Athens and Sparta. Vocabulary City-State- A large independent city that controls the area...
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Transcript of Athens and Sparta. Vocabulary City-State- A large independent city that controls the area...
Vocabulary City-State- A large independent city that controls the area surrounding the
city
Oligarchy- Government run by a small group. Usually a government ran by the military
Democracy- A government where people vote on all major decisions
Ostracism- Voting to kick people out of the community
The Greek City-States Ancient Greece was not a united
country
The country was made up of a handful of independent city-states
City-States had similar cultures
Frequently fought with each other
Athens and Sparta were the most powerful City-States
Sparta Made up of a handful of villages on the Peloponnesian peninsula
An incredibly militaristic society
Reasons for Spartan militarism Early in its history Sparta conquered a number of surrounding villages
The survivors were taken back to Sparta as slaves
This meant there were more captured slaves in Sparta than actual Spartans
Spartans made a decision at this point to become completely militaristic in order to control slaves and protect themselves from other city-states
Spartan education and training At birth children were inspected by members of the government
If the children were considered week or sick they were left in the mountains (infanticide)
Boys were taken from their parents at age 7 and sent to live in military barracks
Spartan education cont Very basic education
Emphasis on obeying and serving Sparta
Daily military training, P.E., wrestling and boxing
Military Service Officially joined the military at age 20
Could be married at age 30 but the men still had to live in the military barracks
Released from military service at age 60
Spartan government Government is usually considered an oligarchy
Sparta had two kings who ran the army
A council of elders voted on issues
Assembly of men over 20 voted for Kings and small issues
Spartan isolation Spartans were not allowed to travel unless it was with the military
Outsiders were not allowed into Sparta
Spartans were discouraged from studying philosophy, music, or art
Athens Athens was the largest city in Greece
It was a trading port, there was constantly people coming and going, bringing new ideas
A very rich city
Athens education Education was highly valued in Athens
Boys were taught math, reading, writing, music, and P.E.
Taught at home by servants or slaves until they were 18
Athens Government For part of its history Athens was considered a democracy, the first
democracy in the world
Citizens elected 9 men who ran the city and army of the city
Large meetings were held where every male citizen could talk and vote
Every major decision was made by voting at these meetings
Citizens could vote to kick people they thought were dangerous out of the community, ostracism.
Women in Athens and Sparta Women in Athens were not educated, were not allowed out of the house
without a male guardian
Women in Sparta had an incredible amount of freedom and responsibility for an ancient society
This was due to the fact that the men were constantly fighting or living in the military barracks
Athens and Sparta A high level of mistrust and tension existed between Athens and Sparta
They briefly cooperated to fight the Persians, but mostly they disliked each other
Both cities wanted to be the most powerful cities in Greece
The Delian League After the last Persian war, Athens founded a defense alliance to prevent the
Persians from attacking again.
City-States paid money to Athens who built navies, armies, and forts for the Greeks
Athens also used the money to rebuild itself after the Persians had burned it.
Used the money to build the Parthenon
Delian league cont. Athens was growing very rich and powerful due to the league
Many city-states wanted to leave the alliance but Athens wouldn’t let them
Sparta was very afraid of how powerful Athens was becoming
The Peloponnesian War Several of Sparta’s allies convinced Sparta to go to war with Athens
Athens hid behind the huge defensive walls they had built and let Sparta burn and pillage the country-side
Athens navy raided the areas around Sparta burning and pillaging the country-side
The war lasted for 25 years, every major city-state in Greece became involved
The Plague Athens was extremely crowded with people who had fled the Spartans in
the countryside
A plague broke out in Athens killing approximately 1/3 the people
Eventually Sparta wins the war