Athletic InjuriesATC 222

Pharmacology, Drugs and Sports

Chapter 17

Legal Concerns

• Prescription

• Over-the-counter (OTC)

Internal Administration

• Inhalation

• intradermal

• intramuscular

• intranasal

• intraspinal

• intravenous

• oral

• rectal

• sublingual

General Categories

• analgesics

• anesthetics

• antipruritics

• antiseptic

• antitussives

• counter-irritants

• disinfectants

General Categories

• anti-emetics

• diuretics

• stimulants

• depressants

Drugs to fight infection

• Antiseptics

• Disinfectants

• Antifungals

• Antibiotics

Antiseptics/Disinfectants

• alcohol

• acids– acetic– boric

• halogens– chlorine, fluoride, iodine

Antifungals

• Tinactin (tolnaftate)

• Micatin

• Lotrimin

Antibiotics

• Penicillin

• Bacitracin

• Tetracycline

• Erythromycin

Pain Inhibitors

• Counter-irritants

• Anesthetics

• Analgesics

Counter-Irritants

• Action

• Examples– Spray coolants– Alcohol– Cold Application– Menthol

Anesthetics

• General anesthesia

• Local anesthesia

Analgesics

• Narcotic– Codeine, Morphine, Demerol, Darvon

• Non-Narcotic– acetaminophen– ibuprofen– acetylsalicylic acid

Anti-inflammatories

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)– acetylsalicylic acid– ibuprofen– Aleve (sodium naproxen)– Prescription drugs (Naprosyn, Lodine, Feldene)

• Corticosteroids– cortisone negative effects

Antipyretics

• Function– ibuprofen– acetaminophen– acetylsalicylic acid

Nasal Decongestants

• action– vasoconstriction

• examplespsuedoephedrine hcl (Sudafed)

Oxymetazoline (Afrin)

Antihistamines

• action– decreased histamine production

• examples– diphenhydramine HCl (Benadryl)– terfenadine (Seldane)– Chlorphenerimine (Chlor-Trimeton)

Antitussives

• OTC– dextromethorphan– diphenhydramine

• Antitussives vs. Expectorants

Steroids

• Side Effects– premature growth plate closure– acne– hirsutism– deepened voice– gynecomastia– baldness– libido changes

Steroids

• Side Effects Continued– aggression– decreased HDL’s, increases LDL’s– menstrual changes– liver tumors/cancer– CVD– hypertension

Substance Abuse

• Common Signals– personality/mood changes– change in friends– drop in grades– depression– weight loss– increased sleep, decreased eating– skin/clothing/breath smell

Substance Abuse

• Common Signals Continued– tardy/absent– defensive– decreased productivity– sleeps in class/work– financial problems

Miscellaneous

• DMSO

• Caffeine

• Alcohol