Atensident and consiquency of nicotine dependent
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Transcript of Atensident and consiquency of nicotine dependent
Antecedents and Consequences of
Nicotine Dependence and
Readiness to Quit among Students
Smokers of Allied Health Programs
in the Philippines
“Smoking is the perfect
way to commit suicide without actually dying”
• Damien Hirst
INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY
• Cigarette smoking is a major factor that predisposes people to
most health related illnesses today. And other problem relating
to social acceptance, religion and more.
RESEARCH DISCUSSION
The research aims to discuss the process of data collection, research questionnaire used,
data collected, and the result findings
Theoretical FrameworkDorothy Johnson’s Behavioral Systems Theory.
Giving of efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the patient to prevent illness. The subsystem are interrelated and if one is
altered the others will be altered
Albert Bandura’s Self-Efficacy theory.While the Self-Efficacy theory explains the
change of human behaviorFocuses on:
perception of their ability to reach a goalhuman motivation
LITERATURE REVIEW
Age Religion
Socioeconomic
Nicotine dependence
Health related quality of life
Problem Statement/Variable Discussion
AGE Age was used to determine if there is any relationship of nicotine dependency.
RELIGION
Religiously active persons are less likely to smoke cigarettes, and if they do smoke, smoke fewer cigarettes. Given that smokers who are less religious have the higher dependency compared to religious active people.
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
NO POCKET MONEY
In a study it was observed that socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers find quitting more difficult, possible because lack of support for quit attempts, greater addiction to tobacco, less motivation to quit and less compliance to treatment (Hiscock, R.)
NICOTINE DEPENDENCE
The heaviness of smoking can be considered the degree to which
an individual is attached to cigarette smoking
HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE
The health benefits of smoking cessation include a reduction of the risk of lung and other cancers, heart attack, stroke, and chronic lung disease.
HRQoL
HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY We believe that there will be a differences in demography related to nicotine dependence
and readiness to quit
We believe that there is impact of nicotine dependency to health related quality of life
That there is a possible impact of readiness to quit to health related quality of life
Research Simulacrum Research Simulacrum
Research design
• The design used for the research was a quantitative approach, and
Descriptive Correlation. This design uses the dependent variables and
independent variables to find a significant relationship of the data.
This was done by self-evaluation through the use of questionnaires for
the correspondent to provide information about their habit of
smoking, and dependent to nicotine to health related quality of life.
Research Locale
Research Population
Snowball Sampling
Involve two main
step
Identify a key
individuals
ask them to help you identify the
individuals that fit the trait of the
desire sample, or simply directing you
to them
Research Ethics
Research Instrument
THE QUESTIONNAIRE IS DIVIDED INTO 4 SETS;
1. DEMOGRAPHIC
QUESTIONNAIRE
2. QUIT LADDER
3.EUROPEAN QUESTIONNAIRE, 5-
DIVISION AND 5-LEVEL ( EQ-5D-5L)
Current smoking quitting smoking, and Have already
quit smokinmg
4.FAGERSTROM TEST
FOR NICOTINE DEPENDENCE
Demography profile
age,
gender,
religion, socio
economic status,
and education
attainment.
(Demographic) Currently smoking.
Ask how long the participant
has been smoking,
how many sticks they
smoke per day,
how soon after they wake they
smoke.
(Demographic) have already quit smoking
• how long they have quit smoking.• It will ask if they are tempted to start again
Quit Ladder
The Readiness to Quit Ladder is a 1-10 scale that provides
statements or thoughts that the smoker may be having to indicate
their readiness to quit tobacco smoking.
EQ-5D-5L.
• mobility, • self-care, • usual activities, • pain/ discomfort, and• anxiety/ depression.
Comprises of 5
Dimensions; •no, •slight, •moderate, •severe, and •unable or extreme. Within these
dimensions there are 5
levels which includes
This instrument is used for the individual to rate his health on the current day. The second part of the tool is a scale of 0-100
with
FAGERSTROM TEST FOR NICOTINE DEPENDENCE
Used to score the dependent of smoking per day by quantity, onset and habit of smoking
3.6 Data collection
Data AnalysisThe data was analyzed using
T-test used to describe two variables
Variance Anova used to compel variable that are categories
Pearson’s Correlation used to show relationship of variables of scales
THE RESULT
Demographic profile of the respondents (n=262)
Table one present the demographic profile of the respondents. Majority of the respondents are 19- 21 years old, male middle class, Roman catholic and in the undergraduate level
4.1
Categorical Variables f %Age interval
19-21 130 49.622-24 73 27.925-27 43 16.428-30 11 4.231yrs and older 5 1.9
Genderfemale 82 31.3male 180 68.7
ReligionAgnostic 1 0.4Atheist 5 1.9Buddhist 1 0.4Muslim 12 4.6Hindu 15 5.7Christian 52 19.8
Catholic 159 60.7Methodist 1 0.4Iglesia Ni Cristo 15 5.7Protestant 1 0.4
Socio-economicHigh 8 3.1Low 7 2.7Middle 131 50No Response 116 44.3
Educational AttainmentUndergrad 171 65.2Grad School 45 17.2no response 46 17.6
Nicotine Dependency, Intention To Quit And Health Related Quality Of Life
Table 2 present the mean score of the participants’ nicotine dependency which is low to moderate, readiness to quit which is 7 meaning a plan to quit in 30 days, and health related quality of life which is no problems in all five dimensions.
4.2
CONTINUOUS VARIABLES MEAN SD Variable Interpretation
Nicotine Dependency 3.02 2.12 A score of 3 means low-moderate dependent to nicotine
Readiness (quit ladder) 6.82 2.08 A score of 6 means there is a plan to quit in the next 6 months. A score of 7 means there is a plane to quit in the next 30 days
Mobility 1.18 0.46 No problem
Self-Care1.16 0.53 No problem
Usual Activities1.27 0.61 No problem
Pain/ Discomfort1.31 0.58 No problem
Anxiety/ Depression1.46 0.82 No problem
Demographic Differences On Nicotine Dependency
Table 3 shows that there is no significant difference exist in the nicotine dependency of the respondents when grouped according to age, religion, social class, and educational attainment. However, a significant difference exist when respondents are group according to SEX
4.3
Demographic Vs Readiness To Quit Mean(sd) Test
Statistic P-value Interpretation
Age Interval(n=257)19-21yrs 2.99(2.06)
F=0.414 0.743 No Difference22-24yrs 2.93(2.06)25-27yrs 3.21(2.26)28-30yrs 2.45(2.16)
Gender(n=262)Female 3.4(2.21) T=1.989 0.048 With DifferenceMale 2.84(2.06)
Religion(n=258)Roman Catholic 3.04(2.05)
F=0.35 0.93 No Difference
Muslim 3.17(2.29)Christian 2.81(2.13)Hinduism 2.87(2.39)Iglesha Ni Cristo 3.33(2.41)Atheist 3.6(2.70)
Socio-economic Status(n=146)
Low 2.14(1.46)
F=0.498 0.609 No DifferenceMiddle 2.85(2.06
)High 3.13(1.81
)Educational Attainment (N=215)
Undergrad 3.15(2.20) T=0.948 0.344 No
DifferenceGrad School 2.67(2.06)
*Significant At 0.05
Demographic Difference On Readiness To Quit
There is no significant differences between demographic differences on readiness to quit related to Age, Gender, Socioeconomic Status, And Educational Attainment. But there is a significant relationship of religion to readiness to quit (p=0.046).
4.4
Demographic vs readiness to quit mean(SD) test
statisticp-
valueInterpretati
onage interval(n=257)
19-21yrs 7.08(2.09)F=1.312 0.271 no difference22-24yrs 6.60(2.08)
25-27yrs 6.70(2.09)28-30yrs 6.18(1.89)
gender(n=262)female 6.91(2.06) t=0.473 0.637 no differencemale 6.78(2.10)
religion(n=260)Roman catholic 6.92(1.91)
F=2.083* 0.046 with difference
Muslim 6.67(2.54)Christian 6.96(2.260Hinduism 7.0(1.69)
INC6.139(2.450
)Atheist 6.2(2.07)
Socio-economic Status(n=146)
Low 7.29(1.70)F=0.34
5 0.709 No Difference
Middle 6.91(1.91)
High 7.38(1.69)Educational Attainment (N=215)
Undergraduate 6.81(2.12) T=o.143 0.886 No
DifferenceGraduate School 6.82(1.74)
*Significant At 0.05
Impact of nicotine dependency to health related quality of life (HRQoL)
Table 5 present that there is significant association between the nicotine dependency and health related quality of life namely, mobility, self care and pain/discomfort,
Impact of Nicotine Dependency to Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)
Quality Of Life R (Pearson Correlation )
P-value Interpretation
Mobility 0.141* 0.022 Significant( Weak Positive)
Self-care 0.152* 0.014 Significant(weak Positive)
Usual Activities 0.05 0.423 Not Significant
Pain/Discomfort 0.145* 0.019 Significant(weak Positive)
Anxiety/Depression 0.094 0.128 Not Significant
* Correlation Is Significant At The 0.05 Level
Impact Of Readiness To Quit To Health Related Quality Of Life (HRQoL)
• Table 6, shows that there’s a weak negative association between the readiness to quit smoking and level of pain/discomfort, and between readiness to quit smoking and anxiety or depression which are both statistically significant.
• However, weak negative but not statistically were observed between readiness to quit smoking and mobility, self-care, and usual activities.
Quality of Life r p-value Interpretation
Mobility -0.059 0.338 not significant
Self-care -0.059 0.344 not significant
Usual activities -0.099 0.110 not significant
Pain/Discomfort -.146* 0.018 significant (weak negative association)
Anxiety/Depression -0.247* 0.000 significant (weak negative association)
* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level
Impact of Readiness to Quit to Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)
Demographic differences on Nicotine Dependency shows females are more dependence
Demographic differences on Readiness to Quit shows Hindus are more ready to quit
The impact of Nicotine Dependence on Health Related Quality of Life shows a significant inverse relationship with mobility, self-care, and pain/discomfort
The impact of Readiness to Quit on Health Related Quality of Life shows an inverse relationship with pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression
Conclusion
Each of us should think of the future. Every puff on a cigarette is another tick closer to a time
bomb of terrible consequences.