Atlantic Ocean in Winter
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Atlantic Ocean in Winter Fig. 6-1a p.92
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Atlantic Ocean in Winter. Fig. 6-1a p.92. Fig. 6-2, p.94. Fig. 6-3, p.95. p.97. photosynthetic cells. upper epidermis. leaf vein. lower epidermis. a Zooming in on a photosynthetic cell. Fig. 6-6a, p.97. two outer membranes of chloroplasts. stroma. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Atlantic Ocean in Winter
Atlantic Ocean in Winter
Fig. 6-1a p.92
Fig. 6-2, p.94
Fig. 6-3, p.95
p.97
Fig. 6-6a, p.97
leaf vein lower epidermis
photosynthetic cellsupper epidermis
a Zooming in on aphotosynthetic cell.
Fig. 6-6b, p.97
two outer membranesof chloroplasts
stroma
thylakoidcompartment,cutaway view
part of thylakoid membranesystem bathed in stroma:
b Chloroplast structure. No matter how highly folded, its thylakoid membrane system forms a single, continuous compartment in the stroma.
Fig. 6-6c, p.97
sunlight H2O
light-dependentreactions
CO2
light-independent
reactions
O2
NADPH, ATP
CHLOROPLAST
CYTOPLASM
NADP+, ADP
sugars
c In chloroplasts, ATP and NADPH form in the light-dependent stage ofphotosynthesis, which occurs at the thylakoid membrane. The second stage,which produces sugars and other carbohydrates, proceeds in the stroma.
electron transfer chain
THYLAKOIDMEMBRANE
Fig. 6-8b, p.99
NADPH
THYLAKOIDCOMPARTMENT
STROMA
Photosystem IPhotosystem II
electron transfer chainlight energy light energy
oxygen(diffuses away)
Fig. 6-10, p.101
6CO2
12 PGA 12 ATP
12 ADP + 12 Pi
12 NADPH
12 NADP+
12 PGAL
phosphorylated glucose
1 Pi
10 PGAL
4 Pi
ATP
6 ADP
6 RuBP
Calvin-Bensoncycle6
f It takes six turns of theCalvin–Benson cycle (sixcarbon atoms) to produceone glucose molecule andregenerate six RuBP.
e Ten of the PGAL get phosphate groups from ATP. In terms of energy, this primes them for an uphillrun—for the endergonic synthesis reactions thatregenerate RuBP.
d The phosphorylatedglucose enters reactions that form carbohydrateproducts—mainly sucrose, starch, and cellulose.
a CO2 in air spaces inside aleaf diffuses into a photosyntheticcell. Six times, rubisco attaches acarbon atom from CO2 to the RuBPthat is the starting compound forthe Calvin–Benson cycle.
b Each PGA molecule getsa phosphate group from ATP, plus hydrogen and electronsfrom NADPH. The resultingintermediate is called PGAL.
c Two of the twelve PGALmolecules combine to forma molecule of glucose withan attached phosphate group.
Fig. 6-11, p.102
Fig. 6-12, p.103
Fig. 6-13, p.104
sunlight
Calvin-Benson cycle
Light-DependentReactions
end products (e.g., sucrose, starch, cellulose)
ATPLight-IndependentReactions
phosphorylated glucose
H2O
H2O O2
NADPHNADP+
CO2
ADP + Pi
p.104
p.105a
