Atomic and Thermal Power Plants

Lecturer: Professor Alexander Korotkikh Department of Atomic and Thermal Power Plants

Content

• Types of power plants

• Classification of power plants

• Basic thermal schemes of power plants

• Graphs of thermal and electrical loads

Types of power plants

Currently, electricity is generated at three types of power plants:

• Thermal power plants burning organic fuel (TPP);

• Hydraulic power plants using the energy of water (HPP) ;

• Thermal power plants using nuclear energy (NPP).

Classification of nuclear power plants

The most important classification for nuclear power plants is their classification by the number of circuits. There are diagrams for single-circuit, dual-circuit and three-circuit of NPPs.

а — single-circuit; b — two-circuit; c — three-circuit;

1 — reactor vessel; 2 — steam turbine; 3 — electric generator; 4 — condenser; 5 — water pump; 6 —

circulating water (Na) pump; 7 — steam generator; 8 — volume compensator; 9 — Na-Na heat exchanger

а а) b) c)

Basic thermal schemes of power plants

Regardless of the number of main and auxiliary units in the schematic diagram, the thermal equipment of the same type is displayed only once, but with all series-connected elements. For example, during installation at the plant of several turbines only one turbine is displayed on the scheme. Pipelines are indicated only with one line in the direction of the main flow, regardless of the number of parallel flows, without cross-links between the pipelines and individual units and without auxiliary pipelines (e.g. drainage with drainage tanks, technical water system, ect.).

Basic thermal scheme of the steam-turbine part with the VVER-440 reactor

1 - lock-adjusting valves; 2 - rods turbine seal valves; 3 - valve shaft seal of the turbine; 4 - MPC of turbine; 5 -

separator-reheater; 6 - LPC of turbine; 7 -water heaters; 8 - pump of the heating system; 9 - turbine

condenser; 10 -first stage condensate pump; 11 - main ejector; 12 - ejector seals; 13 - condensate clean up;

14 - second-stage condensate pump; 15 - low pressure heater; 16 - drain pump; 17 - drain cooler;

18 - deaerator; 19 - feed pump with electric drive; 20 - high pressure heater; 21 - pressure regulator;

22 - steam condensate collector; 23 - BRU-SN; 24 - BRU-K

Turbine K-220-44 from steam generator

to steam generator

to condenser

to drainage tank

1 — rods turbine seal valves; 2 — lock-adjusting valves; 3 — MPC of turbine; 4 — valve shaft seal of the

turbine; 5 — separator-reheater; 6 — isolating valve; 7 — LPC of turbine; 8 — water heater; 9 — pump of the

heating system; 10 — turbine condenser; 11 — first stage condensate pump; 12 — main ejector; 13 — ejector

seals; 14 — condensate clean up; 15 — second-stage condensate pump; 16 — low pressure heater ; 17 — drain

pump; 18 — drain cooler; 19 — deaerator; 20 — feed pump with electric drive; 21 — high pressure heater ;

22 — steam condensate collector; 23 — BRU-SN; 24 — BRU-K

Basic thermal scheme of the steam-turbine part with the VVER-1000 reactor

Turbine K-1000-60/1500 from steam generator to

ste

am

ge

ne

rato

r

Basic thermal scheme of the steam-turbine part with the RBMK-1000 reactor

1 — feed pump; 2 — deaerator; 3 — pressure controller; 4 — evaporator; 5 — rods turbine seal valves;

6 — lock-adjusting valves; 7 — medium pressure turbine cylinder (MPC); 8 — separator-reheater; 9 — turbine

shaft seal; 10 — low pressure turbine cylinder (LPC); 11 — isolating valve; 12 — hot water heaters; 13 — water

pump; 14 — turbine condenser; 15 — first-stage condensate pump; 16 — main ejector; 17 — seal ejector;

18 — condensate clean up; 19 — second-stage condensate pump; 20 — low pressure heater

Turbine K-500-65/3000

to the reactor

from the reactor

Expanded(detailed) thermal scheme Extended full thermal NPP circuit constitute the block as a

whole. It shows all the equipment working together with the reactor. For NPPs with VVER all steam generators (six for VVER-440 and four for VVER-1000) are shown, as well as two turbines for NPPs with VVER-440, nuclear power plants with RBMK-1000 and RBMK-1500, both of which depict both flows for commonly used double-flow cylinders. Both auxiliary equipment operating and duplicate are shown. For example, for condensate and feed pumps the pipeline system includes parallel links between individual units and auxiliary pipelines, drainage lines, as well as various tanks, etc. On pipelines and aggregates the entire armature is indicated. A detailed technical scheme is also applied to the technical water supply system and its intermediate circuit.

Graphs of loads at power plants

Heat and water supply diagrams:

а – annual heat supply,

b – current heat supply

c – current temperature of water

а) b)

c)

Graphs of loads at power plants

Graphs of electrical loads at power plants:

а, b – daily electrical loads diagrams in winter and summer period;

c – diagram for annual electrical loads

b c