Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the...
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![Page 1: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Athenian Democracy Definitions
![Page 2: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Archons
• Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre-Solon, Pentacosiomedimni Solon and top two social classes Kleisthenes, one of the 10 gave his name to the yeaar
![Page 3: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Areopagus
• The hill of Ares. A council made of ex-archons which met there.
• Ultimate authority law wise until Solon. • Would supervise the archons pre-Solon but
didn't have this role after him.
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Basileus Archon
• Religious archon, took care of religious law and cases of homicide.
![Page 5: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Boule
• A council, made of originally 400 members (100 from each of the 4 tribes) until Kleisthenes, where it turned to 500 members (50 from each of the 10 tribes).
• Chosen by lot, unpaid office, prepared measures before they were put to the ekklesia.
![Page 6: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Deme
• Local communities in Athens. Replaced kinship units and became Kleisthenes' basic reform.
• Maintained register of citizens over 18 years old. Not geographically or birth based.
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Demiourgoi
• Craftsmen class pre-Solon. Could vote but not hold archonship. Could become very wealthy.
![Page 8: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ecclesia
• Assembly of male citizens summoned as of right.
• Meetings usually summoned by the boule, held on the pynx.
• Each citizen could vote and speak, show of hands.
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Eponymous Archon
• Head archon, gave his name to the year.
![Page 10: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Eupatridae
• Nobles, top class pre-Solon and very much the minority.
• Owned all the land and held all the political power.
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Georgoi
• Small land farmers who found themselves in debt to larger land owners (eupatridae).
• Pre-Solon only.
![Page 12: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hippeis
• Solon's second census class. 300 measures of corn.
• Could afford to provide their own horse and armour.
• Could hold public offices except that of archon.
![Page 13: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Pentacosionmedimni
• Solon's top census class. • 500 measures of corn. • Had to supply the cost of liturgies.• Could hold position of archon and other
offices.
![Page 14: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Phylae
• The tribes. 4 blood based ones before Kleisthenes, 10 random ones after.
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Polemarch
• One of the archons appointed annually. • Originally military leader until 5th Century
BCE.
![Page 16: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Prytaneis
• Kleisthenes' time, each group of 50 from each tribe would act as president for 1/10th of the year.
• Had to organise ekklesia and boule meetings. • Each day one of the prytaneis was chosen to
be chairman and to hold the key of Athens per lot.
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Seisactheia
• "Shaking off of burdens," was the first act of Solon's reforms, cancelling debts and preventing debts ensured by personal freedom.
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Thetes
• Lowest class of people. • Pre-Solon hired help. • After Solon lowest class, anything less than
200 measures of corn.• Could attend ekklesia and became jurors in
helaea.
![Page 19: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Zeugites
• Pre-Solon, citizens of moderate means (farmers).
• Solon's third census class of 200 measures of corn.
• Kleisthenes could be archons.
![Page 20: Athenian Democracy Definitions. Archons Office-holders, 9 men and a secretary chosen annually by the ekklesia. Eupatridae pre- Solon, Pentacosiomedimni.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697bfe01a28abf838cb328e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Timocracy
• Social class system based on wealth opposed to being based on birth
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Oligarchy
• Ruling by the powerful few (aristocrats).
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Eumonia
• Solon's aim, a reign of good order for all, not just one particular class.
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Hektemoroi
• Indentured Serfs who gave 1/6th of their crop to who they were indebted to.
• Solon eradicated this class.
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Heliaea
• The Ekklesia when in judicial function to act as a court.
• Checked on powers of the Council of the Areopagus for appeals.
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Men of the Plain
• Lead by Lycurgus, wealthy farmers. Wanted oligarchy.
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Men of the Coast
• Lead by Megacles, middle classes. Didn't like power of the archons.
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Men of the Hill
• Lead by Peisistratus, poor farmers and urban dwellers. Wanted land and jobs.
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• 594 BCE• Year of Solon.
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• 546 BCE• Peisistratus takes power.
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• 508 BCE• Kleisthenes becomes leader of Athens.
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Oikos
• Family group, immediate family and smallest tribe unit pre-Kleisthenes.
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Genos
• Extended family, claimed decent from common ancestor.
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Ostracism
• The process of temporarily exiling a person in Athens to decapitate powerful factions and to prevent tyranny.
• A quorum was needed to be reached for the ostracism to occur. Names were written on ostarkon.