screen

When the alpha particles hit the fluorescent screen, the screen would glow.

Page 22: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

What he expected…

The alpha particles should pass through without changing direction very much.

Page 23: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Because…he thought the charges were evenly distributed throughout the atom.

Page 24: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

What he got…

Page 25: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

How he explained it:The atom is mostly empty space. It contains a small, dense, positive

area at the center.Alpha particles are deflected by this

area if they get close enough.

+

Page 26: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

+

Page 27: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Rutherford’s ModelA dense positive

core in the atomCalled the nucleus

Electrons move randomly around this core

Atom is mostly empty space

+

Page 28: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Other Scientists You Need to Know…

Listed Chronologically by Approximate Date of

Contribution

Page 29: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Niels Bohr (~ 1912)Applied the concepts of Planck and Einstein

to theorize that electrons are restricted to certain energy levels.

They must travel in orbits around the nucleusCalled the Planetary Model

Page 30: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Henry Moseley (~ 1913)Studied under RutherfordDeveloped the modern periodic table

arranged by atomic number instead of mass

Page 31: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Louis de Broglie—Duality of Particles and Waves (~ 1924)Theorized that electrons can behave as both

particles and waves

Page 32: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Werner Heisenberg (~ 1927)Uncertainty Principle:

We cannot know both the position and the momentum of a quantum particle.

Page 33: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Erwin Schrodinger—Modern Mathematical Model (~ 1928)

• Developed the model of the atom that we use today

• Based on the idea of de Broglie that particles behave as waves—called wave mechanics

• A mathematical model (difficult to picture!)

His model is called the Quantum Mechanical Model.

Page 34: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Finally…James Chadwick (~ 1932)

Discovered the neutron

Oops—Wrong Neutron!

Page 35: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Which is Whose???

Page 36: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

RUTHERFOD

PLANCK

MENDELEEV

MILLIKAN

DALTON

THOMSON

DETERMINED THE EXACT CHARGE OF AN ELECTRON USING THE OIL

DROP EXPERIMENT

Page 37: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

RUTHERFORD

PLANCK

MENDELEEV

DALTON

THOMSON

HEISENBERG

FIRST ATOMIC THEORY

Page 38: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

RUTHERFORD

PLANCK

MENDELEEV

DALTON

THOMSON

HEISENBERG

DISCOVERED ELECTRON USING CATHODE RAY TUBE—PROPOSED

PLUM PUDDING MODEL

Page 39: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

RUTHERFORD

PLANCK

MENDELEEV

MILLIKAN

DALTON

MOSELEY

FIRST PERIODIC TABLE—ARRANGED BY MASS

Page 40: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

RUTHERFORD

PLANCK

MENDELEEV

HEISENBERG

THOMSON

MILLIKAN

UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE

Page 41: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

RUTHERFORD

PLANCK

SHRODINGER

THOMSON

DALTON

CHADWICK

DISCOVERED NUCLEUS USING GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT

Page 42: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

EINSTEIN

PLANCK

MENDELEEV

SHRODINGER

DE BROGLIE

HEISENBERG

QUANTUM NATURE OF ENERGY

Page 43: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

MOSELEY

SCHRODINGER

EINSTEIN

DE BROGLIE

DEMOCRITUS

CHADWICK

PARTICLE AND WAVE DUALITY

Page 44: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

MOSELEY

SCHRODINGER

EINSTEIN

CHADWICK

BOHR

DE BROGLIE

PLANETARY MODEL

Page 45: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

MOSELEY

SCHRODINGER

EINSTEIN

BOHR

DE BROGLIE

MENDELEEV

MODERN PERIODIC TABLE—ARRANGED BY ATOMIC

NUMBER

Page 46: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

PUT THESE MODELS IN ORDER FROM EARLIEST TO LATEST

BOHR—PLANETARY

RUTHERFORD—NUCLEAR

SCHRODINGER—MATHEMATICAL

DALTON—INDIVISIBLE

THOMPSON—PLUM PUDDING

Page 47: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

WHAT WAS THE NAME OF RUTHERFORD’S EXPERIMENT?

Page 48: Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

WHICH SCIENTIST USED A CATHODE RAY TUBE?


Atomic Structure & Electron Configuration Ch.3. (3-1) Atomic Theory All matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms Certain characteristics.

Atomic Structure & Electron Configuration Ch.3. (3-1) Atomic Theory All matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms Certain characteristics.

Development of Atomic Theory 400 B.C. -Democritus was first to use the word : atom atomos meaning “indivisible” Aristotle (famous philosopher) disputed.

Development of Atomic Theory 400 B.C. -Democritus was first to use the word : atom atomos meaning “indivisible” Aristotle (famous philosopher) disputed.

Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements. Dalton’s Atomic Theory ( beginning of 19 th century ) All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atomsAll.

Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements. Dalton’s Atomic Theory ( beginning of 19 th century ) All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atomsAll.

The History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus 300 BC Atom the indivisible; cannot be further broken down into smaller pieces". The atom as the smallest.

The History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus 300 BC Atom the indivisible; cannot be further broken down into smaller pieces". The atom as the smallest.

1 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. 2 Atomic Theory of Matter Postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory –All matter is composed of indivisible atoms. An atom is.

1 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. 2 Atomic Theory of Matter Postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory –All matter is composed of indivisible atoms. An atom is.

Electrons in Atoms Chapter 5. What were the early steps in the development of atomic theory? John Dalton – Billiard Ball Theory. Atom was indivisible.

Electrons in Atoms Chapter 5. What were the early steps in the development of atomic theory? John Dalton – Billiard Ball Theory. Atom was indivisible.

Chemistry Chemical Bonding. The Development of Atomic Models 1. Dalton – solid, indivisible mass.

Chemistry Chemical Bonding. The Development of Atomic Models 1. Dalton – solid, indivisible mass.

Chapter 2 Atoms & Elements. Dalton’s Atomic Theory ( beginning of 19 th century ) All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atomsAll.

Chapter 2 Atoms & Elements. Dalton’s Atomic Theory ( beginning of 19 th century ) All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atomsAll.

1.cdn.edl.io · Web viewBasic Overview of Atomic Theory Atomic Theory – History Democritus – “ Atomos ” – indivisible particles Lavoisier – Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter

1.cdn.edl.io · Web viewBasic Overview of Atomic Theory Atomic Theory – History Democritus – “ Atomos ” – indivisible particles Lavoisier – Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter

Atomic Physics. Atomic structure discovered Ancient Greeks Democritus (460-362 BC) - indivisible particles called “atoms” Prevailing argument (Plato and.

Atomic Physics. Atomic structure discovered Ancient Greeks Democritus (460-362 BC) - indivisible particles called “atoms” Prevailing argument (Plato and.

Atomic Theory Ancient Greeks believed that elements must be made up of small indivisible particles they called atomos, meaning indivisible…where the word.

Atomic Theory Ancient Greeks believed that elements must be made up of small indivisible particles they called atomos, meaning indivisible…where the word.

Electrons in Atoms Chapter 5. Do you remember the early steps in development of atomic theory? John Dalton – Billiard Ball Theory –atom was indivisible.

Electrons in Atoms Chapter 5. Do you remember the early steps in development of atomic theory? John Dalton – Billiard Ball Theory –atom was indivisible.

Development of the Atomic Theory. Democritus 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom ; calls it Atomos meaning indivisible. His.

Development of the Atomic Theory. Democritus 460 BC - Greek philosopher proposes the existence of the atom ; calls it Atomos meaning indivisible. His.

ATOMS, MOLECULES, AND IONS Chapter 2. 2Dr. Said M. El-Kurdi 2.1 THE ATOMIC THEORY OF MATTER Material world made up of tiny indivisible particles they.

ATOMS, MOLECULES, AND IONS Chapter 2. 2Dr. Said M. El-Kurdi 2.1 THE ATOMIC THEORY OF MATTER Material world made up of tiny indivisible particles they.

Atomic Theory. Greek Model - Fourth and Fifth Centuries BC The word atom is from the Greek word atomos, which means indivisible or uncut This was the.

Atomic Theory. Greek Model - Fourth and Fifth Centuries BC The word atom is from the Greek word atomos, which means indivisible or uncut This was the.

Chapter 6 Atomic Theory. Greek Idea Democritus –Matter is made up of indivisible particles Dalton –One type of atom for each element.

Chapter 6 Atomic Theory. Greek Idea Democritus –Matter is made up of indivisible particles Dalton –One type of atom for each element.

4.1 Atomic Theory - Weebly · Web viewCh 4 - Atomic Theory 4.1 Atomic Theory Review Vocabulary – Theory New Vocabulary – Dalton’s Atomic Theory Main Idea -The ancient Greeks

4.1 Atomic Theory - Weebly · Web viewCh 4 - Atomic Theory 4.1 Atomic Theory Review Vocabulary – Theory New Vocabulary – Dalton’s Atomic Theory Main Idea -The ancient Greeks

II. History of atomic structure A. Democritus – 500 BCE Theorized that matter is composed of small, indivisible particles = ATOMOS (Greek for indivisible)

II. History of atomic structure A. Democritus – 500 BCE Theorized that matter is composed of small, indivisible particles = ATOMOS (Greek for indivisible)

Ariana Garcia-Minsal. Dalton's Atomic Theory - (1808) His atomic theory could be summarized as: 1)Matter is composed of tiny and indivisible particles.

Ariana Garcia-Minsal. Dalton's Atomic Theory - (1808) His atomic theory could be summarized as: 1)Matter is composed of tiny and indivisible particles.

Atomic Theory - Weebly · 2018-02-08 · Atomic Theory. The theory that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles (atoms). According to the modern version, the atoms of

Atomic Theory - Weebly · 2018-02-08 · Atomic Theory. The theory that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles (atoms). According to the modern version, the atoms of