Atmospheric Heating, Moisture, Stabilitybrownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0514... · Atmospheric Heating,...
Transcript of Atmospheric Heating, Moisture, Stabilitybrownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0514... · Atmospheric Heating,...
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Atmospheric Heating, Moisture, Stability
Earth ScienceChapter 16: p. 454-460Chapter 17: p. 466-473
Weather instrument
shelter
North America isotherms Temperature comparisonVancouver, Winnepeg
Temperature comparisonQuito, Guayaquil
Temperature comparisonEureka, NYC
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Temperature comparisonSeattle, Spokane Cloudy day
Cloudy night January temperature
July temperature Jan and July temps
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DownpourLatent heat of water
Frost on window Relative humidity—constant temperature
Relative humidity—lowering temperature Humidity-temperature daily trend
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Dew on spiderweb Sling psychrometer
Changes in temperature with change in elevation
• Two different mechanisms– Earth’s atmosphere is heated from below– Gases cool as they expand
Earth’s atmosphere is heated from below
• It is warmer closer to the sea level• It is cooler at higher altitudes• Environmental lapse rate
– About 6.5o C / 1000 m– About 3.5o F / 1000 ft
Gases cool as they expand
• Still have same heat energy• Take up larger volume• Increase in volume at lower pressure• Atmospheric pressure declines with altitude• Temperature change due to change in
volume called “Adiabatic lapse rate”
Adiabatic lapse rate
• Temperature declines with lower pressure, at higher altitude
• Temperature increases with higher pressure, at lower altitude
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• Rate of temperature change depends on saturation
• Saturated air has condensation of water, which releases heat: warms environment
10o C / 1000 m if not saturated5o C / 1000 m if condensation is occurring
Adiabatic lapse rate Cooling by lifting—adiabatics
Orographic lifting Rain shadow
Warm front lifting Convergent lifting
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Tropical Convergence Convective lifting
Hot air balloons Stable conditions
Absolute instability Conditional stability
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Inversion Layer—Los Angeles Surface inversion
Inversion aloft Cloud classification—right
Cloud classification—left cirrus
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Cirrocumulus Cirrostratus
Altocumulus Altostratus
Nimbostratus Cumulus
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Cumulonimbus Fog—Golden Gate Bridge
Fog—Tule Fog Condensation in clouds
Bergeron notes Bergeron Process of ice-crystal growth
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Collision coalescence
Glaze ice
Giant hailstone Hail damage
Rime ice Pogonip
http://grannysatticquilts.com/pogonip.html
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Precipitation measurement Weather radar display