16

Q9*�i TP ��*� G.702¥ Path Layer�

VP Laye r Ne twork

Node A

Node D(VP-XC) Node B

Node C

VP trail vpTT P

vpTT P

TP Layer Network

Node A


Node C

Node E(SDH ADM)

TP trailtpTT PtpTT P

VC Layer Network

Node A

Node C

Node B

VC link connection

VC trailvcTTP

vcTTPvcCTP

vcCTP

Node system, Tran smission Lin ks

Node A


Node C

Node E(SDH ADM)

ÁF¥½, TM(Transmission Medium) �� G.703

intra-office section layer� ÁF©1.

Wireless-ATM access linkÉ ùö¥á ý�á

MÒÝ Á&5�}©Í} } º� ¥ ¹Q�i

�m �¹M qbe� ATM cellÁ Qîi1.

wireless-ATM access�i¥ MÒÝ ^Ú�¹

qb� Q¥9 MAC(Medium Access Control)Á

iie- Õ1. ITU-T Ù-� G.774-08�iá

SDH ��¥ Radio Relay )ñ©� M© Mù

}ò� ©M¡¥- Õ1.

ATM VP ��*�iá 1e¥ M�

�](Virtual Channel) =ý1� EF¡¥9

Mù¥á M� ©(Virtual Path) �¹ \ M�

© =ýÁ ùöi1. ATM VP ��*� ATM

^�*(transit network)� ¹~¥½å ùöÝ

Ò5Q �=Ea� �-� Q¥9 Mö� ATM

�- Ùm� ¹~¥} Q¥9 ùöi1.

ATM VC ��*�iá ùöÝ 5�} Ò5Q

� qbeá M� �] =ý� ¹~¥½, ùöÝ

i�ñM á¹¥á i�ñ Õ�(Quality-of- Service:

QoS)� �¾)ñ} Q¥9 N VC =ý� Mù©

1.

2. B-ISDN **MMùù }}òò ¹¹½½

2.1 B-ISDN ��Mù }ò

ATM/B-ISDN Q©í© }ò ¹½á }Á OSI

7 �� Q©í© �� Á i�� áM¥9

Ò�NÅ ¹½É M�1. E 2�i Aá a�

fÁ ùöÝ �Á, i� �Á, Mù �Á�©

¹~e½, ùöÝ �Á� ùöÝ bA Qî

}ò� iB¥-, i� �Á� ùöÝ �Á�i

ùöeá ATM VP / VC =ý� qb, m \

Ái¥} Q© -�(Signaling) }ò� iB©1.

Mù �Á� ��Mù(layer management) }òI

�ÁMù(plane management) }ò�© ¹~e�

Õ1.

B-ISDN¥ ��Mù }ò�iá N ��

=ýMù }òÁ OAM(Operation Administration &

Maintenance)�© b¥e� Õ1. SDH }e¥

ATM Q9*¥ ý E 3�i Aá a� fÁ

�ù��¥ Regeneration section, Digital section \

Transmission path� M¥9 F1, F2, F3 OAM flowM

NN b¥e� Õ�½, ATM ��¥ Virtual Path

\ Virtual Channel ��Mù }ò�© F4 \ F5

OAM flowM b¥e� Õ1.

�ù��¥ ��Mù }ò� PDH Qî

)ñ© ]á SDH Qî )ñ©¥ Qî QUÑ

E 1: ATM Transport Network¥ ��N }ò¹½

17

qÑ1¡ ¹Q� ùö¥9 ¹Qe½, ie Cell

}e¥ Qî )ñ©�iá �ù�� MùÉ Q©

OAM Cell� ��© ùö¥9É ©1.

ATM ��Mù }ò� ATM VP �¹ ]á

VC �¹� MùÉ Q© segment OAM }òI

ATM VP Connection ]á VC Connection� M©

Ò5Q =ý¥ MùÉ Q© end-to-end OAM

}òÁ NN ùöi1.

�ù��¥ �� Mù }òÅ F1, F2 OAM¥

}ò� © 1�i Aá a� fÁ Qî m©¥

Qî -� \ Qî QUÑ¥ }ò� ]),

Mù¥½, F3 OAM� �ù��¥ e� Í ��

}òÅ � Ù(idle cell)¥ åù }ò, Ù &}¥

m 9Í, Ù 1¡ �9 Mù }ò M© Mù

}ò� AF©1[8].

E 2: B-ISDN Q©í© ��

Virtual Channel Connection (VCC)

Virtual Channel Link (VCL)

Virtual Path Connection (VPC)

Virtual Path Link (VPL)

Transmission Path (TP)

Digital Section (DS)

Regenerator Section (DS)

ATMLayer

PhysicalLayer

Endpoint of the corresponding levels

Connecting Point of the corresponding levels

F5 - Virtual channel level

F4 - Virtual Path level

F3 - Transmission path level (SONET path)

F2 Digital section level (SONET line)

F1 Regenerator section level (SONET section)

E 3: ATM �-*¥ ��Mù }ò

ATM VP / VC �� Mù }òÅ F4, F5 OAM

�iá òMù, ~òMù, ��Mù }ò¥

©~¡(activation) \ �©~¡(deactivation)� M©

}òÁ © 2�i Aá a� fÁ b¥e� Õ1.

ATM ��¥ òMù }ò�©µ �b�N

�) i*� ivò�© Q9¥á AIS(Alarm

Indication Signal), �b�N �) i*�:

vò�© Q9¥} Q© RDI(Remote Defect

Indication) / FERF(Far End Receiver Failure), =Ú~

]Í� Q© CC(Continuity Check), ò i*

]� ¢Å¥} Q© Loopback }òÁ ùöi1.

ATM ��¥ ~òMù }ò�©µ ivòI

:vò ~ò ])(monitoring)M ùöi1.

~ò]) \ =Ú~ ]Í }ò¥ )Þ

(activation)I Ò�(deactivation)� ùö¥9 �b

Å) )ñ©�i¥ �� Mù }ò� �ö�©

�i e Õ1.

2.2 TMN, CNM \ ILMI

ATM/B-ISDN� ùö© Ò5Q =ý� MÒÝ

¹�* ¹Q¥ =ýI B^ �-* ¹Q¥

=ýÁ u�© ^Úe� ¹~i1. MÒÝ

¹�*� i� MÒÝM ¹~¥- �Í �-*�

Mù¥} Q© CNM(Customer Network

Management)� ùö¥9 Mù©1 [13]. B^

�-*� ùö¥9 M� ùq*(Virtual Private

Network: VPN)� ¹~¥á ý CNM� B^

�-*� Mù¥á TMN(Telecommunications

Management Network)� Mù bAÉ á¹¥½å

Mù }ò� áú e Õ1.

E 4�i Aá a� fÁ CNMI

TMNQ�á CNM i�ñ ^Ú� Q© *Mù

�- }òÁ Á5� ½, Qù SNMP(Simple

Network Management Protocol) ��© ¹~i1.

CNM¥ MÒÝ* Mù }ò� �¥} Q¥9

B^ �-* Mù ��Å TMN¥ }ò�© CNM

agentM q¥e½, B^ �-* ¹Q¥ Ý� ^

ÁF MÒÝ�Ù Fi �-* Ý�� M©

bAÉ áú� }É iB©1. CNM Agent�i

iB¥9É ¥á * Mù bAá ATM Forum¥

CNM ©M�i Class 1I Class 2© b¥©1. Class

1�iá �-* Ý�¥ �) \ ¹~ bA�

M© ùºÁ½, Class 2�iá M� =ý(virtual

connection)¥ qb, áM, \ Ái� Mui

ùºÁ 9µe� MÒÝ áú� }É M�

ùq*� ¹~ e ÕÙ ©1 [13]. ò� CNM¥

Control Plane

UserPlane

SignalingUpper Layer

UserUpper Layer

ATM Layer

Physical Layer

Laye

r Man

agem

ent (

OA

M)

Pla

ne M

anag

emen

t (TM

N)Management Plane

ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)

18

}ò� CMIP(Common Management Information

Protocol)� ùö¥9 A1 1Þ© }ò�

iB¥Ù m ÐÁ1.

Hierarchy Function OAM-Flow Failure detection

Regenerator

section

Signal detection

Frame Alignment

Section error monitoring

F1

Loss of signal (LOS)

Loss of Frame (LOF)

Degraded / error performance (optional)

Digital

Section

Section error monitoring

Section error reportingF2

Degraded / error performance


Transmission

Path

Cell rate decoupling

Cell delineation

Customer network status monitoring

Header error detection / correction

Header error performance monitoring

AU-4 pointer operation

Path error monitoring and reporting

F3

Failure of insertion & suppression of idle cells

Loss of cell synchronization

Customer Network not available

Un-correctable error

Degraded header error performance

Loss of AU-4 pointer (LOP) or path-AIS


© 1: �ù �� Mù }ò

OAM Cell

TypeOAM Function Type Main Application

Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) Report defect indication in the forward direction

Remote Defect Indication

(RDI / FERF)Report remote defect indication in the backward direction

Continuity Check (CC) Monitoring continuityFault

Management

Loopback

On-demand connectivity monitoring

Fault localization

Pre-service connectivity verification

Forward Monitoring Estimating performancePerformance

Management Backward Monitoring Reporting performance estimation in the backward direction

Performance Monitoring PM activation / deactivationActivation /

Deactivation Continuity Check Continuity check activation / deactivation

© 2: ATM �� Mù }ò

B^ �-* ¹Q¥ �-* Mùá TMN

��© Á5� ½, N �-* áÙ ò¥ �Í�

�-* Mù \ )ñ© MùÉ Q© agent }òÁ

¹Qe½, CMIP Q©í© }e¥ Q3 ^Ú�

�¥9 TMN �N )ñ©(Operation System :

OS)�© ^Úi1[9]. TMN �N )ñ©�

EML(Element Management Layer), NML(Network

Management Layer), SML(Service Management

Layer)¥ ��© ¹~e½, NN 5Q )ñ© \

iYq��¹ Mù, :* \ Qº* Mù,

i�ñ Mù¥ }ò� AF©1.

MÒÝ ¹�*¥ )ñ©I B^ �-*¥

5º �¥}á Public UNI ©M� }É ^Úe½,

UNI ^Ú ¹Q� M© Mù }ò� iB¥}

Q¥9 ATM Forum�iá ILMI(Integrated Local

Management Interface)� ©M¡¥M1[12].

ILMIá SNMP É ùö¥½, �ù��, ATM ��,

ATM �� bA, VPC \ VCC =ý bA,

IÙ >ª bA, LAN Emulation Configuration Server

(LECS) >¥ i�ñ iBÝ Q¥É ¢Å e

19

Õá i�ñ >ª }ò >� iB©1. ATM VPC

\ VCC =ýbA©á ©M qb Mò =ý ie,

VPI/VCI IÙ �) ¹}, Qù qbi VCC /

VPC¥ ie, �å� �~, �ö �), QoS >V

>¥ bAM iBi1.

User equipment(ATM-based)

ATM SwitchILMI

Public UNI

Q3 interface

CNMagent

OS

OSOS

Private ATM Network

CNM(NMS)

CNM service interface / SNMP

Public ATM Network

TMN Operation Systems

ILMI : Integrated Local Management InterfaceCNM : Customer Network Management

PrivateNetwork

PublicNetwork

E 4: B-ISDN *Mù ��

3. ATM/B-ISDN ¹¹~~MMùù

3.1 ¹~Mù(Configuration Management) }ò

TMN��¥ �-* �öMù�i ¹~Mù

á �- i�ñÉ iB e Õ�ª �-* áÙ

)ñ© \ Qî �¹É q�(provisioning) \ q¥

¥½, �-* )ñ©¥ �)É ]), i�¥á }

ò� iB©1. �-* )ñ© q¥�iá q¥e

á )ñ©¥ ÙQ�5�É �ö 1� ©v¥½å

U} qbe�É ¥á =ý1� qb¥½, )ñ©

¥ U} �)É b©1.

�-* )ñ© �)¥ ]) \ i��iá

N �-* áÙ(network element)1¥ �ö �)(in-

service, out-of-service, standby ]á reserved)É ¢Å

¥-, Á� M© �) qb� ÅÍ�i �ö�©

�i e Õ�½, ò i*) -Ú© B¹É Q

© �ö ½Á ¥ A� Mò \ ½Á B¹É

�©1.

3.2 ATM VP ^�* ¹~ Mù

�-* q¥5��iá ùöÝ =ý áú�

M© -Ú© =ý qbÁ Mò¥Ù ¥½, ò

i*) -Ú© © ù}¥M Mò¥�ª

^�*� ¹~¥9É ©1. }Á¥ Q¡*�iá

^� �¥}É 3 ~ 4 �Q(hierarchical level)©

¹Ñ¥9 Á1� �ù b)© ¹~¥á v��

I© ùö¥M1. �ù ¹½¥ ^�*¥ ý

© mbÁ 5i¥- N N:� =ý Mù

}òÁ 5i© ò]Á Õ�å, �ù �¥ N

subtree root Å)M �ö Q�� å e Õ-,

^� Qî �¹� òM i*eá ý M�

© qbÁ i©eá 5]Á Õ1.

Á� f� �i]� Áý¥} Q¥9 Mù

N:� }É Ñi ATM Q9*� E 5�i

Aá a� fÁ 5º �¥ �Q� ^� �¥

�Q ��© ¹~eá 2 �Q �-* ��©

¹~¥á v�� ùö e Õ1. Á9©

¹½�i authority domain network / regional domain

network ��i¥ N ^� �¥}(ATM-TEX)

1� mesh b)å hypercube b)© ¹~ e

Õ�½, Á ý ATM VC �� =ý¥ qbÁ

1ý -Ú¥Ù Á5� � e Õ-, ATM VP/VC

=ý MùM öÁ¥Ù i1.

^�* ¹~�iá Q�NÅ �-*¥

Í¥É ->¥Ù åù e Õ�É ¥½, ò

i*) ýÙ ©É -Ú¥Ù mb e Õ�É

¥-, N 5º �¥} Q¥ =ý qb�i i�ñ

Õ�(QoS) �© ¹Ñi ^�* ©É iB e

Õ�É ©1. ATM � Áö¥á B-ISDN¥ ý

ATM VP ��*� Áöµ�©µ ^�* ¹~Á

1ý öÁ¥1.

Ö, N transit domain subnetwork Q� ùQ�

*Mù }ò� ¥¥9 ^�* ¹~ö Virtual Path

Connection 1© ¹~¥-, ÁÉ Áö¥9 N local

domain subnetwork �i¥ ò½ù ^Ú á¹� }

É signaling¥ }ò� ¥Á on-demand© Virtual

Channel Connection � iB¥á v�� ùö e

Õ1. *Mù }ò� ¥¥9 ¹~eá ^�* ¹

~ö Virtual Path Connection 1¥ =ý topology \

M:: F >� ATM �-*¥ �å� =ý u

�� }É I}N�© m e Õ�½, TMN >

¥ *Mù }ò� ¥¥9 i1.

4. ATM/B-ISDN ==ýýMMùù

4.1 =ý Mù }ò ¹½

ATM Q9*¥ ATM VC/VP �� *�i

Transit domain subnetworkI Local domain

subnetwork�á NN ATM Transit Exchange(TEX)

� ATM Local Exchange(LEX)M switching node©

i 9µe½, 1e¥ ATM VC/VP portÉ iB©1.

ATM transport network¥ administrative domain

20

subnetwork ��á E 6I f1. Á ��i

Local domain subnetworkI Transit domain

subnetworká �� ^Be �á M�� Õ�½,

transit link© ^Úi1. NN¥ Local domain

local domainsubnetwork






transit domainsubnetwork




VP transit network


Regional Domain A Regional Domain B

Authority Domain

ATMTE

ATMTE

ATMTE

ATMTE

ATMTE

ATMTE

ATMTE

ATMTE

ATMTE

ATMTE

ATMTE

ATMTE

VP link

Transit networkingVP trail

VC/VP link

E 5: ATM VP ^�*¥ ¹~

NMLCP

EMLCP

NE

CPECP

NE

Local domainD

CPN domainY

CSM/CC

NMSOperator

SSM

NMLCP

EMLCP

NE

CPECP

NE

CPN domainX

Local domainA

NMLCP

EMLCP

EMLCP

NE NE NE

Transit domainB

NEL

EML

NML

SML

NMLCP

EMLCP

EMLCP

NE NE NE

Transit domainC

regional domain 1 regional domain 2

NMLCP

NMLCP

NMLCP

authority domain

CSM/CC CSM/CC CSM/CC

E 6: ATM /B-ISDN¥ =ýMù }ò¹½

subnetwork� Transit domain subnetwork�á

Network Management System(NMS)¥ }ò�©µ

TP ��* Mù }ò, VP ��* Mù }ò, VC

��* Mù }òÁ Õ�½, ÁF domain

subnetwork �¥ ��*�i¥ =ý1� Mù¥Ù

i1. ATM Q9*�i ¹~eá ATM VC/VP

=ý� ¥å¥ administrative domain��i�

¹~m e Õ�½, ]© 1e¥ administration

domain� m¥9 b~m e � Õ1. Á ý,

N domain¥ subnetwork�á subnetwork

connectionÁ ¹~e½, subnetwork Q� topological

link� ¹~eá link connectionÁ �� =ý)õ1.

1e¥ administration domain� m¥9

b~eá =ý(VC trail ]á VP trail)� qb¥}

Q¥9 N domain¥ ��* =ýMù }òõ�

1Á �� ^Úe�É ©1.

ATM Transport Network¥ =ý Mù ��á

TINA-C¥ ATM =ý Mù ��É }e�© ©

}ò ¹½É M� e Õ1[11]. Á =ý Mù �

��iá Network Layer Management System(NMS)

� CSM(Communication Session Manager)/

CC(Connection Coordinator), NML-CP(Connection

Performer)M q¥e½, NMS operatorá CSM/CC©

^Úi1. Á9© =ý Mù ��i N domain

¥ NMS1� SDH TP, ATM VP, ATM VC �� M

ù }ò� M ½, N Domain¥ N ��

Subnetwork Connection1� qb, m , Ái¥-,

ò i*) Self-healing / Resoration Uu� }É

©N¥ Backup PathÉ mb¥9 Ý& B¹¥Ù i

1.

4.2 =ý Mù ��

ATM/B-ISDN�i¥ =ý Mù ��á *M

ù }ò� ¥© ATM VP ^�* qb \ Mù Ñ

É� signaling� ¥© ùöÝ¥ Ò5Q ATM VC

=ý qb�© ¹Ñ e Õ1. ATM VP ^�*

qb� 3.2U�i qÒ© a� fÁ Q� �-*

� M© ^�* �¥} \ ^�* Qî©É ¹~

¥-, 5º �¥}Q¥ �^ =ý ©É ATM

VP trail© iBµ�©µ -Ú© ùöÝ Ò5Q

21

ATM VC =ýÁ qbm e Õ�ª ©1. ^�*

ATM VP trail1¥ M:: F� ùQ� Ñji

ùöÝQ �å� eá Un� }É q� \ qb

e½, qbi Á�¥ �-* ùö Q¶� }É I

}N�© ù½be�É ©1.

ùöÝ¥ Ò5Q ATM VC =ý qb áú )

© qb �-ùå� N ^�* Q9 ©� M

© �ö� �ý¥-, E ýI� }É ©Ù �ö¥

©M mbi1. Á� ^�* Q9 ©¥ �ö

� q¥ ö�� M© Qù ùö M::� -q¥

9 �- = )Q�© å å½, N Q9 ©¥

QoS� µ% -qi1. Á� f� Q9 © �ö

� © qb� Q© YÉ¡ © be½, *M

ù }ò� ¥Á N �¥} \ EMS(Element

Management System)� qbi1.

^�* Q9 ©¥ �ö� Q� �-*¥

Í¥M -b� Á= e Õ�ª ½Ue�É ¥½,

ÁÉ Q¥9 N ^�* Qî ©¥ ùöu�

ÚN�© nb¥9 © qb YÉ¡ M I}N

�© ½Ue�É ©1.

New VPCs,routes update

Network topology update

Load Balancing

RSARSARSA

Managementplane

Controlplane

Route selection parameter(priority, link cost) update

Switchingnode andLink

Network load

(Network-widetraffic condition)

TransitRouteDesign

Predictedusage

ATMEX

ATMEX

ATMEX

E 7: ATM/B-ISDN =ýMù ��

5. B-ISDN ~~òòMMùù

5.1 B-ISDN �-* i�ñ Õ� (QoS)

B-ISDN� 1Þ© Ò¥¥ �=Ea� bA �Ñ

� õuN�© � e Õ�ª q¥ \ Mùe

�É ©1. �=Ea� bA �-� Õ�i M¡

b i�ñÅ ý Ò5Q bA Q9 = )QÁ

©M 300 ms Á�© i©e�É ©1[7]. ]© }

Á Q¡ i�ñ \ TV N� i�ñ¥ Õ�� A

ò¥} QÁiá Ò5Q Q9 = &(jitter) Á

10 ms Á�© i©e�É ©1. N �=Ea�

i�ñ�i á¹¥á �� 9 i*u, � Ý1

u, Ò5Q �- = )Q >� © 3�i Aá

a� f1.

B-ISDN�i ùöÝ¥ Ò5Q ATM VC =ý

� 1e¥ �¥}� Qî m©É m¥9 ¹~

e © NN¥ �¥}� Qî m©�i¥ ��

�9 i*u, � Ý1u, �- = )Q >� Ò

¶N�© Mù¥9É ©1.

5.2 ATM �� ~òMù OAM }ò

B-ISDN �-*¥ Ò5Q Q9 ~ò }M�

ùöÝM ©ÒN�© i�ñ Õ�� ^ ÝÉÙ

eá 5�} Q¥ Q9 ~òÁ e½, �-*¥ }

M]�i Q9~òÁ )bi1. B^ �-* ¹

Q�i¥ Q9 ~ò� B-NT 1Q¥ Q9~ò�

b¥á T }M]�i b¥i1.

ATM �-*¥ Q9 ~ò� ATM VP ��

\ VC ��=ý� M© ~ò nb� Q¥9 E

8I fÁ ~ò])(Performance Monitoring :

PM) OAM Cell� I}N�© Qî©1. ~ò nb

� Q© PM OAM Cell�á ~ò nb� Q© º

ö�©µ ii Õ�, j ùöÝ Ù ie, Bit

Interleaving Parity (BIP), îe- )Q nb \ Ñj

� Q© time stamp>¥ bAM î-5�i Òr

i1. e-5�iá PM OAM Cell ùÁ¥ ATM

Cell a:� M© cell Ý1u, �9 i*u, Qî

= )Q, Qî = &, a: �9 i*u, Ñ

1i Ù¥ ie, qÒi Ù¥ ie >� Ñj¥

½, E ýIÉ A-©1.

UserSource/Sink

PerfomationMeasurement

Processing

A CountBIP-16

Count,BIP-16

Insert

Extract

A B

User CellPM OAM Cell

E 8: ATM VP/VC ~ò])

22

ATM =ý� M© ~ò ]) }ò�

Activation / Deactivation OAM }ò� ¥¥9 �ö

�© i�m e Õ1. Activation / Deactivation OAM

Ù�á ~ò ]) Nö vò, ~ò ])¥ Ù a

: ¹}, ¡� *�Ý >Á 9µi1.

Service Bit Error Ratio Cell Loss RatioAverage

End-to-end delay

Telephony

- without echo cancellation

- with echo cancellation

10-4 10-4 < 25 [ms]

< 300 [ms]

Conversational Video 10-2 10-3 < 300 [ms]

Data transmission 10-7 10-6 1,000 [ms]

Distributive computing 10-7 10-6 50 [ms]

Hi-fi sound 10-5 10-7 1,000 [ms]

Remote process control 10-5 10-3 1,000 [ms]

© 3: ^M: �=Ea� bA �- i�ñ¥ ~ò á¹ ùº

5.3 B-ISDN ~òMù }ò

B-ISDN �-*¥ ~ò Mù }ò� ùöÝ¥

Ò5Q bA Qî�i ^bi i�ñ Õ�� ¾

)ñ} Q¥9 ATM �� =ý \ AAL =ý� M

© i�ñ Õ� \ �-* ~ò� Mù©1. ÁÉ

Q¥9 �-* �Í¥ N Qî �¹, �¥Å)É �

ù��, ATM �� \ ATM N�� (AAL)�© M

ù¥½, E 9�i Aá a� fÁ B^ �-*

¹Q� M© ~ò� T ^Ú]�i Mù©1.

�-* �Í�i¥ �å� Mu ~ò Mù º

ö�©µ �îi� (Congestion Control)M 9µi1.

�î i��iá N �¹ \ �¥Å)¥ Òér �

å�� nb¥-, �¹ \ ÑÉ¥ ùöu� ])¥

9 �-*Á �î �)M e ��ª ©1.

Network Performance at T

Bearer Service QOS at T

Network Performance at SBearer Service QOS at S

Bearer Service QOS at S

Quality of Service

UserService

TA

UserOption

T S

R

NT2

NT1

TE2

TE1

UserService

TA

User

Option

S T

R

NT1

NT2

TE1

TE2

Public ATM Transport Network

E 9: B-ISDN �-*¥ Ò5Q Q9 ~ò }M]

6. B-ISDN òòMMùù

6.1 òMù }ò

B-ISDN¥ òMù }ò�©á A ])

(alarm surveillance) , ò i* ] ¢Å(fault

localization), ò bb(fault correction), )% \

�5(testing & diagnosis) }ò >Á 9µi1.

A ])}ò�iá 1�I f� �b�N �)

� M© ]) \ A ùº åùÉ ©1 :

z QUÑ �� 9, CRC/BIP > �9 ]Í ¡

)¥ �b�N �) ])

z Qî -�¥ m1, A i* -�, QUÑ

�¥ 9Å}¥ m1, QUÑ¥ m1 >¥ �

b�N ýµ¥ ])

z ò i*¥ ])

z ò i* ) A ùº1¥ �� Mu~

Ñj, 9I(filtering) \ A-

ò i* ] ¢Å }ò�iá �-* Å

) )ñ©¥ �Í �5 }ò, loopback }ò \

ò Ñj }ò� Áö¥9 òM i*i ]

� ¢Å©1. ò bb }ò�iá Ý� ¥m

(self healing ) }òI A� U�(protection

switching) }ò� �¥9 i*i ò �)¥ b

b� )�¥½, qbi ©É B¹(connection

restoration)©1. ò �)É Ñj¥} Q© )%

\ �5 }ò�©á ~ò )%, loopback )% \

=Ú~ ]Í(continuity check) >¥ }òÁ ùöi

1.

6.2 ATM ��¥ ò MùÉ Q© OAM }ò

23

6.2.1 AIS \ FERF/RDI

15�© =ýi Qî© ��i ^Q Å) )

ñ©Á òÉ ] ¥Á Qî vò¥ ¥¥ Å) )

ñ©�© ò i* ù1� �A¥} Q¥9 A

�A -�(alarm indication signal : AIS)É ùö©1.

E 10-a�i Å) 2� Å) 3ùÁ¥ Qî ©

�� òM i*¥Á Å) 3� ÁÉ ] ¥-, ¥

¥ Å)É Q¥9 AISÉ i* )õ1. ¥¥ Å)

1� AISÉ �¥9 �¥�i¥ ò i*� � e

ÕÙ i1.

ivò¥ Ò5 Å)Å Å) 4á AISÉ e-¥

Á ÁÉ eMvò Qî©É �¥9 �¥n Å)1

�Ù �A¥} Q¥9 FERF(Far End Receive Failure)/

RDI(Remote Defect Indicator) -�É i*)õ1.

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�� òM i*¥M�� e Õ-, Á� M©

ò Mù }ò� eÖ©1.

E 10-b� fÁ Þvò Qî© �� &)�

òM i*© ý�� N Qî©¥ ivò�©

AISM ùöe� ò i* ù1Á �Ae½, ÁF

Qî©¥ Ò5 Å)� ¥Á FEFR/RDI -�M i*

e� eM vò�© Q9e� õ- Å)1Á ò

i* ù1� �A h�ª ©1.

6.2.2 =Ú~ ]Í

ATM Q©í©� }e�© bAÉ Qî¥á

ý Qî ½Á M �á ý�á ATM Cell �ÑÁ

^5m e Õ1. �Ê Ù �ÑÁ ò)Q &� ^5

eÁ e-n�iá Q9 ©��i¥ �¥ Å))

ñ©Áå Qî m©�i òM i*i Ð�© ]

5 e Õ1. Á� f� �)É v ¥-, î e-

5 ùÁ¥ ATM Cell �Ñ� m ¥} Q¥9 =Ú

~ ]Í OAM Cell� ùö©1.

î-n 5�}�iá Éb© )Q Qö��

(U : 1U) ùöÝ bAM i*e �á ý =

Ú~ ]Í OAM Cell� *~¥9 e-5�© Qî

©1. =Ú~ ]Í� ATM VP/VC Ò5Q ]á ¹Q

�© 1Öm e Õ1. =Ú~ ]Í OAM Cell� î

e-5¥ Á: &} m �� ùöm e Õ1.

6.2.3 Loopback )%

òM i*i ý ò i* ]� b¢¥

Ù ��} Q¥9 loopback )%}ò� ùö e

Õ1. �M Ò5Q loopback )% }ò�© ò

i*� ¢Å© � loopback ¹Q� ]u âÙ)

ñ½ b�NÅ ¹QI � b�NÅ ¹Q� ¹Ñ

µ�©µ òM i*© ¹Q� ¢Å e Õ1.

Loopback OAM cell¥ î-n�i loopback�

)Ö Å)É b e Õ�½, ÁF Å)�

¥ �)É ¢Å e Õ1.

1 2 3 4

RDI / FERF-BFailure - A

Failure - B

AIS - A

FERF - AAIS - B

“Upstream”from A

“Downstream”from A

“Upstream”from B

“Downstream”from B

1 2 3 4

“Upstream”from A

“Downstream”from A

Failure - AAIS - A

RDI / FERF-A(a) Failure in One Directions

(b) Failure in Both Directions

E 10: AIS \ FERF/RDI

6.3 B-ISDN�i¥ Self Healing }ò

ATM Virtual Path Transit Networking� ùö¥

á ý ò i*) ÁÉ åù¥á Uuá E

11I f1. �M B-ISDN¥ q� \ �-*

Ý� q¥ 5��i N �-* áÙ )ñ© Q

¥ VP transit trail \ Á1¥ backup trail¥ ©

É ùQ� qb¥- ÁÉ N �-* áÙ )ñ

©� )©1. 1� 5�©i *Mù )ñ©�

¥© ÚNÅ ò ]) 5�M 1Öe½, ÁÉ

Q¥9 �ù �� \ ATM ��MùÉ Q©

OAM }òÁ ùöi1[14].

�Ê òM i*eÁ Á� M© self-healing

UuM eÖe½, Á� ùQ� qbe� Õá

backup VP trailÁ òM i*i VP tail M- ù

öi1. �Ê 1e¥ òM &)� i*e�

Self-healing Uu© òÉ åù e �á ý

�á *Mù }ò� ¥¥9 áMNÅ B¹}ò

Á eÖe�É ©1.

ò åùM ��eÁ áMNÅ ò i*�

M�¥} Q¥9 backup VP 1� M© B¹ Uu

M eÖi1. Ö, �©� backup VP © qb \

Mu )ñ©�©¥ ) >Á eÖi1. Á 5�

24

�i i*i ò¥ B¹ }òÁ µ% eÖm e Õ1

Network Design Phase

(Assignment of original/backup VP)

Failure Watch Phase

(normal condition)

Restoration Phase 1

(Self-healing using backup VP)

Failure occurrence

QoS is high ?

Backup-VP Reconstruction Phase(Self-Reconstruction of backup VP)

Restoration Phase 3change PHY link* or

release another capacity**

Y

N Restoration Phase 2(Self-healing using

Dynamic Restoration)

Unrestorable VP by phase 1(Multiple failure, etc)

completedrestoration

data or servicewhich loss capacity

E 11: B-ISDN¥ self healing }ò Uu

7. ýý

U-Ú bA�-*�iá bA Qî Ú�M

UF e Bit¥ MÚ�©Í} UF e~ Megabit

¥ U-Ú� ÁÁ} � 1Þ¥½, ÁÉ Q¥9

�¥} \ Qî m©¥ ö�Á M)õ© q¥i

1. Á9© ^M: bA �-*�i Mò ^á©

]� ^M:¥ �-* Ý�� õuN�© Mù,

�ö e Õá }òÁ1. ]© U-Ú bA �-

*�iá �=Ea� bA �- i�ñÉ iB¥

Ù e½, �=Ea� bA �- i�ñ�iá N

bA 1� Ò¥�© á¹¥á �- Õ�� 1Þ

¥9 Á1� i�N�© ¹Ñ¥- Mù¥} Q©

}ò� �á¥1.

E É��iá B-ISDN�i¥ �-* Mù

}ò ¹½ \ N ÑÉ� Mù }ò� ��A¥1.

�M B-ISDN �-*¥ ��N ¹½� TMN ��

¥ �-* Mù }ò ¹½É Ñj¥M�½, B-

ISDN MùÉ Q© �� Mù }ò,

TMN(Telecommunications Management Network),

CNM(customer Network Management),

ILMI(Integrated Local Management Interface)¥ M�

\ }ò� ��A¥1.

�ÍNÅ B-ISDN Mù }ò ÑÉ©i ¹~M

ù, =ýMù, ~òMù, òMù }ò� u�©

Ñj¥M1. ¹~Mù }ò�iá ATM VP ^�

* ¹~Mù i�� µ% qÒ¥M1. B-ISDN =

ýMù }ò�iá =ýMù }ò¹½É Ñj¥

-, *Mù }òI signaling }ò� �¶N�©

-q© =ýMù ��É qÒ¥M1. ~òMù Ñ

É�iá B-ISDN �-* i�ñ Õ�(QoS)I Á

1� iB¥} Q© �� ~òMù OAM }ò

\ TMN�i¥ ~òMù }ò� ��A¥1.

òMù ÑÉ�iá Iá ò Mù }òI

ATM ��¥ ò MùÉ Q© OAM }òÅ AIS

\ FERF/RDI }ò, =Ú~ ]Í }ò, Loopback

)% }ò� ��A¥-, B-ISDN¥ self healing }

ò� M¥9 qÒ¥M1. E É��i qÒ© M

ù }ò� áM¥9 A�Mù(security management)

}òI IUMù(accounting management) }òÁ

¹Qe�É ©1.

64 kbps¥ MÚ Qî Ú�� 1Þ© i�ñ

Õ�Á ¹Ñe �á }Á Q¡*(Public

Switched Telephone Network: PSTN)� �¥9 B-

ISDN�iá MÚ�©Í} U-Ú� Qî M:

:Á ½ :�© �öe½, 1Þ© i�ñ Õ�Á

�=Ea� 1� �© á¹i1. }Éi Á� f

� 1Þ© á¹ ùº� ö¾ )ñ- U-Ú b

25

A �-*� õuN�© �ö¥} QÁiá �-

* �öMù }òÁ ��N�© ¹~e�É ¥½,

N Q©í© �� Mù }ò \ TMN ��

¥ �-* Mù}ò� ¹Q¥9É ©1.

[��--��]

[1] ATM : Foundation for Broadband Networks,

Uyless Black, Prentice Hall, 1995.

[2] ATM networks, Othmar Kyas, International

Thomson Computer Press, 1995.

[3] ATM : solutions for enterprise internetworking,

David, Ginsburg, Addison Wesley, 1996.

[4] Asynchronous Transfer Mode : Solutions for

Broadband ISDN, Martin de Prycker, Ellis

Horwood, 1993.

[5] ATM Networks, Rainer Handel, Manfred N. Huber,

Stefan Schroder, Addison Wesley Pub. Co. 1994.

[6] Planning & Managing ATM Networks, Daniel

Minoli, Thomas Golway, Manning Publications Co.,

1997.

[7] Multimedia : computing, communications and

applications, Ralf Steinmetz, Klara Nahrstedt,

Prentice Hall, 1995.

[8] ITU-T Rec. I.610, B-ISDN Operation and

maintenance principles and functions.

[9] ITU-T M.3000 series, Telecommunications

Management Network(TMN).

[10] Network Management Forum(NMF) TMN/C++,

ASN.1/C++, CMIS/C++, GDMO/C++, Application

Programming Interface.

[11] Telecommunications Information Networking

Architecture Consortium(TINA-C) Network

Resource Architecture.

[12] ATM Forum AF-ILMI-0065, Integrated Local

Management Interface(ILMI) 4.0, Sep. 1996.

[13] ATM Forum AF-NM-0019, Customer Network

Management(CNM) for ATM Public Network

Service(M3 Specification), October 1994.

[14] Youngtak Kim, “A Network Management

Architecture for Survivable ATM Transport

Networks”, 1997 Asia-Pacific Network Operations

and Management Symposium, Oct. 9-10, 1997, pp.

415-426.

�� NN �� (Young-Tak Kim)

1984. 2. NõM¦� BIM¦ Q

ÝB¦I (¦ù)

1986. 2. ©ºI¦ }m�(KAIST)

Q} \ QÝB¦I (B¦jù)

1990. 2. ©ºI¦ }m�(KAIST) Q} \ QÝB

¦I (B¦bù)

1990. 3. ~ 1994. 8. ©º�- �-* =¹Ù Qî*

=¹1ò / mÑ=¹�

1994. 9. ~ Qù NõM¦� BIM¦ bA�-B

¦I ½�e

M9ÑÉ : ATM/B-ISDN �-* q� \ Ñj,

�ö, Mù, U-Ú bA�-* �ö, �=Ea�

�-

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