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2 3

AT L A S O F A D V E N T U R E

Introduction 5How to use this book 6Guide to symbols 6Glossary 7

AAfghanistan 10Albania 11Andorra 12Angola 12Antarctica 13Argentina 16Armenia 22Australia 23Austria 41Azerbaijan 44

BBelgium 45Belize 46Bhutan 48Bolivia 49Bosnia & Herzegovina 51Botswana 52Brazil 53Bulgaria 56Burkina Faso 57

cCambodia 58Cameroon 61Canada 62Canary Islands 77Caribbean Islands 79Chile 81China 86Colombia 90

The Cook Islands 94Costa Rica 95Côte d’Ivoire 98Croatia 99Cuba 102Cyprus 102Czech Republic 103

dDenmark 104

eEcuador 105Egypt 107El Salvador 108Estonia 109Ethiopia 110

fFiji 111Finland 112France 113French Guiana 121

gGabon 121The Gambia 121Georgia 122Germany 123Ghana 127Greece 128Greenland 129Guatemala 130Guinea 131Guyana 131

hHonduras 132Hungary 133

iIceland 134India 137Indonesia 141Iran 145Ireland 147Israel & the Palestinian Territories 150Italy 151

jJamaica 157Japan 158Jordan 164

kKazakhstan 165Kenya 166Kiribiti 168Kyrgyzstan 169

lLaos 170Latvia 172Lebanon 172Lesotho 173Liechtenstein 173

Lithuania 174Luxembourg 174

mMacedonia 175Madagascar 176Malawi 178Malaysia 179Maldives 182Malta 182Mauritius 183Mexico 184Micronesia 189Mongolia 191Montenegro 193Morocco 195Mozambique 197Myanmar (Burma) 198

nNamibia 200Nepal 203The Netherlands 207New Zealand 208Nicaragua 220Nigeria 221Niue 221Norway 222

oOman 225

pPakistan 226Panama 227

Papua New Guinea 228Paraguay 229Peru 230Philippines 233Poland 234Portugal 235

rRéunion Island 237Romania 238Russia 239Rwanda 241

sSamoa 243San Marino 244São Tomé & Príncipe 244Senegal 245Serbia 246Seychelles 247Slovakia 248Slovenia 250South Africa 254South Korea 168Spain 261Sri Lanka 267Suriname 268Swaziland 268Sweden 269Switzerland 272

tTahiti & French Polynesia 278Taiwan 279Tajikstan 279Tanzania 280Thailand 282Tibet 285

Toga 287Tonga 287Turkey 288Turkmenistan 290Tuvalu 290

uUganda 291Ukraine 291United Arab Emirates 292United Kingdom 293United States 305Uruguay 324Uzbekistan 324

vVanuatu 325Venezuela 326Vietnam 327

zZambia 330Zimbabwe 331

Index 332Acknowledgements 336

4 5

ou never forget the first time that you clamber into a sea kayak, fasten the spraydeck over your lap and set off on your maiden voyage on the open water, sensing the

implacable power beneath your narrow craft and working with it rather against it. The same is true for embarking on any new activity or adventure in the great outdoors, whether that’s clipping into a climbing harness for a first lesson on scaling rock walls, or packing some provisions and pedalling away on a bicycle towards a distant horizon.

There are numerous ways of exploring our awe-inspiring planet via land, sea or air, and the Atlas of Adventure aims to introduce as many of them as possible in more than 150 countries around the world. We tracked down our most adventure-loving experts, wherever they happened to be, and asked them to share their tips for the best places to try all the activities listed overleaf. This book is the result: an alphabetically ordered romp around the globe, highlighting the best outdoor pursuits you can enjoy in each country. We’ll take you climbing in Thailand, mountain biking in America and sailing along the south coast of Britain. We’ve included everywhere it’s currently feasible to set your intrepid foot, exploring the less trafficked corners of popular spots and venturing to far-flung places

Yintroduction

you may never have previously considered visiting. A few island regions – notably the Caribbean – have been tackled collectively.

The pursuits in the Atlas of Adventure range from hiking, biking and snorkelling to more adrenalin-charged experiences that will require some tuition before you try them – but our intention is to offer ideas for accessible activities for first-timers. However, we have also included profiles of iconic events and interviews with inspiring personalities from the outdoor sports world to show what might be possible with a bit of practice. It’s easy to be intimidated by seemingly extreme feats but even the boldest biker, kayaker or mountaineer began somewhere and often the first step is simply deciding to try a new experience, one that might lie slightly outside your comfort zone, and giving it a go. Although we would urge all fledgling adventurers to seek expert tuition and equipment advice from accredited operators!

A desire for adventure is present in every traveller. And research has shown that learning a new skill or technique – whether that’s how to make a clean paddle stroke in a kayak or clear a difficult descent on a mountain bike – is what helps keep our brains young and our bodies healthy. So pack your passport and your compass for a thrilling and rejuvenating journey around the world.

Canoeing in La Mauricie National Park, Quebec, Canada

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Adventure Races Base Jumping / Skydiving Bungee Cycling CanoeingMountain Biking Kayaking

Kitesurfing

Dune boardingClimbing / Mountaineering /Canyoning / Coasteering / Ice

High-lining

Hiking Horseriding Motorbiking Rafting

Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding

ParaglidingTrail runningIce skating

Sailing

Skiing

Snorkeling / Diving / Scuba

Snowboarding Snowshoeing Surfing

4WD Abseiling Stand-up Paddleboard

Swimming Windsurfing Zip Lines


Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

Skiing






Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

Skiing






Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

Skiing






Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

Skiing






Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

Skiing






Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

Skiing






Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

Skiing






Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

Skiing






Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

Skiing






Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

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Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

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Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

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Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

Skiing






Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

Gliding


Sailing

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Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

Misc.

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Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

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Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

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Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

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Sailing

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Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

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Kitesurfing


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Glossary of Adventure TermsAbseiling Descending a rope using a braking device.Bikepacking Cycle touring but on a mountain bike.Bouldering Free solo rockclimbing (without ropes or other equipment) on large boulders rather than a vertical rock face, usually with crash pads to protect the landing.Canyoneering The US term for canyoning (exploring a gorge or canyon, sometimes with ropes, often tracing a waterway). Cat skiing Skiing (or boarding) in remote areas made accessible with the use of a snowcatCoasteering Combination of scrambling, wild swimming and free solo climbing around the tidal zone of a coast.Freediving Diving without scuba gear.Glade skiing Off-piste alpine or backcountry skiing through trees. Crag Rock face for climbing.Deep-water soloing (DWS) Rockclimbing unroped above water, usually on sea cliffs, but sometimes above rivers or lakes.Dirt-bagging Living cheap, by any means possible, in order to prolong an adventure experience.Free soloing Climbing without ropes or other protection.Freeride A discipline of mountain biking using stunts and obstacles on steep and technical trails. Also applies

to snowboarding on off-piste, backcountry terrain, often performing tricks.Gorge scrambling Canyoning (sometimes without ropes). Hardtail Mountain bike with front suspension only, as opposed to a dual or full-suspension bikeHeliskiing Skiing or snowboarding after being dropped off by a helicopter.Kloofing Canyoning in South Africa.Long-period swells Sets of waves that have travelled great distances and offer good surf.Long riding Big-distance horse riding.MTB A common abbreviation for mountain biking.Parahawking Paragliding combined with falconry.Rappelling See abseiling.Singletrack Tight, twisty and often technical section of running, riding or walking trail.Skyrunning Mountain running on peaks over 2000m in height.Sport climbing Rock climbing using permanently fixed anchors.SUP Stand-up paddleboarding, where people use a paddle to propel a large surfboard.Trad Climbing When rockclimbers place their own protection (anchors) while ascending. XC Cross-country mountain biking.

Guide to symbols

4WD ( four-wheel driving)

Adventure racing

BASE jumping/skydiving

Canoeing Caving Climbing & mountaineering

(including bouldering)

Cycling (road biking/touring)

Diving & snorkelling Dune boarding/volcano surfing

Hiking Horse riding Ice skating Kayaking Kitesurfing

Mountain biking (including

bikepacking)

Paragliding Rafting Running (trail/road)

Sailing Skiing Snowboarding

Stand-up paddleboarding

Surfing

Trekking (overnight & harder hiking)

Wild swimming

Wind surfing

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Hiking the Routeburn track in Fiordland National Park,

New Zealand

8 9

Sea kayaking around British

Columbia’s Haida Gwaii,

50km south of Alaska, is sensational.

Australia’s hiking and

running trails traverse a

rich diversity of terrain,

from alpine to desert.

Dive at dawn, then ascend

into Ecuador’s Avenue of the Volcanoes for

more explosive adventures.

Chile’s Torres del Paine is

an adventure playground for hikers, bikers, climbers and

kayakers.

Try kloofing in South Africa’s

incredible canyons, then

explore the Drakensberg by

bike or foot.

Besides its alpine offerings,

France also features the world’s best

bouldering, at Fontainebleau.

Way out west, Moab in Utah attracts many

mountain bikers, but don’t

miss the Sierra Nevada’s trails.

A fast-growing adventure

travel hotspot, Sri Lanka has superb surfing

and divine diving.

Beyond its busy cities, Japan’s

brilliant backcountry

offering ranges from skiing

to hiking and biking.

For an urban adventure,

paddle or ice-skate around Stockholm’s archipelago, and camp on the islands.

top adventure highlights

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Antarctica

Canada

China

U.S.A.

Russia

Greenland

Brazil

Australia

Antarctica

India

Iran

Kazakhstan

Algeria

Argentina

Libya

Mali

Mexico

Mongolia

Sudan

Peru

ChadNiger

Egypt

Sweden

Angola

Saudi Arabia

Bolivia

Turkey

Finland

EUROPE

EUROPE

Iraq

EthiopiaNigeria

Colombia

Namibia

Tanzania

Mauritania

Zambia

Kenya

Venezuela

Syria

Chile

Norway

Dem. Rep. Congo

Pakistan

South Africa

Morocco

Myanmar

Afghanistan

S. Sudan

Yemen

Botswana

Mozambique

Uzbekistan

Thailand

Somalia

Oman

Iceland

Madagascar

Congo

Turkmenistan

Paraguay

Cameroon

Vietnam

Zimbabwe

Gabon

GhanaGuinea

Uganda

Central African Rep.

Nepal

Tunisia

see inset

Ecuador

Laos

Kyrgyzstan

Guyana

Uruguay

Senegal

Côte d’Ivoire

Cuba

NewZealand

Tajikistan

Malaysia

SouthKorea

Burkina Faso

Papua New Guinea

Benin

EritreaCambodia

Malawi

Indonesia

Jordan

Somaliland

Suriname Malaysia

Georgia

Liberia

Nicaragua

Bangladesh

Honduras

Azerbaijan

Togo

NorthKorea

W. Sahara

Guatemala

Panama Sri Lanka

Bhutan

Haiti

Taiwan

French Guiana

Armenia

Israel

Costa Rica

Lesotho

Fiji

Belize

United Arab Emirates

Burundi

Dominican Rep.

Caribbean

Kuwait

Djibouti

Qatar

Guinea-Bissau

Swaziland

El Salvador

Lebanon

Jamaica

Timor-Leste

Philippines

Reunion

Madeira

Comoros

Guam

Sao Tome& Principe

Palau

Mayotte

Singapore

Niue

Solomon Is.

Vanuatu

Micronesia

Tonga

Easter I.

Seychelles

Micronesia

Bermuda

Saint Helena

Cook Is.

Ascension

Fr. Polynesia

Nauru

Kiribati

Pitcairn Is.

Maldives

Marshall Is.Sierra Leone

Rwanda

Gambia

Mauritius

Brunei

Samoa

Bahamas

New Caledonia

Japan

Cape Verde

American Samoa

N. Mariana Is.

Kiribati

Tokelau

ARCTIC OCEAN

INDIAN OCEAN

SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN

SOUTHERN OCEAN

SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN

Albania

SlovakiaCzech Rep.

Belgium

Sweden

Turkey

Finland

Ukraine

France

Spain

PolandBelarus

Norway

Italy

Germany

Romania

Latvia

Greece

Bulgaria

Ireland

AustriaHungary

UnitedKingdom

Lithuania

Portugal

Estonia

Serbia

Croatia

Denmark

Moldova

Netherlands

Corsica

Cyprus

Andorra

Malta

Switzerland Slovenia

MacedoniaKosovo

Bosnia-Hercegovina

Montenegro

Luxembourg


Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

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208208 209

AT L A S O F A D V E N T U R EAT L A S O F A D V E N T U R E

espite tourism bodies and marketing people doing their utmost to recast this country as Middle Earth over the past decade or more, New Zealand isn’t in the

middle of anything. Teetering on the outer edge of the Pacific Ring of Fire, isolated at the southern extremity of the planet, whipped by weather that is utterly unforecastable, buckled by the soaring Southern Alps and sitting pretty and unpredictable atop multiple fault lines in the Earth’s crust – this two-island nation is still physically fidgeting and shape shifting beneath the restless feet of its populace.

And what people this elementally powered place has produced. There are only four and a half million of them, but you’ll always find a Kiwi at the very forefront of each new adventure pursuit and thrill-chasing trend, leading the way, surfing the wave and rolling the dice as they jump, run, ride, climb, spin, slide, plummet and paddle down, across or up whatever obstacle or opportunity they’ve decided to take on. The British did their utmost to claim him, but the first person to stand on the roof of Planet Earth, alongside Nepali Sherpa mountaineer

D

The land of the long white cloud is also a country of endless trails, boundless beaches, charging rivers and epic horizons, punctuated by imposing peaks.

New Zealand

Tenzing Norgay, was a dyed-in-the-wool New Zealander. And Edmund Hillary had learned his trade well in his own backyard, on the frozen and unforgiving slopes of Mt Cook.

Visitors to New Zealand are often overwhelmed by the extreme arena they’re suddenly flung among. You can barely go round a corner here without coming across something – a glacier, fiord, volcano, waterfall, mountain, gorge, surf-stroked bay, vividly coloured lake, thermally heated beach or bubbling puddle of mud – that will literally take your breath away. It’s borderline ridiculous. And because of the country’s position on the globe – a long-haul flight from absolutely everywhere else – you often get to explore the more eccentric corners of this extraordinary environment in relative solitude.

New Zealand is the place where the wildest dreams of everyday adventurers become a reality. Whether you consider yourself a tramping-camping-trailblazer, someone who gets their kicks in the saddle or with a paddle, a climber, skier or aspiring expedition zorb pilot – this is the country to come to in order to push your ability and ambition to the outer limit.

LakeWakatipu

LakeWanaka

LakePukaki

LakeTekapo

LakeTaupo

LakeManapouri

LakeTe Anau

Hen &ChickenIslands

CapePalliser

OtagoPeninsula

CapeReinga

BanksPeninsula

CoromandelPeninsula

North Cape

Stewart Island/Rakiura

GreatBarrierIsland

T A S M A NS E A

Cook Strait

Foveaux Strait

T A S M A NS E A

S O U T HP A C I F I C

O C E A N

S O U T HP A C I F I C

O C E A N

Bay of Plenty

HawkeBay

Golden Bay

PegasusBay

Bay ofIslands

KaiparaHarbour

Milford Sound

GreatExhibition Bay

HaurakiGulf

MarlboroughSounds

Northland

WhanganuiNational Park

CatlinsConservationPark

TongariroNational Park

Abel TasmanNational Park

FiordlandNational Park

Mt Taranaki(Mt Egmont)

(2518m) Mt Ruapehu(2797m)

Mt Owen(1875m)

Aoraki/Mt Cook(3754m)

Mt Murchison(2400m)

HaastPass

WestCape

WELLINGTON

Arthur'sPass

Takaka

Oamaru

Dargaville

Palmerston

Kaitaia

Murchison

Kaikoura

Te Araroa

Opononi

MilfordSound

Russell

Wanaka

Invercargill

Christchurch

Nelson

Whangarei

Gisborne

Rotorua

Hamilton

Hastings

TaupoNew

Plymouth

Whanganui

PalmerstonNorth

Dunedin

Auckland

Te Anau

Queenstown

Greymouth

Fox Glacier Franz JosefGlacier

38°S

40°S

42°S

168°E 170°E 172°E174°E

176°E 178°E 179°E177°E175°E171°E169°E167°E

35°S

37°S

39°S

41°S

43°S

44°S

45°S

46°S

47°S


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Swimming Windsurfing Zip LinesAdventure Races Base Jumping / Skydiving Bungee Cycling CanoeingMountain Biking Kayaking

Kitesurfing


High-lining


Cliff JumpingCaving

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ambling through Romania you’ll traverse volcanic cones in the Oaș and Harghita ranges, explore copious caves in the Apuseni Mountains, kayak 80 glacial

lakes in the Retezat Mountains and meander through meadows swaying with wildflowers on the Moldovan Plains. Heading east, the Buzău River’s narrow gorge gushes whitewater, while waterways are calmer in the southern Danube Delta.

CanyoningNestled in the Apuseni Mountains, the Galbenei Canyon carves deep into a limestone massif creating a gorge with natural arches, caves and hundreds of metres of rock walls. The narrow and chilly channel is fed by an underground spring, creating a canyoner’s wet dream with nine waterfalls and abseils up to 15m long. Plucky adventurers can plunge into potholes in places, while underground tunnels add to the allure. The

r

Forget bloodied fangs and dictators, modern Romania offers gorgeous canyons, snow-capped peaks and a delta rippling with adventure.

Romaniathree via ferrata sections can be challenging if it’s humid, as steel cables get slippery. Winter wading is a no-no (unless pneumonia’s on your ‘to-do’ list); summertime splashing is the go-go.

HikingIt would be rude to hike in the Southern Carpathians and not complete one of Europe’s longest mountain traverses along the razor ridges of the Făgăraș Mountains. The country’s highest point, Moldoveanu Peak (2544m), is here, along with more than 150 glacial lakes.

KayakingThe huge Danube Delta is an ever-changing aquatic labyrinth where guides are essential. Paddle down side-canals, dangle a rod, scythe through swathes of reeds, camp on secluded islands amid sand dunes, and spy a wealth of wildlife, including millions of Egyptian pelicans. A twitcher’s dream, the delta has Europe’s highest concentration of bird colonies.

Don’t leave without…

Rafting the river Buzău (Grade II-III+

rapids), or going one better and kayaking/

canoeing its pretty tributary, Basca,

where experienced paddlers can tackle

an extra 15km of Grade III-IV rapids

in spring.

Retezat National Park in the Southern Carpathian Mountains offers idyllic hiking terrain.

The largest country on Earth offers almost unlimited adventure potential, much of which is still relatively unexplored.

RussiaAnimal trekking safaris are on offer in Siberia,

where the Sayansky Canyon leads to Sayano-Shushensky Reserve and the (remote) chance to spy rare snow leopards. In Durminoskoye, Lazovsky and Zov Tigra (Tigers’ Call) national parks, guided treks seek Siberian tigers and Amur leopards. Lake Kurile, in Kamchatka, is a good bet for finding bears; there are so many around that an armed guard is essential.

ussia’s vast landmass holds everything from epic rolling plains, rugged mountains, colossal forests, endless tundra and active volcanoes. And, though years

of communist rule made Russia a closed shop, international tourists, albeit in limited numbers, are slowly starting to gain access to its natural wonders. If you take the trouble to look, you can find extreme mountain bike rides, volcano hikes, challenging trail runs, unique dive locations and some of the biggest, least explored whitewater on the planet. Moscow and St Petersburg are the main entry points, but the 2014 Winter Olympics also put Sochi on the map. Siberia’s Lake Baikal and wild Kamchatka are accessible but harder to reach, while the far northern wilderness is one of the world’s most remote places. Crimea has huge potential, but it is currently a disputed region (see Ukraine on p291).

HikingKamchatka’s remote fumarole fields and bubbling geysers are a challenging, exciting destination. Most of the region is impossible to access, but Gorely and Mutnovsky volcanoes can be reached on a bumpy two-hour drive from Petropavlovsk–Kamchatsky, while Uzon volcano is reachable by helicopter.

Lake Baikal, the world’s oldest and deepest, has a growing trail network, including a three-day route from Listvyanka to Bolshoye Goloustnoye on coastal bluffs, sandy beaches and deep forest. Further east, Altai has routes through glacial mountains, river canyons and pristine blue lakes, particularly around Mt Belukha, though serious wilderness and poor trails make a guide essential.

rLake Baikal is a popular hiking destination, and in winter hikers can venture onto the ice.

332 333


INDEXAadventure racing

Caribbean Islands 80Ireland 148–149New Zealand 219Norway 224Paraguay 229

Bbackcountry skiing, See

cross-country skiing

BASE jumpingMalaysia 181Norway 222Switzerland 277United States 323

bikepacking & cycle touring See also mountain bking, road cycling

Angola 12Australia 27Canada 69Chile 81China 88–89Denmark 104Iran 146Mongolia 191–192Paraguay 229Serbia 246Slovenia 253Tajikistan 279Thailand 284Vietnam 328

blackwater raftingBelize 47New Zealand 219

bobsleddingFrance 118Norway 224

bog-walkingEstonia 109

boulderingAustralia 32, 33Brazil 55Burkina Faso 57Canada 74Denmark 104Finland 112France 118, 119Germany 125Japan 161New Zealand 215–216Seychelles 247

bridge jumping / swingingBosnia & Herzegovina 51Ecuador 106

Ccamel trekking

Australia 40Egypt 107India 137Jordan 164Kenya 166Kyrgyzstan 169Morocco 196United Arab Emirates 292Uzbekistan 324

canoeing, See also kayakingArgentina 19Australia 30–31Cameroon 61Canada 70–71Finland 112Germany 126Ghana 127Hungary 133Ireland 147, 149Kiribati 168Latvia 172New Zealand 217Slovakia 249South Africa 258Sri Lanka 267Suriname 268Sweden 269–270Switzerland 277United Kingdom 302–303United States 316–318Zambia 330

canyoningAustralia 40Austria 43Bosnia and Herzegovina 51Caribbean Islands 80Croatia 100Cuba 102France 119Greece 128Japan 163Jordan 164New Zealand 219Philippines 233Romania 238Slovenia 253South Africa 259–260Switzerland 277Taiwan 279

Turkey 289United Kingdom 304United States 322–323

cavingAustralia 40Belize 46–47Cambodia 60Caribbean Islands 80Cook Islands 94Hungary 133Iceland 135Macedonia 175Madagascar 176Malaysia 181Niue 221Russia 240Samoa 243Slovakia 249Thailand 282Turkey 289Turkmenistan 290United Kingdom 304United States 322Vietnam 328–329

climbing, See also bouldering, deepwater soloing, mountaineering, tree climbing, via ferrata

Albania 11Antarctica 13–15Argentina 17–18Armenia 22Australia 32–33Austria 41–42Bosnia & Herzegovina 51Brazil 55Bulgaria 56Burkina Faso 57Cambodia 60Cameroon 61Canada 74Chile 85China 86–88Colombia 93Côte d’Ivoire 98Croatia 100Cuba 102Cyprus 102Czech Republic 103Denmark 104Ethiopia 110Finland 112France 118–119Georgia 122Germany 123–125

Greece 128Greenland 129Guatemala 130Indonesia 143–144Iran 145Ireland 149Italy 153–154Japan 160–161Jordan 164Kenya 166Kyrgyzstan 169Laos 170Lebanon 172Macedonia 175Madagascar 177Malawi 178Malaysia 180–181Malta 182Mexico 184–186Morocco 196Namibia 202New Zealand 215–216Norway 224Pakistan 226Papua New Guinea 228Russia 240Seychelles 247Slovakia 248–249Slovenia 253South Africa 259Spain 266Switzerland 276Taiwan 279Thailand 284Turkey 289United Kingdom 298United States 314–315Venezuela 326Vietnam 329

coasteeringUnited Kingdom 304

cross-country skiingAustralia 39Argentina 18–20Czech Republic 103Estonia 109Finland 112France 118Germany 126Liechtenstein 173Montenegro 194Norway 222–223Poland 234Sweden 271United States 313

cycling, See bikepacking & cycle touring, fat-biking, heli-biking, mountain biking, road cycling

Ddeep-water soloing

Vietnam 329diving & snorkelling

Antarctica 15Argentina 21Australia 34–35Belize 46–47Brazil 55Bulgaria 57Cambodia 58Canary Islands 77Caribbean Islands 78–79China 89Colombia 92–93Cook Islands 94Costa Rica 97Cuba 102Cyprus 102Ecuador 106Egypt 107El Salvador 108Fiji 111France 118French Polynesia 278Galápagos Islands 106Greece 128Honduras 132Iceland 135India 139–140Indonesia 144Italy 156Jamaica 157Japan 163Jordan 164Kenya 167Kiribati 168Macedonia 175Madagascar 177Malawi 178Malaysia 179–180Maldives 182Malta 182Mauritius 183Mexico 187–188Micronesia 189Montenegro 194Mozambique 197Myanmar (Burma) 199

New Zealand 219Niue 221Oman 225Panama 227Papua New Guinea 228Philippines 233Portugal 236Russia 240Samoa 243–244Seychelles 247South Africa 260South Korea 168Spain 266Sri Lanka 267Tanzania 281Tonga 287Thailand 282Tuvalu 290United Kingdom 304United States 319Vanuatu 325

dogsleddingCanada 76Estonia 109Greenland 129Svalbard (Norway) 224

dune boardingNamibia 200

Ffatbiking

Canada 75France 118Svalbard (Norway) 224

four-wheel driving (4WD)Angola 12Australia 40Kazakhstan 165Oman 225

Gglacier trekking

Svalbard (Norway) 224gorilla trekking

Rwanda 241

Hhang-gliding

Bulgaria 57heli-hiking

Canada 63heli-kayaking

Australia 31New Zealand 217

Russia 240heli-skiing

Bulgaria 57Canada 75Georgia 122Iceland 136India 138New Zealand 218Russia 240

hikingAfghanistan 10Albania 11Angola 12Argentina 16–17Armenia 22Australia 36–37Austria 43Azerbaijan 44Bhutan 48Bolivia 50Bosnia and Herzegovina 51Botswana 52Brazil 53Bulgaria 56Cambodia 58–60Cameroon 61Canada 63–65Canary Islands 77Caribbean Islands 79–80Chile 83–85China 86Colombia 90–91Costa Rica 96–97Côte d’Ivoire 98Croatia 99–100Ecuador 105-–106El Salvador 108Estonia 109Ethiopia 110Fiji 111Finland 112France 113–115French Guiana 121French Polynesia 278Gabon 121Gambia 121Georgia 122Germany 123Ghana 127Greece 128Guatemala 130Guinea 131Guyana 131Honduras 132Hungary 133

Iceland 135India 137–138Indonesia 143–144Iran 146Ireland 147–148Israel & the Palestinian

Territories 150Italy 153–154Jamaica 157Japan 161–162Jordan 164Kazakhstan 165Kenya 166–167Kyrgyzstan 169Latvia 172Lesotho 173Liechtenstein 173Lithuania 174Luxembourg 174Macedonia 175Madagascar 176–177Malawi 178Malaysia 181Mauritius 183Micronesia 189Montenegro 193–194Morocco 195Mozambique 197Myanmar (Burma) 198Namibia 200–201Nepal 203–205Netherlands 207New Zealand 213–214Nicaragua 220Nigeria 221Norway 222Oman 225Pakistan 226Panama 227Papua New Guinea 228Peru 231, 232Philippines 233Poland 234Portugal 235Réunion Island 237Romania 238Russia 239Rwanda 241San Marino 244São Tomé & Príncipe 244Serbia 246Seychelles 247Slovakia 248Slovenia 250–251South Africa 256

South Korea 168Spain 262–263Sri Lanka 267Suriname 268Svalbard (Norway) 224Swaziland 268Sweden 270Switzerland 272–273Taiwan 279Tajikistan 279Tanzania 280Thailand 284Tibet 285Togo 287Tonga 287Turkey 288Turkmenistan 290Uganda 291Ukraine 291United Arab Emirates 292United Kingdom 296–297United States 306–308Uzbekistan 324Vanuatu 325Venezuela 326Vietnam 328Zimbabwe 331

horse ridingBolivia 50Botswana 52Cuba 102Ghana 127Guatemala 130Guyana 131Iceland 136Jordan 164Kazakhstan 165Kenya 166Kyrgyzstan 169Mongolia 191–192Portugal 235San Marino 244Turkmenistan 290United States 322Uruguay 324

Iice climbing

Canada 74France 118Japan 161Liechtenstein 173

ice-skatingNetherlands 207

Sweden 271ice-surfing

Hungary 133inline-skating

Netherlands 207

Kkayaking, See also canoeing

Bosnia & Herzegovina 51Brazil 54Bulgaria 57Cambodia 60Canada 72–73Caribbean Islands 79Chile 82–83China 88Cook Islands 94Costa Rica 98Croatia 101Cuba 102Cyprus 102Denmark 104Ecuador 106Fiji 111France 119–120Germany 126Greece 128Guatemala 130Honduras 132India 140Indonesia 142Ireland 147Italy 156Japan 163Laos 171Latvia 172Lithuania 174Macedonia 175Madagascar 177Malta 182Mexico 186, 188Montenegro 194New Zealand 217Niue 221Norway 223Oman 225Pakistan 226Panama 227Papua New Guinea 228Poland 234Portugal 236Réunion Island 237Romania 238Russia 240Samoa 244

334 335


Senegal 245Slovakia 249Slovenia 253South Africa 258Spain 263Sweden 269–270Switzerland 277Tajikistan 279Tibet 286Turkey 288Uganda 291Ukraine 291United Arab Emirates 292United Kingdom 302–303United States 316–318Vietnam 328

KayakingAlbania 11Antarctica 13–15Argentina 19Australia 30–31Austria 42–43Belgium 45Belize 46Bhutan 48

kite-skiingGreenland 129

kitesurfingArgentina 21Brazil 55Canary Islands 77Caribbean Islands 79Cuba 102Denmark 104Egypt 107France 120Greece 128Hungary 133Jamaica 157Kenya 167Madagascar 177Mauritius 183Micronesia 189Mozambique 197Sri Lanka 267Uruguay 324

Mmountain biking 284, 196

Andorra 12Argentina 20–21Armenia 22Australia 24–26Austria 43–44Azerbaijan 44

Belgium 45Bhutan 48Bolivia 49Bosnia & Herzegovina 51Brazil 53Canada 64–67Canary Islands 77Caribbean Islands 80Chile 82, 85China 86Croatia 101Cyprus 102Denmark 104Ecuador 105El Salvador 108Ethiopia 110Fiji 111France 116–117Germany 126Greece 128Guatemala 130Iran 146Israel & the Palestinian

Territories 150Italy 152–153Jamaica 157Japan 159–160Kenya 167Latvia 172Lesotho 173Luxembourg 174Malawi 178Malta 182Montenegro 194Morocco 196Namibia 202Nepal 205–206New Zealand 210–212Niue 221Norway 223Portugal 236Réunion Island 237Russia 240Senegal 245Serbia 246Slovenia 253South Africa 254–255Spain 264Switzerland 276–277Tibet 286Turkey 289Ukraine 291United Arab Emirates 292United Kingdom 300United States 310–311

Venezuela 326Vietnam 328

mountaineeringAfghanistan 10Antarctica 15Argentina 17–18Austria 41–42Bhutan 48Bulgaria 56Cameroon 61Ecuador 105France 118–119Georgia 122India 137–138Italy 153–154Kenya 166Kyrgyzstan 169Mexico 184–186New Zealand 215–216Peru 231Tanzania 280–281Tibet 286

Oorienteering

Australia 39Croatia 99

outrigger paddlingAustralia 30–31Cook Islands 94French Polynesia 278Hawaii (United States) 318

Ppackrafting

Kazakhstan 165Mongolia 192

paddling See canoeing, kayaking, rafting, SUP, surfski paddling

paraglidingAustria 44Bulgaria 57Georgia 122Guatemala 130Iceland 135India 139Israel & Palestinian

Territories 150Luxembourg 174Mongolia 192Montenegro 194Nepal 204–205Pakistan 226

South Africa 260United States 323

parahawkingNepal 204–205

pony trekkingLesotho 173

potholing, See caving

Rrafting

Argentina 19Bhutan 48Brazil 54Canada 73Chile 82–83Colombia 93Costa Rica 98Ecuador 106Ethiopia 110Georgia 122Guatemala 130Honduras 132India 139Indonesia 142Jamaica 157Japan 163Madagascar 177Malaysia 180Montenegro 194Nepal 206New Zealand 217Norway 223Panama 227Peru 230–231Philippines 233Réunion Island 237Romania 238Slovakia 248, 249Slovenia 253Spain 263Swaziland 268Sweden 270Switzerland 277Taiwan 279Tibet 286Turkey 288Uganda 291United States 316Zambia 330Zimbabwe 331

riverboardingSwitzerland 277Uganda 291

road cyclingAndorra 12

Argentina 19–20Armenia 22Australia 27Austria 43Belgium 45Brazil 54Canada 69Canary Islands 77Colombia 91–92Croatia 100–101Cuba 102Cyprus 102Finland 112France 115–116Germany 125–126India 138Ireland 149Italy 151–152Japan 158–159Liechtenstein 173Lithuania 174Luxembourg 174Montenegro 194Netherlands 207Norway 223Russia 240San Marino 244Serbia 246Slovenia 253South Africa 256South Korea 168Spain 264–265Switzerland 276–277United Arab Emirates 292United Kingdom 301United States 309Uruguay 324Vietnam 327

rock climbing, See climbingrogaining

Australia 39running, See also trail

runningCaribbean Islands 80Cook Islands 94Ethiopia 110France 116Japan 163South Africa 258

RunSwimSweden 270

Ssailing & land sailing

Argentina 21

Antarctica 13Australia 40Canary Islands 77Caribbean Islands 78Croatia 101Cuba 102Denmark 104Ecuador 106Greece 128Portugal 236Switzerland 277Tuvalu 290United Kingdom 291

sandboardingPeru 231–232

scuba diving, See divingsea kayaking, See kayakingskiing & snowboarding, See

also cross-country skiing, heli-skiing

Andorra 12Antarctica 13–14Argentina 18Australia 39Austria 41–42Bosnia and Herzegovi-

na 51Bulgaria 57Canada 75Chile 81Czech Republic 103Estonia 109Finland 112France 117Georgia 122Germany 126Greece 128Greenland 129Iceland 136India 138–139Iran 145–146Italy 154–155Japan 160–161Lebanon 172Liechtenstein 173Montenegro 194New Zealand 218Norway 222–223Poland 234Russia 240Serbia 246Slovakia 249Slovenia 251Spain 265Sweden 271

Switzerland 273–275Ukraine 291United States 312–313Uzbekistan 324

ski mountaineeringAntarctica 15Greenland 129

ski touringAndorra 12Iceland 136New Zealand 218Norway 222Sweden 271

skyrunningJapan 163

slackliningAustralia 40

snorkelling, See diving & snorkelling

snowboarding See skiing & snowboarding

snowmobilingPoland 234

snowshoeingAndorra 12Canada 75France 118

spelunking, See cavingSUP (stand-up paddleboarding)

Australia 30-–31Cook Islands 94French Polynesia 278Greece 128Iceland 136India 139Malaysia 180Maldives 182Malta 182Mauritius 183New Zealand 217São Tomé & Príncipe 244Switzerland 277Tuvalu 290Uganda 291United States 318

surfingAustralia 29Brazil 54–55Canada 76Canary Islands 77Caribbean Islands 80Costa Rica 95–96Côte d’Ivoire 98El Salvador 108France 120

French Polynesia 278Gabon 121Galápagos Islands 106Guatemala 130Iceland 134India 140Indonesia 141–142Iran 146Ireland 149Japan 162–163Kiribati 168Madagascar 177Malaysia 180Maldives 182Malta 182Mauritius 183Mexico 186–187Micronesia 189Morocco 195–196Namibia 201–202New Zealand 219Nicaragua 220Nigeria 221Panama 227Peru 230Philippines 233Portugal 236Réunion Island 237Samoa 243South Africa 259Spain 265Sri Lanka 267Taiwan 279Togo 287United Kingdom 304United States 320Uruguay 324

surfski paddlingAustralia 30–31Hawaii (United States) 317New Zealand 217South Africa 258–259

swimming, See wild swimming

Ttobogganing

Austria 41tower jumping

Czech Republic 103trail running 284

Andorra 12Argentina 18–19Australia 38Austria 43Bhutan 48

Brazil 53Bulgaria 57Cameroon 61Canada 65China 88Cook Islands 94Costa Rica 98Ethiopia 110France 115Ireland 148–149Italy 154Lebanon 172Mauritius 183Mexico 186New Zealand 218Norway 223Portugal 236Réunion Island 237Serbia 246South Africa 257Spain 261–262Switzerland 272–273Thailand 284Turkey 288United Kingdom 299United States 320

trail RunningCroatia 100

tree climbingBrazil 55

trekking, See hikingtubing

Belize 47

Vvia ferrata

Austria 41Cambodia 60Germany 125Italy 153, 154Malaysia 181Romania 238Switzerland 277United States 307

volcano boardingNicaragua 220

volcano surfingVanuatu 325

Wwalking, See hikingwalking safaris

Tanzania 281Zambia 330

wild swimming

Armenia 22Australia 40Brazil 54Burkina Faso 57Caribbean Islands 80Denmark 104Guinea 131Ireland 148Jamaica 157Nicaragua 220Senegal 245Togo 287United Kingdom 304United States 322

windsurfing 177Argentina 21Brazil 55Canary Islands 77Caribbean Islands 79Croatia 101Denmark 104Greece 128Hungary 133Jamaica 157Madagascar 177Malta 182Micronesia 189Oman 225Portugal 236

Yyak trekking

Afghanistan 10Kyrgyzstan 169

Zziplining

Belize 47Caribbean Islands 80Costa Rica 97Guatemala 130Laos 171Swaziland 268

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