TITANICROYAL MAIL STEAMER

COLEGIUL ECONOMIC ARAD

LUCRARE PENTRU OBŢINEREA ATESTATULUI DE COMPETENŢĂ LINGVISTICĂ LA LIMBA ENGLEZĂ

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CONTENTS:

Chapter 1 Introduction

2 The construction of RMS – Titanic

3 Maiden voyage

4 Sinking

5 Final minutes and arrival of Carpathia in New York

6 Rediscovery of the Titanic

7 Legends and myths regarding Titanic

8 Titanic – the movie

9 Precise

10 Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

The RMS (Royal Mail Steamer) Titanic was an Oliympic-class passenger owned by British shipping company White Star Line and built at the Harland and Wolf shipyard in Belfast, Ireland. At the time of her construction, she was the largest passenger steamship in the world.

Shortly before midnight on 14 April 1912, four days into the ship's maiden voyage, Titanic hit an iceberg and sank two hours and forty-eight minutes later, early on 15 April 1912. The sinking resulted in the deaths of 1,517 of the 2,223 people on board, making it one of the deadliest peace time maritime disasters in history.

The Titanic was designed by some of the most experienced engineers, and used some of the most advanced technology available at the time. It was popularly believed to have been described as "unsinkable." It was a great shock to many that, despite the extensive safety features, the Titanic sank. The frenzy on the part of the media about Titanic's famous victims, the legends about the sinking, the resulting changes to maritime law, and the discovery of the wrek have contributed to the continuing interest in, and notoriety of, the Titanic.

Chapter 2 The construction of RMS – Titanic

Construction of RMS Titanic, funded by the American J.P. Morgan and his International Mercantile Marine, began on 31 March, 1909. Titanic's hull was launched on 31 May 1911, and her outfitting was completed by 31 March the following year. She was 269.1 m long and 28.0 m wide, with a gross register tonnage of 46,328 long tons and a height from the water line to the boat deck of 18 m.

The ship incorporated technologically advanced features for the period. She had three electric elevators in first class and one in the second class.

The most expensive one-way trans-Atlantic passage was $4,350 (which is more than $95,860 in 2008 dollars).

Chapter 3 Maiden voyage

The vessel began her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, bound for New York City, on 10 April 1912, with Captain Edward J. Smith in command.

On the maiden voyage of the Titanic some of the most prominent people of the day were travelling in first–class. Some of these included millionaire John Jacob IV and his wife Madeleine Force Astor.

Chapter 4 Sinking

On the night of Sunday, 14 April 1912, the temperature had dropped to near freezing and the ocean was calm. The moon was not visible and the sky was clear. Captain Smith, in response to iceberg warnings received via wireless over the preceding few days, altered the Titanic's course slightly to the south. Captain Smith, alerted by the jolt of the impact, arrived on the bridge and ordered a full stop. Shortly after midnight on 15 April, following an inspection by the ship's officers and Thomas Andrews, the lifeboats were ordered to be readied and a distress call was sent out.

Chapter 5Final minutes and arrival of Carpathia in New York

The first lifeboat launched was Lifeboat 7 on the starboard side with 28 people on board out of a capacity of 65.

Around 02:10, the stern rose out of the water exposing the propellers, and by 02:17 the waterline had reached the boat deck.

As the ship fell into the depths, the two sections behaved very differently. The streamlined bow planed off approximately feet 609 m below the surface and slowed somewhat, landing relatively gently. The stern plunged violently to the ocean floor, the hull being torn apart along the way from massive implosions caused by compression of the air still trapped inside. The stern smashed into the bottom at considerable speed, grinding the hull deep into the silt.

The RMS Carpathia arrived in the area and at 04:10 began rescuing survivors. By 08:30 she picked up the last lifeboat with survivors and left the area at 08:50 bound for New York.

Of a total of 2,223 people aboard the Titanic only 706 survived the disaster and 1,517 perished. The majority of deaths were caused by hypothermia in the 28 °F (−2 °C) water. At this water temperature, death could be expected in less than 15 minutes. Men and members of the 2nd and 3rd class were less likely to survive. Of male passengers in second class, 92 percent perished. Less than half of third-class passengers survived.

Chapter 6 Rediscovery of the Titanic

On 15 April 2012, the 100th anniversary of the sinking of Titanic is planned to be commemorated around the world. By that date, the Titanic Quarter in Belfast is planned to have been completed. The area will be regenerated and a signature memorial project unveiled to celebrate Titanic and her links with Belfast, the city that had built the ship.

It was found at a depth of (4 km), slightly more than 600 km south-east of Mistaken Point 21 km from fourth officer Joseph Boxhall’s last position reading where Titanic was originally thought to rest.

Further damage was caused by the sudden impact of hitting the seabed; with little structural integrity left, the decks collapsed as the stern hit.

Surrounding the wreck is a large debris field with pieces of the ship, furniture, dinnerware and personal items scattered over one square mile (2.6 km²). Softer materials, like wood, carpet and human remains were devoured by undersea organisms.

Approximately 6,000 artifacts have been removed from the wreck. Many of these were put on display at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, England, and later as part of a travelling museum exhibit.

Chapter 7 Legends and myths regarding Titanic Contrary to popular mythology, the Titanic was never described as "unsinkable", without qualification, until after she sank. There are three trade publications (one of which was probably never published) that describe the Titanic as unsinkable, prior to her sinking, but there is no evidence that the notion of the Titanic's unsinkability had entered public consciousness until after the sinking.

The rumored ship number of the Titanic was 390904, which spells "no pope" backwards. When Titanic sank, claims were made that a curse existed on the ship. The press quickly linked the "Titanic curse" with the White Star Line.

Chapter 8 Titanic – The movieThese days, the word Titanic immediately conjures up images of the starry-eyed Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet passionately embracing as they lean precariously over the bow of the ship, with the wind in their sprightly young faces and the world at their feet.

Jack Dawson (Leonardo Di Caprio) is a young boy who wins passage to America aboard the Titanic in a lucky game of poker (upon boarding the ship, Jack tells to his friend that they are "the luckiest sons of bitches in the world"). Rose DeWitt Bukater (Kate Winslet) is travelling to America, to be married to Cal Hockley (Billy Zane), a situation she is not thrilled about. Sparks fly when Dawson manages to talk Rose out of jumping overboard, but tragedy awaits as the unsinkable ship hits and iceberg and begins to flounder.In the movie, this story is presented to the audience as a flashback. The narrator is Rose, 101 years old, with the last name Dawson. She tells the story to a treasure hunter (Bill Paxton), who is looking for the famous (and valuable) Heart of the Ocean, a diamond that was given to Rose by her fiance, Hockley.

PRECISEIn 1912, the Titanic, a steamship in England's White

Star Line, set out on its doomed maiden voyage, with 2,223 enthusiastic passengers and crew members on board for the history-making trip from Southampton, England, to New York City. Only 705 would survive the ship's collision with a massive iceberg.

The "unsinkable" ocean liner hit an iceberg late in the evening on April 14 and sunk in the early hours of April 15.The Titanic was designed to hold 32 lifeboats, though only 20 were on board; White Star management was concerned that too many boats would sully the aesthetic beauty of the ship.

Wilson, Timothy (1986). "Flags of British Ships other than the Royal Navy". Flags at Sea. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 34..

Beveridge, Bruce; Hall, Steve (2004). "Ismay's Titans". Olympic & Titanic. West Conshohocken, PA: Infinity. p. 1.

Chirnside, Mark (2004). The Olympic-Class Ships. Stroud, England: Tempus. p. 43. Richard Howells, The Myth of the Titanic,

Moss, Michael S (2004). Oxford Dictionary National Biography. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

Bullock, Shan F. (1912). Shipbuilder. Dublin: Maunsel and Co.

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