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ATM CONFIGURATION TUTORIAL &

EXPERIMENT ON ATM CONNECTIVITY

BY

ANANTH V. KINI

MST

SPRING 2001

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ATM CONNECTIVITY

The equipments to be used for this experiment are:

1. The CISCO Lightstream 1010 switch.

2. The Adtech AX/4000 tester.

1. The CISCO Lightstream 1010 switch:

The CISCO LightStream 1010 uses a five-slot, modular chassis featuring the option ofdual, fault-tolerant, load-sharing power supplies. (See Figure 1) The central slot in theLightStream 1010 is dedicated to a single, field-replaceable ATM switch processor(ASP) module that supports both the 5-Gbps shared memory and the fully non-blockingswitch fabric. The ASP also supports the feature card and high performance reducedinstruction set (RISC) processor that provides the central intelligence for the device. Theremaining slots support up to four hot-swappable Carrier Modules (CAMs). Each CAM

supports up to two hot-swappable Port Adapter Modules (PAMs) for a maximum of eightPAMs per switch, supporting a wide variety of desktop, backbone, and wide-areainterfaces.

Figure 1: Rear View of the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch

The LightStream 1010 ATM switch provides switched ATM connections to individualworkstations, servers, LAN segments, or other ATM switches and routers using fiber-optic, unshielded twisted-pair (UTP), and coaxial cable.

The LightStream 1010 ATM switch can accommodate up to 32 OC-3(155.52Mbps)switched ATM ports in a standard 19-inch (48-centimeter) rack.

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2. The Adtech AX/4000 tester:

The AX/4000 is a multi-port system that can currently test four different transmissiontechnologies (IP, ATM, Ethernet, and Frame Relay) simultaneously at speeds up to 10Gbps.

Conceptually the experiment can be explained with the help of the following blockdiagram:

Lightstream 1010

Atm i/j/k Atm x/y/z

Figure 2: Adtech AX/4000

Port 1 Port 2

The 2 ports of the Adtech tester (ports 1 and 2) are connected to 2 different Port adaptermodules (PAMs) of the lightstream switch. In other words the AX/4000 simulates 2

different end users that can communicate through the switch. Each physical layerconnection to the switch is made using an OC-3 slot, i.e., the ATM protocol operates ona underlying sonet physical layer.

ATM interface ATM interface0/0/0 0/0/1

VPI/VCI VPI/VCI111/111 222/222111/111 222/222

Figure 3: Cisco 1010 lightstream

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UNI UNI

VPI/VCI VPI/VCI= 111/111 = 222/222

Logical diagram for the experiment.

ADTECH AX/4000

Tx Rx Tx Rx

PORT 1 PORT 2

Rx Tx Rx Tx

Before beginning the actual connectivity experiment we need to ensure that all thenecessary connections already exist. The Lightstream 1010 switch is connected to theABCDE switch kept next to the pc, using a 25 pin connector. The 25 pin cable isconnected to port B of the ABCDE data switch through the console port of the1010.hence we need to switch the ABCDE switch to B when working on the 1010. Next

we need to check whether the ports of the switch are up and running and properlyconnected to the corresponding ports of the Adtech Ax/4000 tester. You will be providedwith fiber optic SC connectors. They will be 8m in length and you will need 2 pairs intotal. Each pair provides a full duplex connection.

Cross-connect each pair between the port on the AX/4000 and a port on theLightstream 1010. We cross-connect port1 on the Adtech tester to ATM interface 0/0/0and port 2 on the Adtech tester to ATM interface 0/0/1. The connectors should easily slip

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into the ports. To remove the connectors just pull back the blue jacket at the end of theconnector and slide the cable off.

When the switch for the ABCDE switch is on B pressing a carriage return will give thefollowing prompt:

LS1010>

This shows that the pc is connected to the Lighstream 1010 switch, through the ABCDEswitch.

Pressing ? at any time will give you a list of all possible commands, pre-pending the ?with a keyword gives all commands starting with that particular keyword.For example: the following typed at command line:

LS1010>sh atm vc ?

Will generate the following response:

interface Show ATM Connection Commandssignaling Display ATM Interface Signaling information for all interfacestraffic Display Virtual Channels Cell Traffic

ending the above command with a carriage return will generate a list of all existing virtualchannel connections, for e.g. something like the following:

LS1010>sh atm vcInterface VPI VCI Type X-Interface X-VPI X-VCI Encap StatusATM0/0/0 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 64 QSAAL UP

ATM0/0/0 0 16 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 35 ILMI UPATM0/0/0 0 200 PVC ATM0/0/2 0 200 DOWNATM0/0/0 1 200 PVC NOT CONNECTEDATM0/0/0 105 105 PVC ATM0/0/1 205 205 UPATM0/0/0 111 111 PVC ATM0/0/1 222 222 UPATM0/0/0 200 200 PVC ATM0/0/2 200 200 DOWNATM0/0/1 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 65 QSAAL UPATM0/0/1 0 16 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 36 ILMI UPATM0/0/1 205 205 PVC ATM0/0/0 105 105 UPATM0/0/1 222 222 PVC ATM0/0/0 111 111 UPATM0/0/2 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 66 QSAAL DOWNATM0/0/2 0 16 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 37 ILMI DOWN

ATM0/0/2 0 200 PVC ATM0/0/0 0 200 DOWNATM0/0/2 200 200 PVC ATM0/0/0 200 200 DOWNATM0/0/3 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 67 QSAAL DOWNATM0/0/3 0 16 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 38 ILMI DOWNATM0/1/0 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 68 QSAAL DOWNATM0/1/0 0 16 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 39 ILMI DOWNATM0/1/1 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 69 QSAAL DOWNATM0/1/1 0 16 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 40 ILMI DOWNATM0/1/2 0 5 PVC ATM2/0/0 0 70 QSAAL DOWN

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Consider for a moment the following line:

Interface VPI VCI Type X-Interface X-VPI X-VCI Encap StatusATM0/0/0 111 111 PVC ATM0/0/1 222 222 UP

This shows that the VPI/VCI pair 111/111 associated with ATM interface 0/0/0 is cross-

connected to VPI/VCI pair 222/222 on interface 0/0/1 and that the link is up and running.

Also note the QSAAL and ILMI notations used under encapsulation.

The Lightstream 1010 uses ILMI (Interim local management interface) toautomatically identify which of its interfaces are User-Network Interface (UNI), attachedto ATM end-systems, and which are Network-to-Network Interface (NNI), attached toother systems. It can also differentiate between private and public network links. Thisinformation discovers and brings up a network of interconnected LightStream 1010switches. ILMI uses VC(0,16) as assigned by default.

The QSAAL is the link transport layer that provides reliable data delivery on the (0,5)

signaling VC. The QSAAL layer is low level. Both these signaling functionalities areprovided through the central processor located on the 1010 at interface 2/0/0 (VCstarting from pair(0, 36) forILMI and (0, 65) forQSAAL.)

To obtain a detailed structure of a particularATM interface (say interface 0/0/0) we needto type the following at the command line:

LS1010>show atm interface ATM 0/0/0

This will display something of the form:Interface: ATM0/0/0 Port-type: oc3suniIF Status: UP Admin Status: up

Auto-config: enabled AutoCfgState: waiting for response from peerIF-Side: Network IF-type: UNIUni-type: Private Uni-version: V3.0Max-VPI-bits: 8 Max-VCI-bits: 14Max-VP: 255 Max-VC: 16383Svc Upc Intent: pass Signalling: EnabledATM Address for Soft VC: 47.0091.8100.0000.0010.11b9.7801.4000.0c80.0000.00Configured virtual links: PVCLs SoftVCLs SVCLs PVPLs SoftVPLs SVPLsTotal-CfgdInstalled-Conns

6 0 0 11 0 0 17 9Logical ports (VP-tunnels): 0

Input cells: 3468148935 Output cells: 396815775 minute input rate: 0 bits/sec, 0 cells/sec5 minute output rate: 4000 bits/sec, 9 cells/secInput AAL5 pkts: 373812, Output AAL5 pkts: 3271892, AAL5 crc errors: 1

As we can see this describes different details of the interface 0/0/0, for e.g. it shows thatthe port is an OC3 (sonet) user network interface of type private and version 3.0. it alsospecifies the max VPI/ VCI size and other useful parameters.

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NOTE: It is important to remember the use of the ? key, it can be used at any timeto obtain help for any command.

For additional information on the Lightstream 1010 you may refer to the CISCO page:

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/atm/ls1010s/11_1/sw_cg/index.h

tm

We now move to the part where we generate cells on the ports and simultaneouslyreceive cells on the same ports, these cells are intermediately switched through thelightstream 1010.

We can now begin the experiment on connectivity. In this experiment we essentiallygenerate cells on port 1 of the adtech tester, these cells are transmitted to ATM Interface0/0/0(i.e., one of the 32 ports), using a pre-assigned PVC (VPI/VCI) connection. Thistraffic is then internally re-routed through the switch so as to be available on ATMInterface 0/0/1 which is then transmitted to port 2 on the Adtech tester, once again usinga pre-assigned PVC(VPI/VCI) connection.

The process to set up PVC connections is described in the index under section A.2.4.

After creating the necessary connections, you can check the same using the followingEXEC mode command for e.g.:

show atm vc interface atm card/sub_card/port vpi vci

This will generate all information regarding the connection created, for e.g. the cross-connect VPI/VCI and the interface for the PVC, whether the connection is up and

running and other signaling and connection information.

The details of all the relevant commands are given in the appendix.

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We use the AX/4000 controller software installed on the pc. Given above is an exampleof the interface provided for the user. The distribution model is used to generate thetype of cell sequence to be generated .one can choose periodic cells, periodic sequenceor any one of the many distribution models available.

The sequence definition is used to define the type of sequence to be generated. In our

case we just need to generate test cells and dont need to concern ourselves with OAMand signaling cells, so we choose one of the test cell sequences. We now need tospecify the PVC (i.e. the VPI/VCI pair, which is done as described in A.2.4) over whichthe selected sequence is being transmitted. We do this by loading a PDU after weselect the cell type/sequence type. An additional option is to select header error byteenable, which provides header error correction. We need not concern ourselves with thetraffic shaping option. The error injection option can be used to randomly inject errorsin selected bytes and analyze the same at the analyzer.

In the Analyzerwe need to select the same option as the one chosen for cell type ingenerator. This option is provided in substream setup.1. We are only sending onestream and hence are only concerned with the analyzed output for this substream. In

addition we need select the PVC (i.e. select the VPI/VCI pair, this is chosen) chosen forthis connection.

Once these connections are carried out we are ready to generate and analyze cells atthe Adtech tester. This is done by observing the statistics boxes in the generator andanalyzer windows. For additional information on the Adtech AX/4000 you may visit theWeb page: http://www.adtech-inc.com/products/ax4000.asp

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APPENDIX

Contents:

A.1 : Brief overview of ATM.A.2 :A.2.1: ATM Address configuration.A.2.2: Configuring the interfaces.A.2.3: Configuring network clocking.A.2.4: Configuring permanent virtual channel connections.A.2.5: Configuring terminating PVC connections.

ATM CONFIGURATION TUTORIAL

A.1 :

We begin with a brief overview of ATM:

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is a high-performance, cell-oriented switching andmultiplexing technology that utilizes fixed-length packets to carry different types of traffic.Networks that have been primarily focused on providing better voice services areevolving to meet new multimedia communications challenges and competitivepressures. Services based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and synchronousdigital hierarchy (SDH)/synchronous optical network (SONET) architectures provide theflexibility essential for success in this market.

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) can be viewed as an evolution of packet switching.

Like packet switching for data (e.g., X.25, frame relay, transmission control protocol[TCP]/Internet protocol [IP]), ATM integrates the multiplexing and switching functions, iswell suited for burst traffic (in contrast to circuit switching), and allows communicationsbetween devices that operate at different speeds. Unlike packet switching, ATM isdesigned for high-performance multimedia networking. ATM technology has beenimplemented in a very broad range of networking devices:

PC, workstation, and server network interface cards switched-Ethernet and token-ring workgroup hubs workgroup and campus ATM switches ATM enterprise network switches ATM multiplexers

ATMedge switches ATMbackbone switches

ATM is also a capability that can be offered as an end-user service by service providers(as a basis for tariff services) or as a networking infrastructure for these and otherservices. The most basic service building block is the ATM virtual circuit, which is anend-to-end connection that has defined end points and routes but does not havebandwidth dedicated to it. Bandwidth is allocated on demand by the network as users

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have traffic to transmit. ATM also defines various classes of service to meet a broadrange of application needs.

In ATM networks, all information is formatted into fixed-length cells consisting of 48bytes (8 bits per byte) of payload and 5 bytes of cell header (see Figure 1). The fixed cellsize ensures that time-critical information such as voice or video is not adversely

affected by long data frames or packets. The header is organized for efficient switchingin high-speed hardware implementations and carries payload-type information, virtual-circuit identifiers, and header error check.

Figure 1: Fixed-Length Cells

ATM is connection oriented. Organizing different streams of traffic in separate callsallows the user to specify the resources required and allows the network to allocateresources based on these needs. Multiplexing multiple streams of traffic on eachphysical facility (between the end user and the network or between network switches)

combined with the ability to send the streams to many different destinationsenablescost savings through a reduction in the number of interfaces and facilities required toconstruct a network.

ATM standards defined two types of ATM connections: virtual path connections (VPCs),which contain virtual channel connections (VCCs). A virtual channel connection (orvirtual circuit) is the basic unit, which carries a single stream of cells, in order, from userto user. A collection of virtual circuits can be bundled together into a virtual pathconnection. A virtual path connection can be created from end-to-end across an ATM

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network. In this case, the ATM network does not route cells belonging to a particularvirtual circuit. All cells belonging to a particular virtual path are routed the same waythrough the ATM network, thus resulting in faster recovery in case of major failures.

An ATM network also uses virtual paths internally for the purpose of bundling virtualcircuits together between switches. Two ATM switches may have many different virtual

channel connections between them, belonging to different users. These can be bundledby the two ATM switches into a virtual path connection. This can serve the purpose of avirtual trunk between the two switches. This virtual trunk can then be handled as a singleentity by, perhaps, multiple intermediate virtual path cross connects between the twovirtual circuit switches.

Virtual circuits can be statically configured as permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) ordynamically controlled via signaling as switched virtual circuits (SVCs). They can also bepoint-to-point or point-to-multipoint, thus providing a rich set of service capabilities. SVCsare the preferred mode of operation because they can be dynamically established, thusminimizing reconfiguration complexity.

ATM Classes of Services

ATM is connection oriented and allows the user to specify the resources required on aper-connection basis (per SVC) dynamically. There are the five classes of servicedefined for ATM (as per ATM Forum UNI 4.0 specification). The QoS parameters forthese service classes are summarized in Table 1.

Service Class Quality of Service Parameter

constant bit rate

(CBR)

This class is used for emulating circuit switching. The cell rate is

constant with time. CBR applications are quite sensitive to cell-delayvariation. Examples of applications that can use CBR are telephonetraffic (i.e., nx64 kbps), videoconferencing, and television.

variable bitratenon-realtime (VBRNRT)

This class allows users to send traffic at a rate that varies with timedepending on the availability of user information. Statisticalmultiplexing is provided to make optimum use of network resources.Multimedia e-mail is an example of VBRNRT.

variable bitratereal time(VBRRT)

This class is similar to VBRNRT but is designed for applications thatare sensitive to cell-delay variation. Examples for real-time VBR arevoice with speech activity detection (SAD) and interactive compressedvideo.

available bit rate(ABR)

This class of ATM services provides rate-based flow control and isaimed at data traffic such as file transfer and e-mail. Although thestandard does not require the cell transfer delay and cell-loss ratio tobe guaranteed or minimized, it is desirable for switches to minimizedelay and loss as much as possible. Depending upon the state ofcongestion in the network, the source is required to control its rate.The users are allowed to declare a minimum cell rate, which isguaranteed to the connection by the network.

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unspecified bitrate (UBR)

This class is the catch-all, other class and is widely used today forTCP/IP.

Table 1: ATM Service Classes

The ATM Forum has identified the following technical parameters to be associated witha connection. These terms are outlined in Table 2.

TechnicalParameter Definition

cell loss ratio(CLR)

CLR is the percentage of cells not delivered at their destinationbecause they were lost in the network due to congestion and bufferoverflow.

cell transfer

delay (CTD)

The delay experienced by a cell between network entry and exit

points is called the CTD. It includes propagation delays, queuingdelays at various intermediate switches, and service times atqueuing points.

cell delayvariation(CDV)

CDV is a measure of the variance of the cell transfer delay. Highvariation implies larger buffering for delay-sensitive traffic such asvoice and video.

peak cell rate(PCR)

The maximum cell rate at which the user will transmit. PCR is theinverse of the minimum cell inter-arrival time.

sustained cellrate (SCR)

This is the average rate, as measured over a long interval, in theorder of the connection lifetime.

burst tolerance(BT)

This parameter determines the maximum burst that can be sent atthe peak rate. This is the bucket-size parameter for the enforcementalgorithm that is used to control the traffic entering the network.

Table 2: ATM Technical Parameters

Finally, there are a number of ATM classes of service. These classes are all outlined inTable 3.

Class of Service CBR VBRNRT VBRRT ABR UBR

CLR yes yes yes yes no

CTD yes no yes no no

CDV yes yes yes no no

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PCR yes yes yes no yes

SCR

no yes yes no no

BT @ PCR no yes yes no no

flow control no no no yes no

Table 3: ATM Classes of Services

Its extensive class-of-service capabilities make ATM the technology of choice formultimedia communications.

ATM Standards

The ATM Forum has identified a cohesive set of specifications that provide a stable ATMframework. The first and most basic ATM standards are those that provide the end-to-end service definitions as described in Topic 4. An important ATM standard and serviceconcept is that of service interworking between ATM and frame relay (a fast-growingpervasive service), whereby ATM services can be seamlessly extended to lower-speedframe-relay users. Frame relay is a network technology that is also based on virtualcircuits using variable-length frame transmission between users.

ATM user network interface (ATM UNI) standards specify how a user connects to theATM network to access these services. A number of standards have been defined forT1/E1, 25 Mbps, T3/E3, OC3 (155 Mbps) and OC12 with OC48 (2.4 Gbps) in theworks. OC3 interfaces have been specified for use over single-mode fiber (for wide-

area applications) and over unshielded twisted pair or multimode fiber for lower-cost, in-building applications.

The following two ATM networking standards have been defined that provideconnectivity between network switches and between networks:

broadband inter-carrier interface (BICI) public network-to-network interface (PNNI)

PNNI is the more feature-rich of the two and supports class of service-sensitive routingand bandwidth reservation. It provides topology-distribution mechanisms based onadvertisement of link metrics and attributes, including bandwidth metrics. It uses amultilevel hierarchical routing model providing scalability to large networks. Parametersused as part of the path-computation process include the destination ATM address,traffic class, traffic contract, QoS requirements and link constraints. Metrics that are partof the ATM routing system are specific to the traffic class and include quality of service-related metrics (e.g., CTD, CLR) and bandwidth-related metrics (e.g., PCR). The pathcomputation process includes overall network-impact assessment, avoidance of loops,minimization of rerouting attempts, and use of policy (inclusion/exclusion in rerouting,diverse routing, and carrier selection). Connection admission controls (CACs) define

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procedures used at the edge of the network, whereby the call is accepted or rejectedbased the ability of the network to support the requested QoS. Once a VC has beenestablished across the network, network resources have to be held and quality serviceguaranteed for the duration of the connection.

All ATM traffic is carried in cells, yet no applications use cells. So, specific ways of

putting the data into cells are defined to enable the receiver to reconstruct the originaltraffic.

Configuring the ATM switch:

Before commencing with the configuration we need to understand the connections at thephysical layer.

The UNI (User network Interface) links between the 2 ATM interfaces (Port AdapterModules (PAMs)) and the AX/4000 are carried by DUPLEX SC connectors. The PAMSprovides 155 MM (multimode) fiber optic connections, i.e., the underlying physical layeris SDH (Sonet.)

A.2.1:

ATM Address Configuration

The Lightstream 1010 ATM Switch is autoconfigured with an ATM address using ahierarchical addressing model similar to the OSI network service access point (NSAP)addresses. PNNI uses this hierarchy to construct ATM peer groups. ILMI uses the first13 bytes of this address as the switch prefix that it registers with end systems.

Autoconfigured ATM Addressing Scheme

During the initial startup the LightStream 1010 generates an ATM address using thedefaults shown in Figure 2

Figure 2: ATM Address Format

Authority Format Identifier (AFI)---1 byte Cisco specific International Code Designator (ICD)---2 bytes Cisco specific information---4 bytes Cisco switch ID---6 bytes (used to distinguish multiple switches)

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Note This first 13 bytes of the address is a switch prefix used by ILMI in assigningaddresses to end stations connected to UNI ports.

MAC address of the switch---6 bytes (used to distinguish multiple End SystemIdentifier (ESI) addresses)

Note Both MAC address fields are the same but they may not be the same as theaddress on the chassis label.

Selector equals 0---1 byte

Default Address Format Features and Implications

Using the default address format has the following features and implications:

The default address format may also be used to manually configure otherswitches to allow them to be used in a single-level PNNI routing domain

consisting primarily of autoconfigured Cisco ATM switches. A globally uniqueMAC address must be used to generate the ATM address. The same MAC address can be used for bytes 8 through 13 and bytes 14

through 19. This address assignment format is relatively flat. To achieve scalable ATM

routing, addresses will need to be changed when connecting to a large ATMnetwork with multiple levels of PNNI hierarchy.

Summary addresses less than 13 bytes long should notbe used withautoconfigured ATM addresses. Other switches with autoconfigured ATMaddresses matching the summary may exist outside of the default peer group.

A.2.2:

Configuring the Interfaces

When the switch is powered on initially without any previous configuration data, the ATMinterfaces are automatically configured on the physical ports. ILMI and the physical cardtype are used to automatically derive the ATM interface type, UNI version, maximum VPIand VCI bits, ATM interface side, and ATM UNI type.

You can accept the default ATM interface configuration or overwrite the default interfaceconfiguration using the command line interface commands.

Checking the default Physical Layer Configuration of an ATM Interface:

Use show controller and show running-config Commands to Display the InterfacePhysical Layer Configuration.

To display the physical interface configuration, use the following commands:

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Task Command

Show the physical layer configuration. show controllers atmcard/sub_card/port

Show physical layer scramblingconfiguration.

show running-config

Examples

The following example displays the OC3 physical interface configuration aftermodification of the defaults using the show controllers command:

Switch# show controller atm 0/0/0IF Name: ATM0/0/0 Chip Base Address: A8808000Port type: 155UTP Port rate: 155 Mbps Port medium: UTPPort status:PATH LOP Loopback:PIF Flags:8000

TX Led: Traffic Pattern RX Led: Traffic PatternTX clock source: free-runningFraming mode: stm-1

OC3 counters:

Key: txcell - # cells transmittedrxcell - # cells receivedb1 - # section BIP-8 errorsb2 - # line BIP-8 errorsb3 - # path BIP-8 errorsocd - # out-of-cell delineation errors - not implemented

g1 - # path FEBE errorsz2 - # line FEBE errorschcs - # correctable HEC errorsuhcs - # uncorrectable HEC errors

txcell: 8501, rxcell:1165b1:0, b2:0, b3:0, ocd:0g1:0, z2:0, chcs:0, uhcs:0

OC3 errored secs:b1:0, b2:0, b3:0, ocd:0g1:0, z2:0, chcs:0, uhcs:0

OC3 error-free secs:b1:0, b2:0, b3:0, ocd:0g1:0, z2:0, chcs:0, uhcs:0

Clock reg:80

mr 0x30, mcfgr 0x70, misr 0xE0, mcmr 0xEF,mctlr 0x48, cscsr 0x50, crcsr 0x20, rsop_cier 0x40,

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rsop_sisr 0x40, rsop_bip80r 0x00, rsop_bip81r 0x00, tsop_ctlr 0xC0,tsop_diagr 0xC0, rlop_csr 0x00, rlop_ieisr 0x0C, rlop_bip8_240r 0x00,rlop_bip8_241r 0x00, rlop_bip8_242r 0x00, rlop_febe0r 0x00, rlop_febe1r 0x00,rlop_febe2r 0x00, tlop_ctlr 0x80, tlop_diagr 0x80, rpop_scr 0x64,rpop_isr 0x67, rpop_ier 0x43, rpop_pslr 0x00, rpop_pbip80r 0x00,rpop_pbip81r 0x00, rpop_pfebe0r 0x00, rpop_pfebe1r 0x00, tpop_cdr 0x00,

tpop_pcr 0x00, tpop_ap0r 0x00, tpop_ap1r 0x08, tpop_pslr 0x13,tpop_psr 0x00, racp_csr 0x86, racp_iesr 0x10, racp_mhpr 0x00,racp_mhmr 0x00, racp_checr 0x00, racp_uhecr 0x06, racp_rcc0r 0x00,racp_rcc1r 0x00, racp_rcc2r 0x00, racp_cfgr 0xFC, tacp_csr 0x06,tacp_iuchpr 0x01, tacp_iucpopr 0x6A, tacp_fctlr 0x00, tacp_tcc0r 0x00,tacp_tcc1r 0x00, tacp_tcc2r 0x00, tacp_cfgr 0x08,

Switch#

The following example displays the OC3 physical layer scrambling configuration aftermodification of the defaults using the show running-config command:

Switch# show running-configBuilding configuration...

Current configuration:!version 11.2no service padservice udp-small-serversservice tcp-small-servers!hostname Switch

!boot bootldr bootflash:/tftpboot/rbhide/ls1010-wp-mz.112-1.4.WA3.0.15!ip host-routingip rcmd rcp-enableip rcmd rsh-enableip rcmd remote-username dplatzip domain-name cisco.comip name-server 198.92.30.32atm filter-set tod1 index 4 permit time-of-day 0:0 0:0!atm service-category-limit cbr 64512

atm service-category-limit vbr-rt 64512atm service-category-limit vbr-nrt 64512atm service-category-limit abr-ubr 64512atm qos default cbr max-cell-loss-ratio clp1plus0 12atm qos default vbr-nrt max-cell-loss-ratio clp1plus0 12atm address 47.0091.8100.0000.0041.0b0a.1081.0041.0b0a.1081.00atm address 47.0091.8100.5670.0000.0000.0000.0040.0b0a.1081.00atm router pnninode 1 level 56 lowest

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redistribute atm-static!!interface ATM0/0/0no keepaliveatm manual-well-known-vc

atm access-group tod1 inatm pvc 0 35 rx-cttr 3 tx-cttr 3 interface ATM2/0/0 0 any-vci encap qsaalsonet stm-1no scrambling sts-streamno scrambling cell-payload--More--

A.2.3:

Configuring Network Clocking

This section describes network clocking, and network clocking configuration of theLightStream 1010 ATM switch.

Each port has a transmit clock and a derives its receive clock from the receive data.

Transmit clocking may be configured for each port in one of the following ways:

free-running---transmit clocking derived from the local oscillator on a PAM network derived---transmit clocking is derived from the highest configured

source, either from the system clock (the local oscillator on the ASP) or the publicnetwork (the default)

loop-timed---transmit clock is derived from the receive clock source

Derived clocking is received, along with data, from a specified interface. For example, inthe figure 3 given below the transmit-clocking, configured as priority one, it is extractedfrom the data received at interface 0/0/0 and distributed as the transmit clock to the restof the switch through the backplane. Interface 4/0/0 is configured to use network-derivedtransmit clocking which it receives across the backplane from interface 0/0/0.

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Figure 3 Transmit Clock Distribution

Since the port providing network clock source could fail the Cisco IOS provides theability to configure additional interfaces as clock sources, with priorities one to four.

If the network clock source interface goes down the software will switch to the nexthighest-configured priority network clock source. For example, in Figure 3 the followinghappens:

switch LS1010 number two is configured to receive transmit clocking from anexternal reference clock source through interface 0/0/0

interface 4/0/0 uses network-derived transmit clocking the priority one transmit clock interface 0/0/0 fails the priority two interface, 0/0/4, will immediately start providing the transmit

clocking to the backplane and interface 4/0/0 when the priority one interface, 0/0/0, has been functioning correctly for at least

two minutes the interfaces using network-derived transmit clocking will againstart receiving their clocking from interface 0/0/0

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Figure 4-4: Transmit Clocking Priority Configuration Example

Note If no functioning network clock source port exists at a given time, the system clockon the ASP is used as the default clock source.

Configuring Network Clock Priorities and Sources

Note: This configuration should not be done since the interfaces are alreadyconfigured to use a network-derived clock. The following note is for anunderstanding of how the network clock can be configured. You only need todisplay the network clocking configuration.

To configure the network clocking priorities and sources, use the following EXEC

commands. Use the no form of this command to disable

Task Command

At the privileged EXEC prompt, enterconfiguration mode from the terminal.

configure1[terminal]

Configure the network clock. network-clock-selectpriority{atm | cbr}card/sub_card/port

1This command is documented in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch CommandReference publication.

network clocking priorities and sources.

Examples

The following example configures interface 0/0/0, see of Figure 3, as the highest-priorityclock source to receive the network clocking:

Switch(config)# network-clock-select 1 atm 0/0/0

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Switch(config)# network-clock-select 2 atm 0/0/4Switch(config)# network-clock-select 3 atm 1/0/0Switch(config)#

Configuring Transmit Clocking Source

To configure where an interface receives its transmit clocking, use the following EXECcommands. Use the no form of this command to disable

Task Command

At the privileged EXEC prompt, enterconfiguration mode from the terminal.

configure1[terminal]

Select the interface to be configured. interface atmcard/sub_card/port

Configure the interface network clock source. clock source {free-running | loop-timed | network-derived}

1This command is documented in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch Command

Reference publication.

network clocking on an interface.

Examples

The following example configures ATM interface 4/0/0 to receive its transmit clockingfrom a network derived source:

Switch(config)#interface atm 4/0/0Switch(config-if)#clock source network-derived

Switch(config-if)#

Display Network Clocking Configuration

To show the switch network clocking configuration use the following commands:

Task Command

Show the network clocking configuration. show network-clocks

Show the interface clock source configuration. show running-config

Examples

The following example displays the switch clock source configuration of Figure 3.

Switch#show networkPriority 1 clock source: ATM0/0/0Priority 2 clock source: ATM0/0/4Priority 3 clock source: ATM1/0/0

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Priority 4 clock source: System clock

Current clock source: System

Switch#

The following example displays the clock source configuration of ATM interface 4/0/0:

Switch#show running-configBuilding configuration...

Current configuration:!version 11.2no service padservice udp-small-serversservice tcp-small-servers

!hostname Switch!boot bootldr bootflash:/tftpboot/ls1010-wp-mz.112-1.4.WA3.0.15!network-clock-select 2 ATM3/1/0

!

interface ATM4/0/0no keepaliveatm manual-well-known-vcatm access-group tod1 inatm pvc 0 35 rx-cttr 3 tx-cttr 3 interface ATM2/0/0 0 any-vci encap qsaalatm route-optimization soft-vc interval 360 time-of-day 18:0 5:0clock-source network-derived!

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A.2.4:

Configuring Permanent Virtual Channel Connections

This section describes configuring LightStream 1010 virtual channel connections(VCCs). A VCC is established as a bidirectional facility to transfer ATM traffic betweentwo ATM layer users. Figure 4 shows a VCC between ATM user A and user D.

Figure 4: Virtual Channel Connection Example

Note The value of the virtual path and virtual channel identifiers may change as thetraffic is relayed through the ATM network.

Note: The 8 and 14 bits allocated for VPI and VCI allow 255 VPI paths and 16383VCI channels. Of these the VCIs below 32 are reserved within each VPI for controlpurposes. Hence while assigning data connections assign VCIs outside thisrange.

Virtual Channel Connection Command Description

To configure a point-to-point VCC, use the following configuration command using theno form of this command to remove an entry:

Task Command

At the privileged EXECprompt, enter configurationmode from the terminal.

configure1[terminal]

Select the interface to beconfigured.

interface atmcard/sub_card/port [.sub-inter #]

Configure the PVC. atm pvc vpi[vci|any-vci2] [upcupc] [pdpd] [rx-cttr

index] [tx-cttrindex] interface atmcard/subcard/port[.vpt #] vpi[vci|any-vci2][upcupc]

1This command is documented in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch CommandReference publication.2The any-vci parameter is only available for atm interface 2/0/0.

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Parameterpdis not applicable to a virtual path.

Note When configuring PVC connections configure the lowest VPI and VCI numbersfirst.

Example

The following example configures the internal cross-connect PVC on Switch B betweeninterface 3/0/1, VPI=0, VCI =50 and interface 3/0/2, VPI=2, VCI=100 (see Figure 4)

Switch-B(config)#interface atm 3/0/1Switch-B(config-if)#atm pvc 0 50 interface atm 3/0/2 2 100

The following example configures the internal cross-connect PVC on Switch-C betweeninterface 4/1/0, VPI=2, VCI =100 and interface 0/0/1, VPI 50, VCI=255:

Switch-C(config)#interface atm 4/1/0Switch-C(config-if)#atm pvc 2 100 interface atm 0/0/1 50 255

Each subsequent VC cross-connection and link must be configured until the VC isterminated to create the entire VCC.

Example

The following example configures the CPU leg of any terminating PVC:

Switch(config)#interface atm 2/0/0

Switch(config-if)#atm pvc 0 ? vciany-vci Choose any available vci

Switch(config-if)#atm pvc 0 any-vciSwitch(config-if)#

When configuring the CPU leg of a PVC that is not a tunnel, the VPI should beconfigured as 0. The preferred method of VCI configuration is to select the any-vciparameter, unless a specific VCI is needed as a parameter in another command, suchas map-list.

Note If configuring a specific VCI value for the CPU leg, select a VCI value higher than300. This will prevent a conflict with an automatically assigned VCI for well-knownchannels if the switch reboots.

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Use the show vc Command to Display Virtual Channel Connections

To show the VC configuration use the following EXEC mode commands:

Task Command

Show the ATM interfaceconfiguration.

show atm interface [ atm interface atmcard/sub_card/port]

Show the PVC interfaceconfiguration.

show atm vc interface atm card/sub_card/port vpivci

Examples

The following example displays Switch-B PVC configuration on interface 3/0/1:

Switch-B#show atm interface

Interface: ATM-P0/0/3 Port-type: CBRIF Status: UP Admin Status: upAuto-config: enabled AutoCfgState: waiting for response from peerIF-Side: Network IF-type: UNIUni-type: Private Uni-version: V3.0Max-VPI-bits: 8 Max-VCI-bits: 14Max-VP: 255 Max-VC: 16383Svc Upc Intent: pass Signalling: EnabledATM Address for Soft VC: 47.0091.8100.0000.0040.0b0a.2b81.4000.0c80.0030.00Configured virtual links:PVCLs SoftVCLs SVCLs PVPLs SoftVPLs SVPLs Total-Cfgd Installed-Conns

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Logical ports(VP-tunnels): 0Input cells: 0 Output cells: 05 minute input rate: 0 bits/sec, 0 cells/sec5 minute output rate: 0 bits/sec, 0 cells/secInput AAL5 pkts: 0, Output AAL5 pkts: 0, AAL5 crc errors: 0

Switch#

The following example displays Switch-B PVC configuration on interface 3/0/1:

Switch-B#show atm vc interface atm 3/0/1Interface VPI VCI Type X-Interface X-VPI X-VCI StatusATM3/0/1 0 50 PVC ATM3/0/2 2100 UPSwitch-B#

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The following example displays Switch-B VC configuration on interface 3/0/1, VPI = 0,VCI = 50:

Switch-B#show atm vc interface atm 3/0/1 0 50Interface: ATM3/0/1VPI = 0 VCI = 50

Status: UPLast-status-change-time: 15:44Connection-type: PVCCast-type: point-to-pointPacket-discard-option: enabledUsage-Parameter-Control (UPC): passNumber of OAM-configured connections: 0OAM-configuration: disabledOAM-states: Not-applicableCross-connect-interface: ATM3/0/2Cross-connect-VPI = 2Cross-connect-VCI = 100

Cross-connect-UPC: passCross-connect OAM-configuration: disabledCross-connect OAM-state: Not-applicableEncapsulation: AAL5PNNIRx cells: 0, Tx cells: 0Rx connection-traffic-table-index: 3Rx service-category: VBR-RT (Realtime Variable Bit Rate)Rx pcr-clp01: 424Rx scr-clp01: 424Rx tolerance: 50Tx connection-traffic-table-index: 3Tx service-category: VBR-RT (Realtime Variable Bit Rate)

Tx pcr-clp01: 424Tx scr-clp01: 424Tx tolerance: 50Crc Errors:0, Sar Timeouts:0, OverSizedSDUs:0Switch-B#

A.2.5:

Configuring Terminating PVC Connections

This section describes configuring terminating permanent virtual channel (PVC)connections. Terminating connections provide the connection to the LightStream 1010switch CPU for LANE, IP over ATM, and control channels for ILMI, signaling, and PNNIplus network management. Figure 5 is an illustration of transit and terminatingconnections.

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Figure 5: Virtual Connection Types Example

Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint are two type of terminating connections. Both

terminating connections are configured using the same commands as transitconnections (discussed in the previous sections). However, all switch terminatingconnections use interface 2/0/0 to connect to the switch CPU.

The following sections describe both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurationof PVC and PVP connections.

Terminate PVC Connection Command Description

To configure both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint terminating PVC connections,use the following EXEC commands. Use the no form of this command to disable

Task Command

At the privileged EXECprompt, enterconfiguration mode fromthe terminal.

configure1[terminal]

Select the interface to beconfigured.

interface atmcard-A/sub_card-A/port-A [.vpt #]

Configure the PVCbetween ATM switchconnections.

atm pvc vpi-A[vci-A|any-vci2] [cast-type p2mp-leaf p2mp-root p2p][upcupc-A] [pdpd] [rx-cttrindex] [tx-cttrindex]interface atm card-B/subcard-B/port-B[.vpt #] vpi-B [vci-

A|any-vci2][upcupc-B] [cast-type p2mp-leaf p2mp-root

p2p]1This command is documented in the LightStream 1010 ATM Switch CommandReference publication.2The any-vci feature is only available for interface ATM 2/0/0.

.

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When configuring point-to-multipoint PVC connections using the atm pvc command, theroot point is port A and the leaf points are port B.

Examples

The following example configures the CPU leg of any terminating PVC:

Switch(config)#interface atm 2/0/0Switch(config-if)#atm pvc 0 ? vciany-vci Choose any available vci

Switch(config-if)#atm pvc 0 any-vciSwitch(config-if)#

When configuring the CPU leg of a PVC that is not a tunnel, the VPI should beconfigured as 0. The preferred method of VCI configuration is to select the any-vciparameter, unless a specific VCI is needed as a paramter in another command, such asmap-list.

Note If configuring a specific VCI value for the CPU leg, select a VCI value higher than300. This will prevent a conflict with an automatically assigned VCI for well-knownchannels if the switch reboots.

The following example configures the internal cross-connect PVC between interface3/0/1, VPI=1, VCI =50 and the terminating connection at the CPU interface 2/0/0, VPI=0,and VCI unspecified:

Switch-B(config)#interface atm 3/0/1

Switch-B(config-if)#atm pvc 1 50 interface atm 2/0/0 0 any-vci encap aal5snap

The following example configures a point-to-multipoint connection from the root pointPVC on switch interface 0/0/0, VPI=50, VCI =100 and the terminating connection at theleaf point switch CPU interface 2/0/0, VPI=0, VCI=300:

Switch(config)#interface atm 0/0/0Switch(config-if)#atm pvc 50 100 interface atm 2/0/0 0 300 enacap aal5snap

Displaying the Terminating PVC Connections

To show the terminating PVC configuration, use the following EXEC mode commands:

Task Command

Show the ATM interfaceconfiguration.

show atm vc card/sub_card/port

Show the PVC interfaceconfiguration.

show atm vc interface atm card/sub_card/port vpivci