ATOM Smallest particle of an element with all its properties.
Atom Vocabulary. Atom The smallest particle of an element the building blocks of all matter.
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Transcript of Atom Vocabulary. Atom The smallest particle of an element the building blocks of all matter.
Atom Vocabulary
Atom
The smallest particle of an element
the building blocks of all matter
Element Is a substance that cannot be broken down
into simpler substances
Sodium atom
Subatomic particle particles smaller than the atom parts of the atom there are three main subatomic particles
Protons Neutrons Electrons
Proton a subatomic particle
found in the nucleus of the atom
has a positive electrical charge
has a mass of 1 amu used to help find the mass of an atom used to help find the charge of an atom determines the identity of an atom
Neutron a subatomic particle of the atom found in the
nucleus has no electrical charge (neutral) has a mass of 1 amu used to help find the
mass of the atom has no effect on the
charge of the atom a different number of neutrons makes a
different isotope of the same element
Electron a subatomic particle found
outside of the nucleus in the electron cloud
has a negative electrical charge is 1/1600th the size of a proton or neutron does NOT affect the mass of the atom is used in determining the charge of an atom
Nucleus a region located in the
center of the atom contains protons and
neutrons contains the mass of the
atom it has a positive electrical
charge held together by strong
nuclear force
Electron cloud a region surrounding the
nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found
is mainly empty space is negatively charged is arranged in energy levels
called shells or orbitals
Valence Electrons
the electrons found on the outermost energy level of an atom
most importantin determiningan element’schemical properties andreactivity
Atomic Number Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
of an element
Atomic Mass or Mass Number The total number of protons and neutrons in
the nucleus of an atom Mass (of an atom) = protons + neutrons unit is amu (atomic mass unit)
Ion An atom that has gained or lost electrons and
has a charge
Anion A type of ion when an atom gains electrons
and becomes negatively charged
Cation A type of ion when an atom loses electrons
and becomes positively charged
Isotopes Atoms of the same element, but having a
different numbers of neutrons in their nucleus Isotopes will have the same number of
protons (same element), but a different number of neutrons(different mass)
Atoms, Elements, Periodic Table
Groups Vertical columns in the periodic table. All elements in a group have the same
number of electrons in their outer orbital
Periods Horizontal rows in the periodic table. All elements in a period have the same
number of atomic orbitals
Metals Elements that are good conductors of
electricity and heat. Found left of “stairs”
Alkali Metals Group 1 (minus
Hydrogen) Metals with one valence
electron
Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 Metals with 2 valence electrons
Transition Metals Groups 3-12 Elements that have valence electrons at 2
different energy levels.
Nonmetals Elements that are poor conductors of
electricity and heat. Found to the right of “stairs”
Metalloids Semi-metals Physical properties of both metals and
nonmetals.
Halogens Group 17 Nonmetals with 7 valence electrons
Noble Gases Group 18; 8 Valence electrons Except Helium (has 2 valence electrons) Full valence shell- not very reactive
Properties of Matter
Molecule Particle that is made up of 2 or more atoms
of the same element.
Compound Substance made up of the combined atoms
of 2 or more elements.
Mixture Contains 2 or more types of substances and
does not form a new compound after mixing; maintains individual properties.
Colloid A mixture of substances in which one of the
substances is suspended within the other as small, non-dissolved particles.
Ex: hairspray (aerosols), foams (whipped cream), gels, butter.
Mixing to make butter Butter
Solution Homogeneous
mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another substance
The ocean is a solution.
Solute A substance that is dissolved into another
Salt is a solute.
Solvent A liquid or gas that another substance
dissolves in
Water is a solvent
Physical Property Characteristics of a substance that can be
observed or measured without changing the substance Size, shape, color, density, melting point, boiling
point, volume
Chemical Property Properties of matter that become evident
during a chemical reaction
Precipitate A solid formed by mixing two liquids
A yellow solid precipitate forms
from the mixture of two clear liquids: potassium iodide and lead nitrate.
Corrosiveness A substance that can cause damage to
another that is irreversible.
Flammability A measure of the extent to which a material
will support combustion
Oxidation The combination of a substance with
oxygen. A reaction in which the atoms in an element
lose electrons
Luster The appearance of a mineral surface judged
by its brilliance and ability to reflect light.
Viscosity Measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow