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CHAPTER 2BASIC HOUSE DESIGNS

AT – 201

Introduction to Architecture

Dan Trent

August 28, 2015

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OBJECTIVES

Identify four basic house designs Explain the advantages of each house

design Recognize the disadvantages of each

house design Explain the variations of split level

designs

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KEY TERMS

Attic Basement Crawl Space Daylight Basement Dormer Footprint Habitable Space Intermediate Level Living Level One-and-One-Half

Story One-Story Ranch Shotgun House Slab Construction Sleeping Level Split Entry Split-Level Square Foot Two-Story Walkout Basement

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One-Story Designs

All regular living space is on one level Built over a

Slab – walls rest on a foundation with a concrete floor at ground level

Crawl Space – An area of less than full height, located at or below ground level. Used for maintenance and storage

Basement – full height area located fully or partially below ground level. Used for utilities, storage or extra living space

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One story RANCH design

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One-Story Designs

Advantages All living space is on one level Opportunities for indoor/outdoor living

Patio Porch Terrace Opportunities for indoor/outdoor living

Windows along perimeter walls bring outdoor surroundings inside making interiors appear larger

Lends itself easily to expansion and remodeling

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One-Story Designs

Disadvantages Costs more to build than similar houses with

the same square footage Larger lot Additional roof area Longer foundation

Large footprint requires a large lot on which to build Footprint = the area of land occupied by the

building

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One-Story Designs

Shotgun house Traditional style from southern states Long rectangular plan in which all rooms are

in line and directly connect to one other from the front to the back of the house

Name comes from the idea that if you were to fire a gun through the front door, the bullet would travel straight through all the rooms and exit the back door

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One-and-One-Half Story

One story design with a tall, wide roof that allows for expansion of living space into the attic Attic = the space between the ceiling and the roof

of a structure

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One-and-One-Half Story

Dormers are projecting structures on a roof that have walls, a front-facing window and a roof

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One-and-One-Half Story

The amount of habitable space into the attic is determined by the width and height of the house Habitable Space = the total living area in a

building

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ADVANTAGES

Enhances the look of the exterior Provides light and additional useable space in the attic

area Occupies less ground than a one story house that has

the same living space Versatile – Can be adapted to various styles Flexible – Can be built with attic unfinished deferring

cost until the space is needed

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DISADVANTAGES

Additional building costs (stairs, dormers, more complicated roofs)

Less mobility (stairs) Low ceilings (head room) along perimeter Limited window space on second level More difficult maintenance due to additional height

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TWO-STORY DESIGN

Two story house has two full levels of living space

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TWO-STORY DESIGN

Advantages Smaller “footprint” with the same amount of

living space More economical to build (2 floors, one roof) Privacy – bedrooms usually upstairs away from

living space Lower heating/cooling costs More economical to build

2 floors, one roof plumbing and wiring “bundled” Some components can be centrally located

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TWO-STORY DESIGN

DisadvantagesStairsDifficult exterior maintenance (gutters,

painting)

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SPLIT LEVEL DESIGN

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SPLIT-LEVEL DESIGN

As the name suggests, is a multi-level house that solves the problem of a sloping or hilly lot by shifting floor levels to accommodate the site “split” into multiple levels

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SPLIT-LEVEL DESIGN

Advantages Little or no hall space required Minimal excavation of site reduces building

cost

Disadvantages There may be heating/cooling challenges Stairs

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Four-level split design

4 Levels of usable space Basement

Daylight basement = similar to regular basement except that the topography allows the placement of windows on an exterior wall

Walkout basement = similar, but has an entry that provides access to the outdoors (basement level garage)

Intermediate level = the level above the garage (recreation area, garage, family room, etc.)

Living level = above intermediate level (kitchen, dining room , living room, bathroom, etc.)

Sleeping level = Highest level. Bedrooms, bathrooms

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Three-level split design

3 Levels of usable space – no basement level Intermediate level = the lowest level

(recreation area, garage, family room, laundry, etc.)

Living level = above intermediate level (kitchen, dining room , living room, bathroom, etc.)

Sleeping level = Highest level. Bedrooms, bathrooms

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Split entry design

2 Levels of usable space separated by the entrances foyer stairway The main living area is on the top floor, and a

secondary living area or basement is on the lower level.

Essentially a one story house with a raised basement

Also known as a bi-level or raised ranch

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SPLIT-LEVEL LAYOUTS

There are three variations Side by side Front to back Back to front

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INTERNET RESOURCES

www.OwensCorning.com Building materials, composite, sustainability, d

www.gp.com/build/index.html Products, sustainability, products, safety,

where to buy, resources (products = PLYTANIUM, resources = DOGHOUSE)

www.reynoldsbp.com Roof shingles, bay windows, patios/decks

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QUESTIONS (for YOU)

List 4 basic residential house designs Identify 5 advantages of the ranch style

house List 5 disadvantages of the ranch style

house A one-and-one-half story house can be

recognized by its _________ ___________ , which often has ___________ to allow light into the attic

Traffic circulation must be planned for maximum efficiency of ______________

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QUESTIONS?

Thank you for your attention!