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Atmospheric Storage Tanks, Emissions Measurement & Reduction

Gert van MeijerenManaging Director, CTS B.V.

- Tank inspections, an introduction- Tank emissions measurements- Emission reductions, future requirements

Aluminium domes

CTS Products

Tank seals

Internal floating roofs Hoses and couplers

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Rainwater and product on the external floating roof

- roof can sink or collapse when water is accumulating

- product in rainwater

- rainwater in product

Sunken external floating roof, roof rotated, legs broken off

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Leaking primary foam seal

Problems:

- foam core can end up

in product

- product penetrates

the seal

- risk of rim fire

- difficult to vent tank

free of vapours

Secondary tank seal flipped overProblems:

- rainwater in product

- high emissions

- risk of rim fire

- possibly damaging to

primary seal and fire

fighting systems

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This is often the result of engineering and manufacturing a seal without properly investigating the rim gap details

Secondary tank seal flipped over

Tank seal corroded Problems:

-seal is not tight, introducing the risk of rim fires,high water ingress and high emissions

- early replacement results in high material and labour costs (removal and installation)

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Rubber lip profile flips over

Problems:

- seal is not tight, resulting in rim fires, extensive water penetration and high emissions

- early replacement results in high material- and labour costs

Defect gauge pole cover gasket

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Exposed and defect seal fabrics

Seal not properly sealing off the rim gap

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Seal not properly sealing off the rim gap, IR registration

Defect gauge pole cover gasket

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Gauge pole emissions, IR registration

Leak EFRT pontoon

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Leaking pontoon, IR registration

Leaking pontoon, IR registration

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Weld defects, IR registration

Weld defects, IR registration

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Tank emissions, IFR landing

Tank emissions, IFR landed

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Tank emissions, IFR landed

Tank emissions, EFR landed

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Tank emissions, filling loss

Tank emissions, tank filling losses (IR registration)

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Tank emissions, filling loss

Rule 1149:

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Tank emissions, possible reductions

Tank emissions, possible reductions, tank colour

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Tank emissions, breathing losses on EFR tank (IR registration)

External floating roof tanks are part of the focus in reducing emissions

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Converting EFR Tanks is mandatory in California as per Rule 1178 by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD):- As the true vapor pressure of the stored product ≥ 3 psia (20 kPa) than the following is required1/3 of the EFRT converted per 1-1-20042/3 of the EFRT converted per 1-1-2006All EFR tanks converted per 1-1-2008

Rule 1178 South Coast US AQMD legislation, BAT:

Domes also eliminate rainwater ingress and reduce maintenance!

Fitting an aluminium dome offers other major benefits.Picture shows a converted EFR tank where the rolling ladder is suspended from the dome and still gives access to the (now internal) floating roof.

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More and more terminals will look like this in the future!

Replacing an external floating roof by an aluminium dome roof with internal floating roof

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Cable suspended internal skin and pontoon floating roof, Vopak The Netherlands

CTS40 double compression plate seal in BP tank 130 (BP Rotterdam, The Netherlands)

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Leg seals for external floating roof support legs

Leg seals prevent leg emissions, product boil over and watering in of leg sleeves and therefore reduce corrosion

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Leg seals willalso prevent leg sleeve corrosion, and as such reduce maintenance costs

BP Tank 130, Guide pole cover and Leg seals (The Netherlands)

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Guide pole sleeves in service

Storage tanks, risk matrix of emissions (BREF EIPPC 2005)

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Possible emissions for external floatingroof tanks

Possible emissions for fixed roof tanks

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ECM (Emission Control Method) compatibility

Possible Emission Control Method per type of storage tank

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ECM Card operational vapour emissions for external floating roof tanks

ECM = Emission Control Method

ECM = Emission Control Method

ECM Card operational vapour emissions for fixed roof tanks

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Assessment method BREF:A) Emission reduction potentialB) OperabilityC) ApplicabilityD) SafetyE) Waste, energy, cross-mediaOperational score OS = A * (B+C+D+E)

Financial score:Capex = Capital Expenditure (F)Opex = Operational Expenditure (H)Cn=F * HOverall score = OS * Cn

Case study, new EFRT for Crude OilNorth Europe, 90 m. diameter double deck

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Case study, new FRT for ACNNorth Europe, cone roof, 12.5 m. diameter

Questions?

meijeren@cts-tank.com