Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles...

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Atomic Structure Atomic Structure Chapter 4 Chapter 4

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Transcript of Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles...

Page 1: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.

Atomic StructureAtomic Structure

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Page 2: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.

Dalton’s Atomic TheoryDalton’s Atomic Theory

All elements are composed indivisible All elements are composed indivisible particles called atomsparticles called atoms

Atoms of the same element are identical Atoms of the same element are identical and different from all other elementsand different from all other elements

Atoms can physically mix together or Atoms can physically mix together or combine chemically to form compoundscombine chemically to form compounds

When atoms are separated, joined or When atoms are separated, joined or rearranged a chemical reaction occurs; but rearranged a chemical reaction occurs; but atoms of one element never change into atoms of one element never change into atoms of another element.atoms of another element.

Page 3: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.

Subatomic ParticlesSubatomic Particles ProtonsProtons

PositivePositive charge charge Found Found inin the the nucleusnucleus Relative mass of 1Relative mass of 1

NeutronsNeutrons NONO charge charge Found Found inin the the nucleusnucleus Relative mass of 1Relative mass of 1

ElectronsElectrons NegativeNegative charge charge Found Found outsideoutside the nucleus the nucleus Relative mass of 1/1840Relative mass of 1/1840

Page 4: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.

Atomic Number vs. Mass Atomic Number vs. Mass NumberNumber

Atomic Number = Protons in an atomAtomic Number = Protons in an atom Atomic Number = Electrons in an Atomic Number = Electrons in an

atomatom

Mass Number = Protons + NeutronsMass Number = Protons + Neutrons

Page 5: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.

Complete the TableComplete the Table

ElementElement Atomic #Atomic # ProtonsProtons ElectronsElectrons

KK 1919 1919

55

SS 1616

VV 2323

1919

BB 55 55

1616 1616

2323 2323

Page 6: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.

How many protons, electrons How many protons, electrons and neutrons in each atom?and neutrons in each atom?

Atomic Atomic ##

Mass Mass

##protonsprotons electroelectro

nsnsneutronneutron

ss

BerylliuBeryllium (Be)m (Be) 44 99

NeonNeon

(Ne)(Ne)1010 2020

Sodium Sodium (Na)(Na) 1111 2323

44 44 55

1010 1010 1010

1111 1111 1212

Page 7: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.

IsotopesIsotopes

Elements with the same atomic Elements with the same atomic number but different mass numbersnumber but different mass numbers Same number of _________________Same number of _________________ Different number of _______________Different number of _______________

Examples:Examples: Carbon-12Carbon-12 Carbon-13Carbon-13

Page 8: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.

Atomic MassAtomic Mass

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)Atomic Mass Unit (amu) – the – the mass of 1/12 the mass of a Carbon-mass of 1/12 the mass of a Carbon-12 atom12 atom

Weighted averageWeighted average of the masses of the masses of all the isotopes of an elementof all the isotopes of an element

Page 9: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.

Calculating Atomic MassCalculating Atomic Mass

Need to know:Need to know: Percent abundance of each isotopePercent abundance of each isotope Mass of each isotopeMass of each isotope

1 H1

2 H1

99.985%99.985% 1.0078 1.0078 amuamu

0.015%0.015% 2.0141 2.0141 amuamu

.99985 x .99985 x 1.00781.0078

.00015 x 2.0141.00015 x 2.0141

Page 10: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.

1 H1

2 H1

.99985 x 1.0078 = 1.0076.99985 x 1.0078 = 1.0076

.00015 x 2.0141 .00015 x 2.0141 = .000302= .000302

Add the relative masses together to get the average atomic mass

Average atomic mass:

1.0076 + .000302 = 1.0079

Page 11: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.
Page 12: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.

History of the Periodic TableHistory of the Periodic Table

MendeleevMendeleev

Tom Leher - Periodic Table Song

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GHaFuoLjOU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4GHaFuoLjOU
Page 13: Atomic Structure Chapter 4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory All elements are composed indivisible particles called atoms All elements are composed indivisible.

Periodic TablePeriodic Table

GroupsGroups PeriodsPeriods Metals Metals

Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals

Non-metalsNon-metals Noble-GasesNoble-Gases HalogensHalogens MetalloidsMetalloids Transition MetalsTransition Metals


Atomic Structure Timeline Read Around the Room. Democritus (400 B.C.) Proposed that matter was composed of tiny indivisible particles Not based on experimental.

Atomic Structure Timeline Read Around the Room. Democritus (400 B.C.) Proposed that matter was composed of tiny indivisible particles Not based on experimental.

Ch. 5. 5.1 Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1.All elements are composed of indivisible atoms (atoms are divisible) 2.Atoms of the same element are identical 3.Atoms.

Ch. 5. 5.1 Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1.All elements are composed of indivisible atoms (atoms are divisible) 2.Atoms of the same element are identical 3.Atoms.

Evolution of Atomic Structure. Dalton 1805 Billiard Ball Model Composed of indestructible, indivisible atoms Identical for each element but different.

Evolution of Atomic Structure. Dalton 1805 Billiard Ball Model Composed of indestructible, indivisible atoms Identical for each element but different.

Atomic Structure & Electron Configuration Ch.3. (3-1) Atomic Theory All matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms Certain characteristics.

Atomic Structure & Electron Configuration Ch.3. (3-1) Atomic Theory All matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms Certain characteristics.

Atomic Models and Electron Configuration. The history of the atomic model Democritus Created in 400 BC Atoms are indivisible and indestructible Not scientifically.

Atomic Models and Electron Configuration. The history of the atomic model Democritus Created in 400 BC Atoms are indivisible and indestructible Not scientifically.

Atomic Theory Matter (400 BC) - The Greeks were the first to study matter. Greeks believed that matter was composed of indivisible particles called atoms.

Atomic Theory Matter (400 BC) - The Greeks were the first to study matter. Greeks believed that matter was composed of indivisible particles called atoms.

6.5 Semaphore Can only be accessed via two indivisible (atomic) operations wait (S) { while S

6.5 Semaphore Can only be accessed via two indivisible (atomic) operations wait (S) { while S

Creating Atomic Content For Taxonomy / Content Database Driven Documents Mark Cashman mcashman@temporaldoorway.com atomic adj. [from Gk. `atomos', indivisible]

Creating Atomic Content For Taxonomy / Content Database Driven Documents Mark Cashman [email protected] atomic adj. [from Gk. `atomos', indivisible]

Atomic Theory of Matter Idea of an atom indivisible Atomic Mass or Molecular Mass Also called unified Atomic Mass (u) it is basically the mass of a proton.

Atomic Theory of Matter Idea of an atom indivisible Atomic Mass or Molecular Mass Also called unified Atomic Mass (u) it is basically the mass of a proton.

Chapter 9: Object-Relational Databases · Database System Concepts 9.3 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan Nested Relations! Motivation: " Permit non-atomic domains (atomic ≡indivisible)

Chapter 9: Object-Relational Databases · Database System Concepts 9.3 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan Nested Relations! Motivation: " Permit non-atomic domains (atomic ≡indivisible)

Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Atomic Theory Atomic Theory The History of the Atom Original idea – Greek Democritus – 460 B.C. Thought there were ‘indivisible particles’ that everything.

Chemistry for Biology Students. Atomic Structure Atoms are composed of ……..?

Chemistry for Biology Students. Atomic Structure Atoms are composed of ……..?

Atomos: Not to Be Cut or “indivisible” The History of Atomic Theory.

Atomos: Not to Be Cut or “indivisible” The History of Atomic Theory.

Chapter 2 Atoms & Elements. Dalton’s Atomic Theory ( beginning of 19 th century ) All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atomsAll.

Chapter 2 Atoms & Elements. Dalton’s Atomic Theory ( beginning of 19 th century ) All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atomsAll.

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Early Models of the Atom Dalton’s Atomic Theory - All elements are composed of atoms - All elements are composed.

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Early Models of the Atom Dalton’s Atomic Theory - All elements are composed of atoms - All elements are composed.

2 | 1 Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. 2 | 2 Postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory All matter is composed of indivisible atoms. An atom is an extremely.

2 | 1 Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. 2 | 2 Postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory All matter is composed of indivisible atoms. An atom is an extremely.

Indivisible Identical React in fixed ratios + Development of Atomic Models + stuff – electrons empty space.

Indivisible Identical React in fixed ratios + Development of Atomic Models + stuff – electrons empty space.

Atomic Structure. The Atoms Family Atom: the smallest part of an element. Name means “indivisible”

Atomic Structure. The Atoms Family Atom: the smallest part of an element. Name means “indivisible”

Ch. 4 Atomic Structure. Early Models of the Atom Democritus’s Atomic Philosophy –He believed atoms were indivisible and indestructible. – *Philosophy.

Ch. 4 Atomic Structure. Early Models of the Atom Democritus’s Atomic Philosophy –He believed atoms were indivisible and indestructible. – *Philosophy.

Click to begin Nuclear Physics. Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1. All elements are composed of atoms, which are indivisible and indestructible particles. 2. All.

Click to begin Nuclear Physics. Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1. All elements are composed of atoms, which are indivisible and indestructible particles. 2. All.