Lecture #8

Atomic Physics with Stored andCooled Ions

Klaus BlaumGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI, Darmstadt

and CERN, Physics Department, Geneva, Switzerland

Summer School, Lanzhou, China, 9 – 17 August 2004

8. Lecture: Future techniques and experiments

1. Future trap experiments 2. The GSI future project3. Other worldwide projects

The mass spectrometer TITAN at ISAC

RFQ cooler & buncher

EBIT chargebreeder

Penning trap

m/q selection

Precision measurements on very short-lived nuclides.

ISAC ion beam

10 times higher yield as compared to ISOLDE

1 – 50 times higher resolvingpower as compared to 1+

factor of 10 - 500shorter half-lives accessible

much higher resoving power and accuracysaving in beam time requirement

δm/m < 1⋅10-8 on isotopes with T½ ≈ 10 ms ⇒ perfect match with ISOL capabilities

J. Dilling, P. Bricault, M. Smith, H.-J. Kluge, et al.

The mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP at GSIPrecision measurements on very heavy elements at low production rates.

PurificationTrap

MeasurementTrap

Detector Downstream Experiments

ExtractionRFQ

StoppingCell

fusion productsfrom SHIP

Buncher

1 2

3

4

56

12

3

4

5

6

5

K. Blaum, M. Block, M. Mukherjee, H.-J. Kluge, D. Rodriguez, S. Rahaman,

W. Quint, C. Weber, et al.

Stopping

Cooling

Accumulation

Purification

Measurement

The laser ion source trap LISTK. Wendt, K. Blaum, C. Geppert, K. Brueck, H.-J. Kluge, M. Mukherjee, S. Schwarz, K. Wies

Ion Repeller

Ti:Sa 1

Ti:Sa 2

Ti:Sa 3

Nd:YAG

Gas filledRFQ TrapProton

beam

to Experiments

Laser-Beams

Atom source

IonBeam

HV Platform

1. Atom Source with Ion Repeller 3. Mass Separator

2. Gas filled RFQ Trap Section 4. Laser System

Very high element and isobaric selectivity.

The HITRAP project at the ESR

strippertarget

ESR

electron coolingand deceleration down to 7 MeV/u

U73+

U92+

40

0 M

eV

/u

coolerPenning

trap

experiments for slow particles

experiments with particles

at rest U92+

post-decelerator

EXPERIMENTS WITH HIGHLY CHARGED IONS AT EXTREMELY LOW ENERGIES:

• high-accurate mass measurements• g-factor measurements• fundamental constants• laser and x-ray spectroscopy of few-electron systems• nuclear polarization• diamagnetic correction

EXPERIMENTS WITH HIGHLY CHARGED IONS AT EXTREMELY LOW ENERGIES:

• high-accurate mass measurements• g-factor measurements• fundamental constants• laser and x-ray spectroscopy of few-electron systems• nuclear polarization• diamagnetic correction

SIS

UNILAC

Future “personal” projects

Novel Penning trap setup for ultra high-precision mass spectrometry with δm/m ≤ 1·10-11

Help to place limits on the electron neutrino rest mass, e.g. Q(3T(β)3He) for the KATRIN experimentDetermination of e-binding energies for QED testsMeasurement of fundamental constantsMetrology, e.g. new kilogram definition ...

Trap developments for the investigation of exotic atomic and nuclear systems

g-factor measurement of the antiproton (HITRAP)antihydrogen studies (FLAIR)

He - CRYOSTAT WITH SUPERCONDUCTING INDUCTIVITY

LHe-RESERVOIR

4 K

300 K

4 K

7 T - MAGNET - WITH THREEHOMOGENEOUS CENTERS

VACUUMSYSTEM

DETECTORIONS FROM

ION SOURCES

3 PRECISION TRAPS

Novel high-precision penning trap mass spectrometer

Proposed setup:

Advantages:Direct mass doublet

measurement.No ion-ion interaction.

Simultaneous measurement process.

T1

T2

T3

T4

…

3He3T

Timing scheme:trap 1 trap 2 trap 3

Technical challenges

Detection technique: Cryogenic FT-ICR

CkTQq

Dr

2NS ion

⋅⋅

ν∆ν

⋅⋅⋅π

=Signal to noise ratio:

rion: ion motion radius D: trap dimension q: charge state

Q: quality factor T: temperature C: capacity

Superconducting, temperature stab. magnet with B ~ 7THomogenous trap region with dB/B<10-10

active shielding, 3-axis compensation coils, ...three high-precision cryogenic Penning trapsCryogenic phase sensitive FT-ICR detectionUltra-high vacuum for long storage and interaction times

First requirements:

Goal: δm / m ≤ 1·10-11

First application of the planned penning trap system

Determination of the of 3T - 3He mass differencewith a precision of ~20 meV for the KATRIN experiment

(present absolute precision is 1.7 eV)

nm = 1 eV

nm = 0 eV

2 10~ * 13

E0

in discussion with C. Weinheimer et al.

KATRIN LOI: If a 1ppm precision (≈20 meV) in the 3He-T mass difference∆M (3He,T) and the absolute calibration of KATRIN could be achieved the sensitivity on mν could be improved further by using an external ∆M (3He,T) value in the analysis.

Detection of single-quantum excitation3T+/3He+ 24Mg+

sidebandcooling laser

3T+/3He+ 24Mg+

energyexchange

energyexchange

sidebandcooling + detection

detector

singlequantumexcitation

B = 7 T νc(24Mg+) = 4.4 MHz ; νc(3He+) = 35 MHz choose νz(3He+) = 4.4 MHz

Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research

FLAIR

UNILAC

SIS

FRS

ESR

100 m

SIS 100/300

HESR

SuperFRS

CRRESR

FLAI

R

NESR

NESR beam

Factor 100 more pbar trapped or stopped in gas targets than now

The Super-FRS facility at FAIR

The future GSI project: FAIR – Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

Super-FRS

Low-EnergyBranch

High-EnergyBranch

Ring Branch

Chapter 9

Atomic Physics with Stored andCooled Ions

Klaus BlaumGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, GSI, Darmstadt

and CERN, Physics Department, Geneva, Switzerland

Summer School, Lanzhou, China, 9 – 17 August 2004

9. Chapter: Summary and conclusions

Conclusions and Outlook

Ion traps are an ideal tool to perform atomic and nuclear physics precision experiments!

• There are a high number of trap/storage devices at present in operation, under construction or planned.

• Impressive results have been obtained with stored and cooled ions in the past, e.g. measurements of masses, g factors, fundamental studies, test of WI, ….

• Future trap experiments aim for δm/m < 10-11 for stable ions and can thus help to discover exciting new physics

• The future GSI facility with HITRAP and FLAIR opens exciting possibilities for trap experiments, e.g. with antiprotons and antihydrogen

Final Conclusion

Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (1911-2000)

“Whenever you invent a method ten or a hundred times better than the existing ones, you can be sure that this

will lead to new science!”