ATM OCN 100 Summer 2002 1 ATM OCN 100 - Summer 2002 LECTURE 25 (con’t.) MID-LATITUDE WEATHER...

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MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER Madison Weather at 1000 AM CDT 7 AUG 2002 Updated twice an hour at :05 and :25 Sky/Weather: MOSUNNY Temperature: 68 F (20 C) Dew Point: 57 F (13 C)

Transcript of ATM OCN 100 Summer 2002 1 ATM OCN 100 - Summer 2002 LECTURE 25 (con’t.) MID-LATITUDE WEATHER...

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MADISON’S CURRENT WEATHERMADISON’S CURRENT WEATHER

Madison Weather at 1000 AM CDT 7 AUG 2002 Updated twice an hour at :05 and :25

Sky/Weather: MOSUNNY Temperature: 68 F (20 C) Dew Point: 57 F (13 C) Relative Humidity: 68% Wind: E3 MPH Barometer: 30.33S (1027.1 mb)

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Last 24 hrs in MadisonLast 24 hrs in Madison

                                                                                                                                                    

                

FOGFOG

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CURRENT CURRENT VISIBLEVISIBLE

TS CRISTOBALTS CRISTOBAL

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CURRENT IRCURRENT IR

TS CRISTOBALTS CRISTOBAL

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Current Surface Weather Map Current Surface Weather Map with Isobars (“iso” = equal & “bar” = weight), Fronts and Radarwith Isobars (“iso” = equal & “bar” = weight), Fronts and Radar

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Current Surface Winds Current Surface Winds with Streamlines & Isotachs (“iso” = equal & “tach” = speed)with Streamlines & Isotachs (“iso” = equal & “tach” = speed)

LL

LLHH

LL

LLLL

HH

LLHH

HH

LLLLHH

HH

LLHH

HH

LL HH

LLHH

HHLL

LL

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Current Temperatures (Current Temperatures (°°F) & IsothermsF) & Isotherms(“iso” = equal +”therm” = temperature)(“iso” = equal +”therm” = temperature)

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Current Temperatures (Current Temperatures (ooF) – 24 Hrs AgoF) – 24 Hrs Ago

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Current Dewpoints Current Dewpoints ((ooF) F)

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Current 34,000 ft. Winds & Current 34,000 ft. Winds & Jet StreamJet Stream

with Streamlines & Isotachs (“iso” = equal & “tach” = speed)with Streamlines & Isotachs (“iso” = equal & “tach” = speed)

TroughTrough TroughTrough

RidgeRidge

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Tomorrow AM Forecast MapTomorrow AM Forecast Map

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AnnouncementsAnnouncements

Homework #5 is Today (NLT 3:30 PM Homework #5 is Today (NLT 3:30 PM either in my mailbox or at my office)either in my mailbox or at my office)http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/aos100/homeworkhttp://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/aos100/homework

33rdrd Hour Exam is scheduled for Tomorrow. Hour Exam is scheduled for Tomorrow. See Review Sheet that has been posted at: See Review Sheet that has been posted at:

http://www.http://www.aosaos..wiscwisc..eduedu/~/~hopkinshopkins/aos100/exams/aos100/exams If you have ??, please see me.If you have ??, please see me.

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Cold FrontCold Frontsee Fig. 11.5 of Moran & Morgan (1997)see Fig. 11.5 of Moran & Morgan (1997)

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Cold Front Cold Front (con’t.)(con’t.) see Fig. 11.5 of Moran & Morgan (1997) see Fig. 11.5 of Moran & Morgan (1997)

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Warm FrontWarm Front see Fig. 11.3 of Moran & Morgan (1997)see Fig. 11.3 of Moran & Morgan (1997)

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Warm Front Warm Front (con’t.)(con’t.) see Fig. 11.3 of Moran & Morgan (1997) see Fig. 11.3 of Moran & Morgan (1997)

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ATM OCN 100 Summer 2002ATM OCN 100 Summer 2002 2020

Stationary FrontStationary Front see Fig. 11.2 of Moran & Morgan (1997)see Fig. 11.2 of Moran & Morgan (1997)

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Occluded FrontsOccluded Fronts see Figs. 11.7 & 11.8 of Moran & Morgan (1997)see Figs. 11.7 & 11.8 of Moran & Morgan (1997)

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ATM OCN 100 – Summer 2002ATM OCN 100 – Summer 2002LECTURE 28 LECTURE 28

MID-LATITUDE WEATHER SYSTEMS:MID-LATITUDE WEATHER SYSTEMS:PART II: THE EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONEPART II: THE EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE

A. INTRODUCTIONA. INTRODUCTION– Practical ProblemsPractical Problems

What is nature of mid-latitude storm systems?What is nature of mid-latitude storm systems? How to predict midlatitude storm systemsHow to predict midlatitude storm systems

– Historical PerspectiveHistorical Perspective

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B. B. THE NORWEGIANTHE NORWEGIAN or or POLAR FRONT POLAR FRONT (WAVE CYCLONE) MODEL(WAVE CYCLONE) MODEL

Designation of Extratropical CyclonesDesignation of Extratropical Cyclones Distinguishing Features of a Mature Polar Distinguishing Features of a Mature Polar

Front CycloneFront Cyclone

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Distinguishing Features:Distinguishing Features:Typical cyclone tracksTypical cyclone tracks

Extratropical cyclonesExtratropical cyclones

Extratropical cyclonesExtratropical cyclones

Tropical cyclonesTropical cyclones

Tropical cyclonesTropical cyclones

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Distinguishing features of the Distinguishing features of the POLAR FRONT CYCLONE MODELPOLAR FRONT CYCLONE MODEL

FRONTSFRONTS Cold airCold air vs. vs. Warm SectorWarm Sector

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A comma shaped cloud patternA comma shaped cloud pattern

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Occluded Cyclone over British Occluded Cyclone over British IslesIsles

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A Tropical cyclone with circular cloud A Tropical cyclone with circular cloud bands & eye bands & eye (Hurricane Mitch, 26 Oct 1998)(Hurricane Mitch, 26 Oct 1998)

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C. OBSERVED WEATHER FEATURESC. OBSERVED WEATHER FEATURES see Fig. 11.13 of Moran & Morgan (1997)see Fig. 11.13 of Moran & Morgan (1997)

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Wind Field around a cycloneWind Field around a cyclone - Observed Surface Winds- Observed Surface Winds

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Composite cyclone weatherComposite cyclone weather

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Composite cyclone weatherComposite cyclone weather

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Principal Storm TracksPrincipal Storm Tracks see Fig. 11.16 of Moran & Morgan (1997)see Fig. 11.16 of Moran & Morgan (1997)

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Lee-slope CyclogenesisLee-slope CyclogenesisSee Fig.1 pg. 275, Moran & Morgan (1997)See Fig.1 pg. 275, Moran & Morgan (1997)

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E. MOVEMENTS OF EXTRATROPICAL E. MOVEMENTS OF EXTRATROPICAL WAVE CYCLONES WAVE CYCLONES (con’t.)(con’t.)

Principal Cyclone Tracks overPrincipal Cyclone Tracks over North America North America

Time Sequences of Weather Events -Time Sequences of Weather Events - Single Point Forecasting Single Point Forecasting

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Weather along Storm TracksWeather along Storm Tracks(A) Warm Side(A) Warm Side vs. vs. (B) Cold side (B) Cold side

see Fig. 11.15 of Moran & Morgan (1997)see Fig. 11.15 of Moran & Morgan (1997)

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Weather on Warm SideWeather on Warm Side

Windy, warm & rainy in Windy, warm & rainy in Madison Madison

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Weather Conditions around Weather Conditions around Extratropical CycloneExtratropical Cyclone

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Warm or South Side of CycloneWarm or South Side of Cyclone

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Weather on Cold SideWeather on Cold Side

Development of a 5 inch snow Development of a 5 inch snow storm in Madison (with storm in Madison (with

temperatures in the teens)temperatures in the teens)

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Weather Conditions around Weather Conditions around Extratropical CycloneExtratropical Cyclone

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Weather Conditions around Weather Conditions around Extratropical CycloneExtratropical Cyclone

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Life Cycle of an Extratropical CycloneLife Cycle of an Extratropical Cyclone See Fig. 11.9 Moran & Morgan (1997)See Fig. 11.9 Moran & Morgan (1997)

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Incipient Cyclone Stage in the Life Incipient Cyclone Stage in the Life Cycle of an Extratropical CycloneCycle of an Extratropical CycloneSee Fig. 11.9A Moran & Morgan (1997)See Fig. 11.9A Moran & Morgan (1997)

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The Surface Low & the JetThe Surface Low & the Jet

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Linkage between surface weather Linkage between surface weather systems & winds aloftsystems & winds aloft

See Fig. 10.22 Moran & Morgan (1997)See Fig. 10.22 Moran & Morgan (1997)

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Wave Cyclone Stage in the Life Cycle Wave Cyclone Stage in the Life Cycle of an Extratropical Cycloneof an Extratropical Cyclone

See Fig. 11.9B Moran & Morgan (1997)See Fig. 11.9B Moran & Morgan (1997)

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Occluding Stage in the Life Cycle of an Occluding Stage in the Life Cycle of an Extratropical CycloneExtratropical Cyclone

See Fig. 11.9C Moran & Morgan (1997)See Fig. 11.9C Moran & Morgan (1997)

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Bent-Back Occlusion Stage in the Life Bent-Back Occlusion Stage in the Life Cycle of an Extratropical CycloneCycle of an Extratropical CycloneSee Fig. 11.9D Moran & Morgan (1997)See Fig. 11.9D Moran & Morgan (1997)

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Cyclones along the Polar FrontCyclones along the Polar Front

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Cyclone Families from TIROSCyclone Families from TIROS

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G. WINTER STORMSG. WINTER STORMS

DefinitionsDefinitions Winter Weather ConditionsWinter Weather Conditions

– Hazards of Winter StormsHazards of Winter Storms HEAVY SNOWHEAVY SNOW ICE STORMSICE STORMS STRONG WINDSSTRONG WINDS

– Ingredients of a Winter StormIngredients of a Winter Storm COLD AIRCOLD AIR MOISTUREMOISTURE LIFTLIFT

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See Figure 11.14 Moran & Morgan (1997)See Figure 11.14 Moran & Morgan (1997)

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WINTER STORMS WINTER STORMS (con’t.)(con’t.)

BlizzardsBlizzards

– Winter weather condition lastingWinter weather condition lasting 3 hours 3 hours oror more with: more with: Strong winds (35 mph or more);Strong winds (35 mph or more); Snow & blowing snowSnow & blowing snow

with visibility less than 1/4 mile. with visibility less than 1/4 mile.

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WINTER STORMS WINTER STORMS (con’t.)(con’t.)

Public Information DisseminationPublic Information Dissemination & Public Safety Precautions & Public Safety Precautions

– Blizzard warnings;Blizzard warnings;

– Winter storm watches & warnings;Winter storm watches & warnings;

– Ice storm warnings;Ice storm warnings;

– High wind warnings;High wind warnings;

– Wind chill warnings.Wind chill warnings.

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Cross Section thru a cycloneCross Section thru a cyclone

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An extratropical cycloneAn extratropical cyclone