• At what point do individuals of the United At what point do individuals of the United States lose the right to freedom of States lose the right to freedom of speech? What do you think is the limit to speech? What do you think is the limit to free speech in the U.S.? Have you ever free speech in the U.S.? Have you ever listened to someone who was disrespectful listened to someone who was disrespectful to groups of people? to groups of people? Look through you text Look through you text and chapter 20 to find pictures of groups and chapter 20 to find pictures of groups you think may abuse freedom of speech. you think may abuse freedom of speech. Share with the class what you find.Share with the class what you find.

• How would you react if you encountered someone with views that differ from your own?

• How are people with unpopular views often treated?

Chapter 20

Section 1

• Many Americans become fearful of foreign immigrants

• Nativism- Favoring the interest of native-born individuals over foreign born

• Isolationism- pulling away from involvement in world affairs

Fear of Communism• Communism- an economic and political

system based on a single-party government ruled by a dictatorship

• Communists overthrew the Czar in Russia

- Vladimir Lenin (leader)

- Bolshevik Party

- Waved a symbolic RED flag

A prelude to the RED SCARE

Game

1. Everyone gets a piece of paper. Some have red dots others do not.

2. Look at your paper and hide it not showing others whether you are “dotted” or not.

3. Object is to form groups of people without containing an individual with a red dot.

4. Largest group of people without a red dotted person wins

5. If you suspect an individual of having a red dot you may mark them

Results

• Who became marked as having a red dot? Why?

• How did you feel when you were marked?

• Could you tell whether someone was dotted or not?

• Did you feel discriminated against because someone thought you were red dotted?

• Communist party formed in the U.S.

-70,000 radicals join

• Several dozen bombs were mailed to government agencies

- Public feared communist

were taking over

• U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer combated the “RED SCARE”

• J. Edgar Hoover as assistant

• Hunted down Communist, Socialist, and Anarchist

• Hundreds of immigrants were deported without reason

SACCO AND VANZETTISACCO AND VANZETTI

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo VanzettiVanzetti

- Italian immigrants and - Italian immigrants and AnarchistAnarchist

- Evaded the draft during WWI- Evaded the draft during WWI May 1920 -arrested for murderMay 1920 -arrested for murder

- Died by electric chair- Died by electric chair

(August 23, 1927)(August 23, 1927)

Sacco and VanzettiSacco and Vanzetti

Do you think that this court case ended with justice being served or do you think a tragedy occurred to the U.S. Justice System?

1919-1921 number of immigrants 1919-1921 number of immigrants had increased by 600 percenthad increased by 600 percent

Emergency Quota Act of 1921- Emergency Quota Act of 1921- Established the max amount of Established the max amount of people who could enter the U.S. people who could enter the U.S. from individual countries from individual countries

The law prohibited Japanese The law prohibited Japanese immigrationimmigration

-Causes ill feelings from Japan-Causes ill feelings from Japan

Klu Klux Klan Resulting from the Red Scare the Klan

promotes discrimination The KKK claimed “100% Americanism”

- 1924 membership reached 4.5 million The Klan dominated politics until criminal

activity led to a decrease in power

Labor Unrest

• AFL – American Federation of Labor did not tolerate strikes

• 1919- 3,000 strikes• Strikers claimed to

be Communist planning a revolution

QUESTION

Boston Police Strike

• When representatives were refused raises they went on strike

• Calvin Coolidge replaced members of the police force with new workers

The Steel Mill Strike

• Wanted shorter work hours, a living wage, and union recognition

• 300,000 workers walked out Sept. 1919

• Strikers were beaten by police, federal troops, and militias

Coal Miners Strike

• United Mine Workers of America- new leader John L. Lewis

• Attorney General Palmer obtained a court order sending the miners back to work

• received a 27% pay increase

Labor Movement Declines

• Immigrants willing to work in poor conditions

• Immigrants had multiple languages- hard to organize under a union

• Farmers migrating to the city were independent

• Most unions excluded African Americans