Astronomy Magazine Article Title Index10 rising stars of astronomy, 8:60–8:631.5 million galaxies revealed, 3:41–3:43185 million years before the dinosaurs’ demise, did an asteroid nearly end life on Earth?, 4:34–4:39

AAligned aurorae, 8:27All about the Veil Nebula, 6:56–6:61Amateur astronomy’s greatest generation, 8:68–8:71Amateurs see fireballs from U.S. satellite kill, 7:24Another Earth, 6:13Another super-Earth discovered, 9:21Antares gang, The, 7:18Antimatter traced, 5:23Are big-planet systems uncommon?, 10:23Are super-sized Earths the new frontier?, 11:26–11:31Are these space rocks from Mercury?, 11:32–11:37Are we done yet?, 4:14Are we looking for life in the right places?, 7:28–7:33Ask the aliens, 3:12Asteroid sleuths find the dino killer, 1:20Astro-humiliation, 10:14Astroimaging over ancient Greece, 12:64–12:69Astronaut rescue rocket revs up, 11:22Astronomers spy a giant particle accelerator in the sky, 5:21Astronomers unearth a star’s death secrets, 10:18Astronomers witness alien star flip-out, 6:27Astronomy magazine’s first 35 years, 8:supplementAstronomy’s guide to Go-to telescopes, 10:supplementAuroral storm trigger confirmed, 11:18

BBackstage at Astronomy, 8:76–8:82Basking in the Sun, 5:16Biggest planet’s 5 deepest mysteries, The, 1:38–1:43Binary pulsar test affirms relativity, 10:21Binocular Telescope snaps first image, 6:21Black hole sets a record, 2:20Black holes wind up galaxy arms, 9:19Brightest starburst galaxy discovered, 12:23

CCalling all space probes, 10:64–10:65Calling on Cassiopeia, 11:76Canada to launch new asteroid hunter, 11:19Canada’s handy robot, 1:24Cannibal next door, The, 3:38Capture images of our local star, 4:66–4:67Cassini confirms Titan lakes, 12:27

Cassini scopes Saturn’s two-toned moon, 1:25Cassini “tastes” Enceladus’ plumes, 7:26Cepheus’ fall delights, 10:85Choose the dome that’s right for you, 5:70–5:71Clearing the air about seeing vs. transparency, 11:75Cluster crash-up reveals dark matter, 12:26Comet Hale-Bopp still going strong, 7:25Coming solar superstorm, The, 9:34–9:39Cool blue to hot stars, 10:12–10:13Cool stuff for a hot ride, 9:20Could changing channels tune into alien civilizations?, 5:38–5:43Crystal Palace, A, 1:16–1:17Cygnus Arm flexes its muscle, 9:68

DDark reserve, 1:25Darkest sky under the stars, The, 2:64–2:65Day the Sun crawled, The, 11:14–11:15“Death star” blasts neighboring galaxy, 4:23Defect or discovery?, 12:18–12:19Did ancient astronomers build Stonehenge?, 7:52–7:57Did molecules from space seed life in the cosmos?, 4:50–4:55Discover 10 top Milky Way delights, 9:60–9:63Distant galaxy gets a weigh-in, 1:26Distant gamma-ray burst sets a record, 5:20Do cosmic flashes reveal secrets of the infant universe?, 6:34–6:39Dogging Apophis, 6:25

EEarth flybys reveal mystery speed change, 6:20Earth impacts at a glance, 1:60–1:61Earth through alien eyes, 5:23Earth-forming stars are common in the Milky Way, 6:18Earth’s troubled adolescence, 5:32–5:37Easy imaging with the DSI III, 9:64–9:65Enceladus jets form deep in fractures, 12:23Encyclopedia galactica, 3:45–3:51Entire Moon is within reach, 10:26Europe’s space revolution, 9:28–9:33Explore Jupiter’s moons, 2:56–2:57Explore the southern Milky Way’s dark clouds, 9:54–9:57Exploring a Messier line-up, 8:18Exploring galaxy evolution, 3:16Exploring Iapetus’ dark side, 3:60–3:63Eyepiece ABCs, 1:78Eyewitness to Apollo 8: A personal memoir, 12:20

FFind your way through the summer sky, 7:70–7:71First light for Palomar’s new optics, 1:26

Found: the solar system’s oldest rocks, 7:25

GGalactic mergers in cyberspace, 3:30–3:31Galactic mistaken identity corrected, 10:20Galaxies on fire, 3:64–3:69Get a head start on the Hydra, 4:18Get ready for summer’s total solar eclipse, 7:66–7:69Giant stars may have little helpers, 6:24GLOBE at Night 2008, 8:27Going the distance, 1:25Google me to the Moon, 6:25Great quasar round-up, The, 3:20

HHarmony arrives at space station, 2:17Hide-and-seek galaxy surprises astronomers, 4:23High-tech skin keeps satellites cool, 12:28Hinode captures solar “fountains”, 8:27How astronomers cracked the Einstein code, 9:22–9:27How comets shaped history, 2:23–2:27How historic observatories will survive, 4:62–4:63How life could thrive on hostile worlds, 12:54–12:59How scientists discovered a solar system “superhighway”/nl, 11:38–11:43How the Milky Way devours its neighbors, 3:34–3:39How the Sun will die, 12:38–12:43How to find a Space Needle in a haystack, 4:20–4:21How to observe artificial satellites, 6:74How to observe dark nebulae, 5:64–5:67How to observe the Sun, 4:64–4:65How to shoot stars with a webcam, 11:68–11:71How to take a black hole’s temperature, 12:24How we junked up outer space, 6:40–6:43How we’ll fix Hubble, 10:28–10:33Hubble captures little spot’s demise, 11:22Hubble finds most distant galaxies yet, 11:19Hubble gazes at red alien sunsets and “star spots”, 4:22Hubble identifies exoplanet’s methane, 6:22Hubble identifies weird “blue blobs”, 5:22Hubble images interstellar ribbon, 10:24Hubble peers into a Milky Way starburst, 2:16Hubble spies Comet Holmes’ heart, 3:18Hubble uncovers white-dwarf age paradox, 10:20Hubble’s rising odometer, 12:28

IIAU names a new plutoid, 11:16India goes to the Moon, 8:26Inside Arizona’s meteorite treasure chest, 10:80–10:82Inside Earth’s magnetic shield, 11:52–11:53

Inside NASA’s Deep Space Network, 5:56–5:61Intense storm triggers Saturn lightning, 8:22Internal heat drives Jupiter’s weather, 5:21Is Eta Carinae the brightest star of all?, 11:24Is there a rover in Hebes Chasma’s future?, 8:24Is there an end to cosmology?, 8:28–8:29It’s a Wonderful Star, 12:76

JJourney to the heart of the Milky Way, 2:28–2:33Jupiter’s new spot, 9:14

KKing’s astronomer, The, 8:16

LLife and death of super suns, The, 7:34–7:39Little meteors pack a big punch, 5:24Longer-lived oceans on Venus?, 1:27Lunar crater is older and possibly icier, 12:24

MMagic canvas, The, 9:11Marinating the news, 7:14Mars: colder and stiffer inside, 9:20Mars’ dynamic, icy past, 9:18Mars Express sees martian “landfill”, 2:17Mars likely had water, 4:26Mars shows its shady side, 5:24Martian probe witnesses avalanches, 6:16Master the art of wide-field imaging, 6:66–6:69Meade’s LX90-ACF eliminates coma, 12:70–12:71Meade’s mySKY teaches you the stars, 2:66–2:67Meet the colorful Gemini twins, 2:70Meet the cosmic Cheshire Cat, 10:25Mercury reveals its hidden side, 5:26–5:31Merging galaxies come closer to home, 9:16MESSENGER reveals Mercury’s volcanic past, 10:22Meteors rock Phobos, 9:48–9:49Milky Way disarmed, 9:21Milky Way’s youngest supernova, The, 9:18Moon clock, 5:23Moon had water--lots of it, 10:24MRO finds new signs of a wet early Mars, 11:16

NNaked-eye denizens of the galactic deep, 9:12–9:13NASA budget woes spare Spirit rover, 6:22NASA’s lunar sandbox, 6:25NASA’s new gamma-ray eye in the sky, 6:20

NASA’S Phoenix digs Mars, 9:50–9:53New findings help explain two-faced Mars, 10:21New greenhouse solution keeps early Earth warm, 10:26New ocean eye in orbit, 10:26New periodic comet found, 1:23New pictures from old plates, 1:70–1:73New radio telescope opens for business, 1:26New space molecule, 7:25New spin on Moon’s birth, 2:18New Spitzer mosaic unveils galaxy’s heart, 9:14New technique peers into dark space clouds, 6:25North Korea’s phantom space program, 2:20Northern sky’s top 10 galaxies, The, 11:58–11:61NTT refines distance to key yardstick stars, 6:23

OObserve celestial odd couples, 1:64–1:67Observe winter’s forgotten star clusters, 2:60–2:63Observing the way it was meant to be, 7:62–7:65Obsession’s new 18-inch scope, 4:68–4:69Omega Centauri harbors a black hole, 7:22On the trail of hydrogen’s heavy sibling, 2:34–2:39Orion capsule prepared for short test flights, 7:23Orion’s new binocular telescope tested, 3:72–3:73Orion’s phantom loop, part 1, 2:14–2:15Orion’s phantom loop, part 2, 3:14–3:15Other dimensions, 2:12Our galaxy’s date with destruction, 6:28–6:33

PPeruse the Water Snake’s other half, 5:74Phoenix powers down, 5:22Piece of π, A, 11:12Pit and the Pendulum, The, 10:16–10:17Pitch from space, A, 8:27Plenty of nothing, 12:16Pulsar push, 1:25

QQuark nova explains record-breaking blasts, 9:20Quest for the first galaxies, 3:22–3:27

RRadar maps Moon’s south pole in detail, 6:19Readers report, 6:14–6:15Reap the awards of amateur astronomy, 4:16Recipe for a great comet, 2:25Remembering 2007’s comet double feature, 5:18–5:19Riding fireballs, 9:16Ringed planet may have ringed moon, 6:27

Rocket pad for rent, 12:28Rotating radio star mystery solved, 4:26Runaway star is not from our neighborhood, 6:25

SSaturn revolution, 10:34–10:39Saturn’s rings carry extra weight, 1:22Scientists unearth ancient impact’s secrets, 12:32–12:37SDSS III begins, 12:28Searching for the shape of the universe, 4:28–4:33Seasons change on Neptune, 1:24See double tonight, 3:74See the final shuttle fireball, 10:22See the red star round-up, 10:84SELENE beams back lunar HDTV, 7:26Servicing Hubble, 5:23Sharpest snapshots ever of Pluto’s tiny moons, 2:21Shortlist for TMT site announced, 9:20Shuttle legacy, 10:26Signposts of the sky, 7:16Six-wheelin’ with NASA’s Moon truck, 7:27Sky testing Orion’s 102mm f/7 ED, 10:78–10:79Small galaxies weigh plenty, 8:25Soap bubbles hint at stormy processes, 8:22Space Age anniversary, 1:25Space station robot helpmate goes to work, 6:25Space-bound robot dives under icy Wisconsin lake, 6:23Spitzer finds organic-free zone in Pinwheel Galaxy, 11:23Spitzer snaps dusty family portrait, 12:20Spitzer witnesses cosmic ice storm, 1:27Spot spring’s 11 best globular clusters, 4:58–4:61Spots and flares mapped on Sun-like star, 4:25Staring contest, 8:14Stars born in the boondocks, 8:23Stars form in a galaxy’s “tail”, 1:27Stars found ripe to make planets, 1:22Stars on the Sun, 9:36Studies reveal stony asteroid surprise, 6:24Study explains meteorite origins, 12:20Sure bet for observing fun, A, 9:67Surf the skies, 2:68Surprises from Comet Wild 2, 5:23Swim the southern sea, 12:14–12:15

TTake a small tour of the Big Dog, 3:76Take the Soyuz tour, 11:19Taking Venus by storm, 10:66–10:71Tele Vue’s new eyepiece field tested, 5:68–5:69Through alien eyes, 11:19

Titan may sport a subsurface sea, 6:22Top 10 discoveries of the last 35 years, 8:36–8:43Top 10 space stories of 2007, 1:28–1:37Tour the sky with a small scope, 6:71Tour two more clusters in Taurus, 1:80Transform telescope trash into treasure, 5:72Twelve months of strangeness, 1:14Twin stars show surprising differences, 10:26

UUncommon Moon, 3:18U.S. return to the Moon begins, The, 11:20

VVanguard 1 satellite marks 50 years in space, 3:20Vanishing acts, part 1, 7:20–7:21Vanishing acts, part 2, 8:20–8:21View to a launch, A, 4:24Vixen’s giant binoculars among largest sold, 11:72–11:73Volcanic trio on Mars could erupt again, 3:17Voyager 2 makes a shocking discovery, 10:18

WWatching a giant die, 10:23Watching a stellar tantrum, 11:23Watery Moon, 7:25Wee black hole, 7:25What happens when galaxies collide?, 3:28–3:33Where has all the water gone?, 2:52–2:55Where the northern lights dance, 11:62–11:67Where will astronomy be in 35 years?, 8:30–8:35Who really invented the telescope?, 8:84–8:86“Whopper” GRB blazes to naked-eye brightness, 7:24Wide-field imager’s dream scope, A, 1:74–1:77Will you see the stars tonight?, 6:64–6:65WMAP finds cosmic neutrino background, 7:23

XX-rated astronomy, 12:74X-ray satellite spots nearly overlooked nova, 12:28

YYour 20-year solar eclipse planner, 10:74–10:77Your scope and the seven dwarfs, 8:64–8:66Youthful galaxy grows up, 2:19

Astronomy Magazine Article Author IndexAAyiomamitis, AnthonyAstroimaging over ancient Greece, 12:64–12:69

BBakich, Michael E.Amateur astronomy’s greatest generation, 8:68–8:71Darkest sky under the stars, The, 2:64–2:65Discover 10 top Milky Way delights, 9:60–9:63Find your way through the summer sky, 7:70–7:71Get ready for summer’s total solar eclipse, 7:66–7:69How to observe the Sun, 4:64–4:65The northern sky’s top 10 galaxies, 11:58–11:61Observing the way it was meant to be, 7:62–7:65Your 20-year solar eclipse planner, 10:74–10:77Balick, BruceHow the Sun will die, 12:38–12:43Bäsemann, HinrichWhere the northern lights dance, 11:62–11:67Berman, BobAnother Earth, 6:13Are we done yet?, 4:14Ask the aliens, 3:12Astro-humiliation, 10:14Basking in the Sun, 5:16The magic canvas, 9:11Marinating the news, 7:14Other dimensions, 2:12A piece of π, 11:12Plenty of nothing, 12:16Staring contest, 8:14Twelve months of strangeness, 1:14Burbine Jr., Thomas H.Are these space rocks from Mercury?, 11:32–11:37Burnell, JimWide-field imager’s dream scope, A, 1:74–1:77

CCarroll, MichaelBiggest planet’s 5 deepest mysteries, The, 1:38–1:43Chaple, GlennClearing the air about seeing vs. transparency, 11:75Eyepiece ABCs, 1:78The King’s astronomer, 8:16Reap the awards of amateur astronomy, 4:16See double tonight, 3:74See the red star round-up, 10:84Signposts of the sky, 7:16

A sure bet for observing fun, 9:67Surf the skies, 2:68Tour the sky with a small scope, 6:71Transform telescope trash into treasure, 5:72X-rated astronomy, 12:74Coe, SteveHow to observe dark nebulae, 5:64–5:67Observe winter’s forgotten star clusters, 2:60–2:63Spot spring’s 11 best globular clusters, 4:58–4:61Cox, T. J.Our galaxy’s date with destruction, 6:28–6:33Crossen, CraigExplore the southern Milky Way’s dark clouds, 9:54–9:57

DDavis, Joel185 million years before the dinosaurs’ demise, did an asteroid nearly end life on Earth?, 4:34–4:39Dorminey, BruceDid molecules from space seed life in the cosmos?, 4:50–4:55Europe’s space revolution, 9:28–9:33On the trail of hydrogen’s heavy sibling, 2:34–2:39Dvorak, JohnJourney to the heart of the Milky Way, 2:28–2:33

EEicher, David J./nlAstronomy magazine’s first 35 years, 8:supplementEllis, Richard S.Quest for the first galaxies, 3:22–3:27

FFalk, DanDid ancient astronomers build Stonehenge?, 7:52–7:57Frank, AdamHow astronomers cracked the Einstein code, 9:22–9:27

GGoldstein, AlanObserve celestial odd couples, 1:64–1:67

HHarrington, PhilThe Antares gang, 7:18Astronomy’s guide to Go-to telescopes, 10:supplementCalling on Cassiopeia, 11:76Cepheus’ fall delights, 10:85The Cygnus Arm flexes its muscle, 9:68Exploring a Messier line-up, 8:18Get a head start on the Hydra, 4:18How to observe artificial satellites, 6:74

It’s a Wonderful Star, 12:76Meet the colorful Gemini twins, 2:70Orion’s new binocular telescope tested, 3:72–3:73Peruse the Water Snake’s other half, 5:74Take a small tour of the Big Dog, 3:76Tour two more clusters in Taurus, 1:80Vixen’s giant binoculars among largest sold, 11:72–11:73

IImpey, ChrisHow life could thrive on hostile worlds, 12:54–12:59

JJakiel, RichardHow comets shaped history, 2:23–2:27Your scope and the seven dwarfs, 8:64–8:66Jarrett, Thomas H.1.5 million galaxies revealed, 3:41–3:43Jayawardhana, RayAre super-sized Earths the new frontier?, 11:26–11:31Cannibal next door, The, 3:38How the Milky Way devours its neighbors, 3:34–3:39Jirsa, MarkScientists unearth ancient impact’s secrets, 12:32–12:37Joson, Imelda B./nlMaster the art of wide-field imaging, 6:66–6:69

LLayton, LauraDark reserve, 1:25Distant galaxy gets a weigh-in, 1:26Exploring galaxy evolution, 3:16Hubble spies Comet Holmes’ heart, 3:18Mars likely had water, 4:26New periodic comet found, 1:23Pulsar push, 1:25Seasons change on Neptune, 1:24Stars form in a galaxy’s “tail”, 1:27Stars found ripe to make planets, 1:22Uncommon Moon, 3:18Loeb, AbrahamIs there an end to cosmology?, 8:28–8:29Our galaxy’s date with destruction, 6:28–6:33

MMarcotte, Mark M./nlMeade’s LX90-ACF eliminates coma, 12:70–12:71McChain, MeganAntimatter traced, 5:23Astronaut rescue rocket revs up, 11:22

Brightest starburst galaxy discovered, 12:23Canada to launch new asteroid hunter, 11:19Distant gamma-ray burst sets a record, 5:20Earth-forming stars are common in the Milky Way, 6:18Found: the solar system’s oldest rocks, 7:25Giant stars may have little helpers, 6:24Hubble identifies weird “blue blobs”, 5:22Hubble’s rising odometer, 12:28IAU names a new plutoid, 11:16MRO finds new signs of a wet early Mars, 11:16Rocket pad for rent, 12:28SDSS III begins, 12:28Servicing Hubble, 5:23Study explains meteorite origins, 12:20Take the Soyuz tour, 11:19McGovern, JeremyHow historic observatories will survive, 4:62–4:63Runaway star is not from our neighborhood, 6:25McNally, DickBackstage at Astronomy, 8:76–8:82Moomaw, BruceNASA’S Phoenix digs Mars, 9:50–9:53

NNadis, SteveCould changing channels tune into alien civilizations?, 5:38–5:43Do cosmic flashes reveal secrets of the infant universe?, 6:34–6:39Searching for the shape of the universe, 4:28–4:33What happens when galaxies collide?, 3:28–3:33

OOberg, JamesAmateurs see fireballs from U.S. satellite kill, 7:24Canada’s handy robot, 1:24Eyewitness to Apollo 8: A personal memoir, 12:20India goes to the Moon, 8:26NASA’s new gamma-ray eye in the sky, 6:20North Korea’s phantom space program, 2:20Phoenix powers down, 5:22Riding fireballs, 9:16See the final shuttle fireball, 10:22The U.S. return to the Moon begins, 11:20Vanguard 1 satellite marks 50 years in space, 3:20A view to a launch, 4:24Odenwald, StenThe coming solar superstorm, 9:34–9:39O’Meara, Stephen JamesCrystal Palace, A, 1:16–1:17The day the Sun crawled, 11:14–11:15Defect or discovery?, 12:18–12:19

How to find a Space Needle in a haystack, 4:20–4:21Naked-eye denizens of the galactic deep, 9:12–9:13Orion’s phantom loop, part 1, 2:14–2:15Orion’s phantom loop, part 2, 3:14–3:15The Pit and the Pendulum, 10:16–10:17Readers report, 6:14–6:15Remembering 2007’s comet double feature, 5:18–5:19Tele Vue’s new eyepiece field tested, 5:68–5:69Vanishing acts, part 1, 7:20–7:21Vanishing acts, part 2, 8:20–8:21

PPeach, Damian A.Capture images of our local star, 4:66–4:67Pendick, Daniel10 rising stars of astronomy, 8:60–8:63Another super-Earth discovered, 9:21Are big-planet systems uncommon?, 10:23Are we looking for life in the right places?, 7:28–7:33Asteroid sleuths find the dino killer, 1:20Astronomers spy a giant particle accelerator in the sky, 5:21Astronomers unearth a star’s death secrets, 10:18Auroral storm trigger confirmed, 11:18Binary pulsar test affirms relativity, 10:21Binocular Telescope snaps first image, 6:21Cassini scopes Saturn’s two-toned moon, 1:25Cluster crash-up reveals dark matter, 12:26Cool stuff for a hot ride, 9:20“Death star” blasts neighboring galaxy, 4:23Dogging Apophis, 6:25Earth through alien eyes, 5:23Entire Moon is within reach, 10:26First light for Palomar’s new optics, 1:26Galactic mistaken identity corrected, 10:20Galaxies on fire, 3:64–3:69GLOBE at Night 2008, 8:27Going the distance, 1:25Google me to the Moon, 6:25Great quasar round-up, The, 3:20Hide-and-seek galaxy surprises astronomers, 4:23High-tech skin keeps satellites cool, 12:28How to take a black hole’s temperature, 12:24Hubble captures little spot’s demise, 11:22Hubble finds most distant galaxies yet, 11:19Hubble gazes at red alien sunsets and “star spots”, 4:22Hubble images interstellar ribbon, 10:24Hubble uncovers white-dwarf age paradox, 10:20Internal heat drives Jupiter’s weather, 5:21Is Eta Carinae the brightest star of all?, 11:24Jupiter’s new spot, 9:14

Little meteors pack a big punch, 5:24Lunar crater is older and possibly icier, 12:24Mars: colder and stiffer inside, 9:20Mars’ dynamic, icy past, 9:18Mars shows its shady side, 5:24Meet the cosmic Cheshire Cat, 10:25Merging galaxies come closer to home, 9:16MESSENGER reveals Mercury’s volcanic past, 10:22Milky Way disarmed, 9:21The Milky Way’s youngest supernova, 9:18Moon clock, 5:23The Moon had water--lots of it, 10:24NASA’s lunar sandbox, 6:25New findings help explain two-faced Mars, 10:21New greenhouse solution keeps early Earth warm, 10:26New ocean eye in orbit, 10:26New radio telescope opens for business, 1:26New technique peers into dark space clouds, 6:25NTT refines distance to key yardstick stars, 6:23Quark nova explains record-breaking blasts, 9:20Rotating radio star mystery solved, 4:26Sharpest snapshots ever of Pluto’s tiny moons, 2:21Shortlist for TMT site announced, 9:20Shuttle legacy, 10:26Space Age anniversary, 1:25Space station robot helpmate goes to work, 6:25Spitzer finds organic-free zone in Pinwheel Galaxy, 11:23Spitzer snaps dusty family portrait, 12:20Spitzer witnesses cosmic ice storm, 1:27Spots and flares mapped on Sun-like star, 4:25Surprises from Comet Wild 2, 5:23Through alien eyes, 11:19Twin stars show surprising differences, 10:26Volcanic trio on Mars could erupt again, 3:17Voyager 2 makes a shocking discovery, 10:18Watching a giant die, 10:23Watching a stellar tantrum, 11:23X-ray satellite spots nearly overlooked nova, 12:28Youthful galaxy grows up, 2:19

RReddy, FrancisAligned aurorae, 8:27Astronomers witness alien star flip-out, 6:27Black hole sets a record, 2:20Black holes wind up galaxy arms, 9:19Calling all space probes, 10:64–10:65Comet Hale-Bopp still going strong, 7:25Earth flybys reveal mystery speed change, 6:20Earth impacts at a glance, 1:60–1:61

Encyclopedia galactica, 3:45–3:51Explore Jupiter’s moons, 2:56–2:57Harmony arrives at space station, 2:17Hinode captures solar “fountains”, 8:27How scientists discovered a solar system “superhighway”/nl, 11:38–11:43Hubble identifies exoplanet’s methane, 6:22Hubble peers into a Milky Way starburst, 2:16Inside Earth’s magnetic shield, 11:52–11:53Inside NASA’s Deep Space Network, 5:56–5:61Is there a rover in Hebes Chasma’s future?, 8:24Mars Express sees martian “landfill”, 2:17Martian probe witnesses avalanches, 6:16NASA budget woes spare Spirit rover, 6:22New Spitzer mosaic unveils galaxy’s heart, 9:14Omega Centauri harbors a black hole, 7:22Orion capsule prepared for short test flights, 7:23Recipe for a great comet, 2:25Ringed planet may have ringed moon, 6:27Six-wheelin’ with NASA’s Moon truck, 7:27Soap bubbles hint at stormy processes, 8:22Space-bound robot dives under icy Wisconsin lake, 6:23Stars on the Sun, 9:36Titan may sport a subsurface sea, 6:22Top 10 space stories of 2007, 1:28–1:37Watery Moon, 7:25Where will astronomy be in 35 years?, 8:30–8:35“Whopper” GRB blazes to naked-eye brightness, 7:24Will you see the stars tonight?, 6:64–6:65Reynolds, Mike D.Choose the dome that’s right for you, 5:70–5:71Easy imaging with the DSI III, 9:64–9:65Meade’s mySKY teaches you the stars, 2:66–2:67Ringwald, FredHow to shoot stars with a webcam, 11:68–11:71

SShahar, CharlesNew pictures from old plates, 1:70–1:73Shibley, JohnObsession’s new 18-inch scope, 4:68–4:69Shubinski, RaymondAll about the Veil Nebula, 6:56–6:61Who really invented the telescope?, 8:84–8:86Shubinski, Raymond/nlInside Arizona’s meteorite treasure chest, 10:80–10:82Spilker, LindaSaturn revolution, 10:34–10:39

TTalcott, Richard

Cassini confirms Titan lakes, 12:27Cassini “tastes” Enceladus’ plumes, 7:26Earth’s troubled adolescence, 5:32–5:37Enceladus jets form deep in fractures, 12:23Exploring Iapetus’ dark side, 3:60–3:63How we junked up outer space, 6:40–6:43How we’ll fix Hubble, 10:28–10:33Intense storm triggers Saturn lightning, 8:22Longer-lived oceans on Venus?, 1:27Mercury reveals its hidden side, 5:26–5:31Meteors rock Phobos, 9:48–9:49New space molecule, 7:25New spin on Moon’s birth, 2:18A pitch from space, 8:27Radar maps Moon’s south pole in detail, 6:19Saturn’s rings carry extra weight, 1:22SELENE beams back lunar HDTV, 7:26Small galaxies weigh plenty, 8:25Stars born in the boondocks, 8:23Studies reveal stony asteroid surprise, 6:24Top 10 discoveries of the last 35 years, 8:36–8:43Wee black hole, 7:25Where has all the water gone?, 2:52–2:55WMAP finds cosmic neutrino background, 7:23Trusock, TomSky testing Orion’s 102mm f/7 ED, 10:78–10:79

ZZimmerman, RobertThe life and death of super suns, 7:34–7:39Taking Venus by storm, 10:66–10:71

Astronomy Magazine Subject Index

2MASS Galaxy Redshift Catalog, 3:41–433C 273 (galaxy), 1:223C 321 (dual galaxy system), 4:231982 SH (asteroid), 1:251987A (supernova), 8:38–39, 12:622001 SN263 (asteroid), 6:232005ap (supernova), 1:34–352006gy (supernova), 1:34–352007 RR9 (potentially hazardous asteroid), 2:212007 TU24 (near-Earth asteroid), 5:202009 International Year of Astronomy, 5:212867 Steins (asteroid), 11:226344 P-L (minor planet), 2:21

AAbell 2218 (galaxy cluster), 11:19Abell 3128 (galaxy cluster), 4:23Alcor (star), 8:20–21Alderamin (Alpha [α] Cephei) (star), 10:85Alfvén waves, 1:22Allen Telescope Array, 1:26Alpha (α) Cephei (Alderamin), 10:85Alpha Centauri A (star), 7:58Alpha Centauri B (star), 6:23, 7:58Altair lunar lander, 10:26ALUNA Moon clock, 5:23Amber Heart (asterism), 9:68amino acetonitrile (NH2CH2CN), 7:25Andromeda Galaxy (M31)black hole at center of, 9:19evidence of “cannibalism”, 3:38future collision with Milky Way, 1:32, 6:28–33observing, 11:59Antares (star), 7:18, 12:86–87Antennae galaxies (NGC 4038/9), 7:10–11, 9:16antimatter, 5:23antimatter stars, 1:63Apollo 8 (manned space mission), 12:22Apophis 99942 (near-Earth asteroid), 4:14, 6:25arcs, 1:16–17, 6:14Ares I rocket, 1:22, 7:23, 11:22, 12:23Ares V cargo lifter, 10:26Arizona Sky Village, 2:64–65Arizona State University (ASU), 10:80–82Arp’s Loop (galaxy group), 5:22asterisms, 7:16, 9:68asteroids. See alsonames of specific asteroids

collisions with Earth, 1:20, 60–61, 4:14, 34–39compared to comets, 9:58near-Earth, 4:14, 5:20, 6:25, 12:22oldest, 7:25possible collision with Mars, 10:21potentially hazardous, 2:21roundness of, 8:74with shortest rotation rate, 10:21Astronautica (asteroid), 1:25astronautsCanadian, 6:23proposed tether system, 2:17radiation risks, 1:22youngest woman, first Korean, 7:23astronomyamateur, 4:16, 8:68–71astroimaging over ancient Greece, 12:64–69book recommendations, 10:72embarrassing moments in, 10:14evolving art of, 9:11future of, in 35 years, 8:30–35rising stars of, 8:60–63top 10 discoveries of past 35 years, 8:36–43top ten stories of 2007, 1:28–37web sites, 2:68Astronomy magazine2009 Sky Guide, 12:supplementfirst 35 years, 8:supplementproduction of, 8:76–82ASU (Arizona State University), 10:80–82auroraebest places to view, 6:62observing in Norway, 11:62–67polarized light, 8:27THEMIS mission, 11:18auroral surges, 4:23Austria, 8:23

BBaby Boom (starburst galaxy), 12:23Barnard 92 (dark nebula), 8:18Barnard 93 (dark nebula), 8:18Barnard 148 (dark nebula), 9:79Barnard 149 (dark nebula), 9:79Barnard 150 (dark nebula), 9:79Barnard’s Loop (dark sky object), 2:14–15, 5:87Beijing Planetarium, 12:23Bernes 157 (small molecular cloud), 9:54, 57Big Dipper (constellation), 9:79binary star systems

Cygnus X-1, 10:26in Orion Nebula, 10:26stellar core and pulsar, 2:21black holesantimatter stars and, 1:63at center of Andromeda Galaxy, 9:19at center of Milky Way Galaxy, 2:28–33changes in, 7:59computer simulation of mergers of, 9:22–27discovery of, 3:20, 8:40–41exiting galaxies, 9:20with greatest mass, 2:20growth of, 4:57with lowest mass, 10:21measurement of mass, 9:58–59neutrinos and, 2:59in Omega Centauri, 7:22smallest, 7:25temperature of, 12:24Blue Snowball (NGC 7662) (planetary nebula), 9:63BO Microscopii (star), 4:25Bodes Galaxy (M81), 11:58–59Bok globules, 9:59Boötes (constellation), 7:24Bose-Einstein condensates, 7:14brownleeite, 10:21BT70 binocular telescope, 3:72–73Butterfly Cluster (M6) (open cluster), 7:78

CCanadaCanadian Space Agency, 6:23Dextre robot manipulator, 1:24NEOSSat, 11:19carbon dioxide, 10:26Cas A (Cassiopeia A) supernova remnant, 4:26, 10:18Cassini (spacecraft)begins 2-year extended mission, 10:20extension of mission, 7:22findings by, 10:34–39images of Iapetus, 1:25Titan flyby, 1:32–33Cassiopeia (constellation), 11:76Cassiopeia A (Cas A) (supernova remnant), 4:26, 10:18Castor (star), 2:70Cat’s Eye Nebula, 1:26CCD (charge-coupled device) cameras, 9:64–65, 10:supplementcelestial coordinates, 6:63Celestis company, 7:23Center for Meteorite Studies (CMS), 10:80–82

Cepheid variable stars, 6:23Cepheus (constellation), 10:85CG4 (cometary globule), 6:9–10, 9:56Chamaeleon Cloud Complex, 9:54–55Chandrayaan 1 (lunar orbiter), 1:37Chandrayaan-1 (lunar orbiter), 8:26Chang’e-1 (lunar probe), 2:17charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras, 9:64–65, 10:supplementCharon (Pluto’s moon), 2:21Cheshire Cat (gravitational lens system), 10:25Chile, 12:20ChinaChang’e-1, 2:17Double Star satellites, 2:17potential lunar base, 1:22Chryse region (feature on Mars), 6:85Cigar Galaxy (M82), 11:61Clear Sky Chart, 6:64–65CMB (cosmic microwave background), 3:18, 8:40–41CMEs (coronal mass ejections), 3:18, 10:72CMS (Center for Meteorite Studies), 10:80–82Cocoon Nebula (IC 5146), 9:62–63Collinder 463 (open cluster), 11:76Comet 17P/Holmes, 2:78–80, 3:18, 5:18–19, 83, 8:95Comet 81P/Wild 2, 5:23Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), 7:25Comet C/2006 M4 (Swan), 12:85Comet C/2006 VZ13 (Linear), 1:91Comet C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy), 1:91Comet Encke, 2:17Comet Hartley 2, 4:23Comet McNaught, 1:30, 5:18–19Comet P/2007 R5, 1:23comets. See also names of specific cometsancient observations of, 8:75brownleeite, 10:21classification as “great”, 2:25collisions with Earth, 1:60–61compared to asteroids, 9:58discoveries of by SOHO spacecraft, 10:21elongated orbits of, 1:62hazards from debris, 3:71historical significance of, 2:23–27naming of, 7:58–59origin of, 1:62Communicating Science to the Public (journal), 4:23conjunctionsof Moon, Venus and Mercury, 8:95of Moon and Venus, 5:88constellations, 7:16. See also names of specific constellations

corals, reproduction of, 1:22Corona Australis (molecular cloud), 6:25coronal mass ejections (CMEs), 3:18, 10:72COROT satellite, 11:23Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS), 1:34–35cosmic ice storms, 1:27cosmic inflation, 9:28–33cosmic microwave background (CMB), 3:18, 8:40–41cosmological expansion, 2:59, 8:28–29COSMOS (Cosmic Evolution Survey), 1:34–35craters, see names of specific cratersCygnus Arm (feature of Milky Way), 9:68Cygnus X-1 (binary system), 9:68

Ddark energy, 8:43dark matter3-D map of, 1:34–35collision with normal matter, 12:26dark nebulae, 5:64–67. See also names of specific dark nebulaedark sky objects, 2:14–15, 5:87Deep Impact (space probe), 4:23, 6:23, 11:19Deep Sky Imager (DSI) III CCD camera, 9:64–65Deep Space Network (DSN), 5:56–61, 6:23deuterium, 2:34–39Dextre (special-purpose dexterous manipulator), 1:24, 6:25dimensions, other, 2:12dinosaurs, extinction of, 1:20Dione (Saturn’s moon), 9:20Double Star satellites, 2:17DSI (Deep Sky Imager) III CCD camera, 9:64–65DSN (Deep Space Network), 5:56–61, 6:23Dumbbell Nebula (M27), 9:61dwarf galaxies. See also names of specific dwarf galaxiesdebris from cannibalized, 8:38observable with small/medium telescopes, 8:64–66spherical, 11:57weight of, 1:26dwarf planets, 3:71

EEagle Nebula (M16), 5:10–11, 8:18Earth. See also Mooncarbon dioxide in early atmosphere of, 10:26development of, 5:32–37effects of nearby supernovae, 1:62–63magnetosphere, 11:52–53molten stage, 3:18tides, 3:18transit of by Moon, 11:19

what could be discovered about from another planet, 5:23eclipses20-year planning guide, 10:74–77lunar, 1:14, 4:78, 6:83, 85, 87–88solar, 7:67–69, 10:74–77, 11:86–88Einstein, Albert, 9:22–27, 10:21Elephant Trunk Nebula (IC 1396), 8:95elliptical galaxies, 3:16, 9:59, 11:56emission nebulae, see names of specific emission nebulaeempty space, 12:16Enceladus (Saturn’s moon), 7:26, 12:23Environmentally Non-Disturbing Under-Ice Robotic Antarctic Explorer (ENDURANCE), 6:23ESA. See European Space AgencyEskimo Nebula (NGC 2392), 7:79ESO (European Southern Observatory), 8:23ESO 137-001 (galaxy), 1:27ESO 257-19 (spiral galaxy), 6:9–10Eta Carinae Nebula (NGC 3372), 12:88Eta Carinae (star), 1:63, 11:24Ethos eyepiece, 5:68–69European Southern Observatory (ESO), 8:23European Space Agency (ESA)Lunar Robotics Challenge, 11:23missions to explore cosmic background radiation, 9:28–33recruitment push, 10:21EV Lacertae (dwarf star), 9:20exoplanetsatmosphere on, 4:23discovery of, 8:23, 42, 9:20free oxygen in atmospheres of, 6:13methane atmosphere, 6:22Neptune-mass, 1:30–31sunsets on, 4:22super-Earths, 9:21, 11:26–31eyepieces, telescope, 1:78

FFalcon 1 rocket, 11:23FastSat (microsatellite), 4:23Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, 12:23Fireworks Galaxy (NGC 6946), 11:58Foton-M bio-satellite, 1:22free oxygen, 6:13

GG1.9+0.3 (supernova), 9:18G350.1-0.3 (supernova remnant), 10:20galaxiescollisions of, 3:28–33high-energy jet from, 4:23

most distant discovered by Hubble, 11:19star formation in, 4:23study of distant, 3:22–27top 10 visible in northern skies, 11:58–61weight of, 8:25galaxy clusters, 4:23, 5:21, 11:19, 12:26Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) (probe), 3:16galaxy groups, 5:22, 10:92gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)in constellation Boötes, 7:24discovery of, 8:39earliest known, 5:20learning from, 6:34–39Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), 6:20, 12:23Gemini (constellation), 2:70GLOBE at Night project, 8:27globular clusters. See also names of specific globular clustersobserving, 4:58–61, 9:12–13size of, 11:57Google Lunar X Prize, 6:25Google Sky (viewing tool), 2:21GP-B (Gravity Probe B) satellite, 1:36–37GRAIL mission, 4:23gravitational lens systems, 10:25gravity, bending of light by, 8:74–75Gravity Probe B (GP-B) (satellite), 1:36–37GRBs. See gamma-ray burstsGreat Attractor, The, 8:37

HHα (Hydrogen-alpha) telescopes, 12:84Hale-Bopp (Comet C/1995 O1), 7:25Halley’s comet, 2:24–27halos, 1:16–17Harmony (ISS unit), 2:17Hawaii, 1:22Hawking, Stephen, 8:23HD 0437-5439 (star), 6:25HD 189733b (exoplanet), 6:22HD 189773b (exoplanet), 4:22HE 1523-0901 (red giant star), 1:33, 9:58Hebes Chasma (feature on Mars), 8:24Herschel, William, 8:16, 12:18–19Herschel space mission, 9:28–33Hickson 44 (galaxy group), 10:92Hickson 92 (galaxy group), 10:92Hind’s crimson star (R Leporis), 6:87HIP 56948 (star), 3:18Hipparcos satellite, 1:25Hoag’s object (ring galaxy), 3:86

hot Jupiters, 4:22Hubble constant, 3:70–71Hubble Space Telescope2008 servicing mission, 1:22, 5:23, 10:28–33completion of 100,000th orbit, 12:28enhancement of images from, 1:70–73most distant galaxies discovered by, 11:19hurricanes, 7:23Hydra (constellation), 4:18, 5:74Hydra (Pluto’s moon), 2:21Hydrogen-alpha (Hα) telescopes, 12:84

II Zwicky 18 (dwarf galaxy), 2:19Iapetus (Saturn’s moon), 1:25, 3:60–63IAU (International Astronomical Union), 4:23IC 10 X-1 (black hole), 2:20IC 239 (spiral galaxy), 3:87IC 1295 (planetary nebula), 12:85IC 1396 (Elephant Trunk Nebula), 8:95IC 1396 (open cluster), 10:85IC 2944 (emission nebula), 6:85, 9:80IC 4628 (Prawn Nebula), 10:93IC 5070 (Pelican Nebula), 5:86IC 5146 (Cocoon Nebula), 9:62–63India, 1:37, 8:26infrared (IR) lightmap of distant universe, 8:23panorama of Milky Way, 9:14International Astronomical Union (IAU), 4:23International Dark-Sky Association, 1:25International Space Station (ISS)ammonia container from, 11:23baseball pitched from, 8:27Canadian astronauts, 6:23Harmony unit, 2:17hazards from comet debris, 3:71launch of heat-proof paper airplanes from, 9:20plant research on, 11:23Internet Archive library, 11:23Interplanetary Superhighway, 11:38–43IR light. See infrared lightISS. See International Space StationItalian Space Agency, 12:23

JJ2-X engine, 9:20James Webb Space Telescope, 5:21Japanfirst minister of space development, 10:21

launch of heat-proof paper airplanes from ISS, 9:20Jason-2 satellite, 10:26Jules Verne (spacecraft), 1:37Jupiter5 deepest mysteries of, 1:38–43appearance in 2008, 1:14demise of Little Red Spot, 11:22images of, 10:93moons of, 2:56–57New Horizons flyby, 1:30–31new spot, 9:14weather, 5:21

KKazSat satellite, 10:21Korea, 7:23

LLagoon Nebula (M8), 9:60Lambda Orionis Nebula, 5:87Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), 6:21Large Hadron Collider (LHC), 1:35–36, 5:21Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), 10:12–13Large Molecule Heimat, 7:25Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), 5:21LBT (Large Binocular Telescope), 6:21LCROSS (Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite), 11:20LDN 673 (dark nebula), 5:86Leo 1 (dwarf galaxy), 1:64–65Leonid meteor shower, 6:14–15LH 95 (star-forming region), 10:12–13LHC (Large Hadron Collider), 1:35–36, 5:21lifeextremophiles, 12:54–59origin of, 4:50–55, 56–57search for, 7:28–33lightbending of by gravity, 8:74–75blocking of by dust, 9:20light pollution, 1:25, 2:64–65, 8:27Linear (Comet C/2006 VZ13), 1:91LMC (Large Magellanic Cloud), 10:12–13Local Group galaxies, 2:59LOFAR radio telescope, 4:23Lovejoy (Comet C/2007 E2), 1:91Lowell Observatory, 12:23LSST (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope), 5:21Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), 11:20lunar eclipses, 1:14, 4:78, 6:83, 85, 87–88Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, 2:17, 10:21, 11:20

Lunar Robotics Challenge, 11:23lunar rover, 7:27LX90-ACF telescope, 12:70–71

MM6 (Butterfly Cluster), 7:78M8 (Lagoon Nebula), 9:60M11 (Wild Duck Cluster), 9:61M16 (Eagle Nebula), 5:10–11, 8:18M17 (Swan Nebula), 8:18M18 (open cluster), 8:18M22 (globular cluster), 9:60M23 (open cluster), 8:18M24 (Small Sagittarius Star Cloud), 8:18M25 (open cluster), 8:18M27 (Dumbbell Nebula), 9:61M28 (globular cluster), 6:85M29 (NGC 6913) (open cluster), 9:68M31. See Andromeda GalaxyM42. See Orion NebulaM46 (open cluster), 1:64M47 (open cluster), 6:86M51 (Whirlpool Galaxy), 11:60M57 (Ring Nebula), 9:61–62M63 (Sunflower Galaxy), 11:59–60M67 (open cluster), 4:79M81 (Bodes Galaxy), 11:58–59M82 (Cigar Galaxy), 11:61M83 (Southern Whirlpool Galaxy), 10:95M96 (spiral galaxy), 1:90M100 (spiral galaxy), 3:87M101 (Pinwheel Galaxy), 4:79, 11:23, 60–61M103 (open cluster), 5:85M106 (spiral galaxy), 6:84M108 (spiral galaxy), 1:91M109 (spiral galaxy), 3:86MACSJ0025.4-1222 (galaxy cluster collision), 12:26magnetosphere, 11:52–53Makemake (plutoid), 11:16Many Worlds Interpretation, 2:12Marsancient river delta, 11:16avalanches, 6:16Chryse region, 6:85clouds of frozen carbon-dioxide crystals, 5:24future sample return mission, 10:23glacial ice formations on, 9:18Hebes Chasma, 8:24interior of, 9:20large debris blocks, 6:23

Maunder Crater, 2:17molten stage, 3:18occultation of by Moon, 8:95Phobos (moon), 9:48–49possible asteroid collision with, 10:21sand dunes, 8:23surface changes, 2:58–59volcanic activity, 3:17, 9:20water, 2:52–55, 4:26Mars Express orbiter5,000th orbit, 3:18flyby of Phobos, 11:23Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), 11:16Mars Science Laboratory, 2:17Maunder Crater (feature on Mars), 2:17Meade DSI III CCD camera, 9:64–65Meade LX90-ACF telescope, 12:70–71Meade mySKY handheld star finder, 2:66–67Mercuryconjunction with Moon and Venus, 8:95image of, 10:96MESSENGER spacecraft, 5:26–31, 10:22possible meteorites from, 11:32–37transit of Sun, 6:14Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft, 1:37, 5:26–31, 10:22Messier 110, 11:57Messier objects, 3:74meteorites2007 impact in Carancas, Peru, 6:24angrite, 11:32–37origin of, 12:22Sudbury Basin impact, 12:32–37meteors1908 explosion over Siberia, 5:24, 10:21Center for Meteorite Studies (CMS), 10:80–82database of impact sites, 7:59impacts on Phobos, 9:48–49map of impact sites, 1:60–61observing, 8:74sonic boom from, 11:56Milky Way Galaxyantimatter cloud around center of, 5:23arms of, 9:21Cygnus Arm, 9:68digital optical survey of, 4:23future collision with Andromeda, 6:28–33infrared panorama of, 9:14optical digital survey of, 5:21pending collision with Andromeda Galaxy, 1:32

radio emission from, 3:18structure of, 8:37supermassive black hole at center of, 2:28–33theories of origin, 3:34–39Millstone Hill Radar antenna, 12:23Mira (variable star), 12:76Mizar (star), 8:20–21Moon (Earth’s)birth of, 3:18conjunction with Venus, 5:88conjunction with Venus and Mercury, 8:95coral reproduction synchronized to, 1:22creation of, 5:32–37eclipses of, 1:14, 4:78, 6:83, 85, 87–88formation of, 2:18images of, 5:86, 10:93, 96international efforts to explore, 11:16Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, 11:20lunar rover, 7:27mapping of south pole, 6:19occultation of Mars by, 8:95occultation of stars by Earth as seen from, 8:75potential Chinese lunar base, 1:22Ptolemaeus Crater, 5:86Shackleton Crater, 12:24transit of Earth, 11:19water on, 7:25, 10:24wobbling of, 4:57moons, roundness of, 8:74. See also names of specific moonsMRO (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter), 11:16Mu (µ) Cephei (star), 10:85Murchison Wide-Field Array radio telescope, 5:38–43mySKY handheld star finder, 2:66–67

NNASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)2009 budget, 6:22–23Deep Space Network (DSN), 5:56–61, 6:23development of GPS system, 11:23Government Invention of the Year award, 9:20image repository website, 11:23J2-X engine, 9:20Regolith Excavation Challenge, 6:25return to Moon, 11:20student awards, 12:23Web-based historical tour of, 12:23Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat), 11:19near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), 4:14, 5:20, 6:25, 12:22nebulae, see names of specific nebulaeNeedle Galaxy (NGC 4565), 11:60

NEOSSat (Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite), 11:19Neptune, seasons on, 1:24neutrinos, 2:59, 7:23neutron stars, 2:59New Exploration of Tempel 1 (NExT) mission, 4:56New Horizons (spacecraft)crosses Saturn’s orbit, 10:18distance from Earth, 11:56–57Jupiter flyby, 1:30–31New Technology Telescope (NTT), 6:25NExT (New Exploration of Tempel 1) mission, 4:56NGC 247 (spiral galaxy), 3:87NGC 300 (spiral galaxy), 3:16NGC 457 (Owl Cluster), 9:63NGC 869 (star cluster), 11:76NGC 884 (star cluster), 11:76NGC 1097 (barred spiral galaxy), 3:86NGC 1291 (galaxy), 3:16NGC 1316 (elliptical galaxy), 3:16NGC 1514 (planetary nebula), 6:86NGC 1532 (spiral galaxy), 10:95NGC 1647 (open cluster), 1:80NGC 1672 (spiral galaxy), 12:14–15NGC 1746 (open cluster), 1:80NGC 2237-9 (Rosette Nebula), 7:79NGC 2392 (Eskimo Nebula), 7:79NGC 2403 (galaxy), 1:92, 11:58NGC 2438 (planetary nebula), 1:64NGC 2736 (emission nebula), 4:20–21NGC 3199 (emission nebula), 7:80NGC 3372 (Eta Carinae Nebula), 12:88NGC 3521 (spiral galaxy), 3:88NGC 3603 (star cluster), 2:16NGC 3718 (spiral galaxy), 7:79NGC 3729 (spiral galaxy), 7:79NGC 4013 (spiral galaxy), 6:86NGC 4038/9 (Antennae galaxies), 7:10–11, 9:16NGC 4485 (galaxy), 8:94NGC 4490 (galaxy), 8:94NGC 4565 (Needle Galaxy), 11:60NGC 4567 (spiral galaxy), 3:86NGC 4568 (spiral galaxy), 3:86NGC 4569 (galaxy), 3:16NGC 4631 (Whale Galaxy), 11:61NGC 4649 (galaxy), 12:24NGC 5367 (reflection nebula), 9:55, 57NGC 5371 (spiral galaxy), 12:85NGC 5963 (spiral galaxy), 3:85NGC 5965 (spiral galaxy), 3:85NGC 6188 (emission nebula), 10:94–95

NGC 6193 (open cluster), 9:55–57NGC 6231 (star cluster), 9:56–57NGC 6712 (globular cluster), 12:85NGC 6752 (globular cluster), 5:87NGC 6781 (planetary nebula), 9:61NGC 6791 (star cluster), 10:20NGC 6834 (open cluster), 6:84NGC 6871 (open cluster), 9:68NGC 6913 (M29) open cluster, 9:68NGC 6946 (Fireworks Galaxy), 11:58NGC 7000 (North America Nebula), 9:62NGC 7160 (star cluster), 10:85NGC 7662 (Blue Snowball), 9:63NH2CH2CN (amino acetonitrile), 7:25Nix (Pluto’s moon), 2:21North America Nebula (NGC 7000), 9:62North Korea, 2:20Norway, 11:62–67novae, 11:23, 12:28. See also supernovaeNovaya-Zemlya effect, 11:12NP101is (telescope), 1:74–77NTT (New Technology Telescope), 6:25NuSTAR mission, 1:22

Oobservation, astronomicalof “odd-couples”, 1:64–67summertime, 7:70–71observatories. See also names of specific observatoriesdomes, 5:70–71historic, 4:62–63Obsession 18 inch Ultra Compact telescope, 4:68–69occultationof Mars by Moon, 8:95of stars by Earth, 8:75Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM) satellite, 12:23Omega Centauri (globular star cluster), 7:22open clusters, 2:60–63. See also names of specific open clustersOphiuchus (galaxy cluster), 5:21Opportunity roverbudget cuts, 6:22climbs out of Victoria Crater, 12:23loss of tool-carrying arm, 8:23Orion 102mm f/7 ED telescope, 10:78–79Orion BT70 binocular telescope, 3:72–73Orion jettison engine, 11:22Orion Nebula (M42)binary star system in, 10:26distance to, 2:17star-forming regions in, 10:23

Orion spacecraft, 7:23OSTM (Ocean Surface Topography Mission) satellite, 12:23Owl Cluster (NGC 457), 9:63oxygen, free, 6:13ozone layer, 2:17

Pπ (pi), 11:12PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), 11:23Palomar Mountain Observatory, 1:26panspermia hypothesis, 4:56–57Pan-STARRS-1 telescope, 1:22particle entanglement theory, 7:14Pelican Nebula (IC 5070), 5:86Pencil Nebula, 4:20–21Peony Nebula star, 11:24Permian period, 4:39Perseid meteors, 8:14PHAs (potentially hazardous asteroids), 2:21Phobos (Mars’ moon), 9:48–49Phoenix landerlanding date, 1:37landing technique, 5:22microscopic images from, 9:18–19overview of, 9:50–53photons, 8:74–75pi (π), 11:12Pinwheel Galaxy (M101), 4:79, 11:23, 60–61Planck space mission, 9:28–33planemos, 7:58planetariums, 12:23planetary nebulae, see names of specific planetary nebulaeplanetesimals, 3:71planets. See also exoplanets; names of specific planetsdwarf, 3:71formation of giant, 10:23rings around, 1:22roundness of, 8:74Pleiades star cluster, 1:14Pluto, 2:21plutoids, 11:16Polaris (star), 8:94Pollux (star), 2:70polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 11:23potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs), 2:21Prawn Nebula (IC 4628), 10:93Ptolemaeus Crater (feature on Moon), 5:86Pulsar Search Collaboratory, 1:25pulsarsaffirmation of theory of relativity through observation of, 10:21

binary system, 2:21student efforts to document, 1:25pulsating carbon white dwarves, 8:22

Qquark stars, 9:20QuickSCAT satellite, 10:21

RR Leporis (Hind’s crimson star), 6:87radiationconverting to electricity, 7:23risks to astronauts, 1:22radio telescopes. See also names of specific radio telescopesDeep Space Network (DSN), 5:56–61, 6:23for Moon’s far side, 6:23Murchison Wide-Field Array, 5:38–43study of 3C273 (galaxy), 1:22radio waves, effect on ionosphere, 5:21radio-emitting stars, 4:26red giant stars, 1:33, 9:58, 10:84reflection nebulae, 4:79, 9:55, 57Regolith Excavation Challenge, 6:25Regulus (star), 1:64–65relativity, theory of, 9:22–27, 10:21Rhea (Saturn’s moon), 6:27right ascension and declination, 6:63ring galaxies, 3:86Ring Nebula (M57), 9:61–62rings, plantary, 1:22, 12:18–19rockets, see names of specific rocketsRosette Nebula (NGC 2237-9), 7:79RS Pup (Cepheid variable star), 6:23Ruprecht 173 (open cluster), 9:68Russiaexperiments on missions to Mars, 2:17Foton-M bio-satellite, 1:22space tourism, 11:19Yasniy satellite launch site, 4:24

SSaggese, Enrico, 12:23satellites. See also names of specific satellitesheat-regulating skin for, 12:28redistributing thruster fuel on, 2:17viewing, 6:74Saturn. See also names of moons orbitingCassini mission, 10:28–33image of, 9:79rings of, 1:22

storms on, 8:22wave-like pattern of temperature change, 9:20SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey), 3:45–51, 12:28Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE), 7:26Shackleton Crater (feature on Moon), 12:24Sharpless 2-9 (emission nebula), 1:91Sharpless 2-16 (emission nebula), 10:95Sharpless 2-17 (emission nebula), 10:95Sharpless 2-18 (emission nebula), 10:95Sharpless 2-19 (emission nebula), 10:95Sharpless 2-20 (emission nebula), 10:95Sharpless 2-82 (emission and reflection nebula), 4:79Sharpless 2-124 (emission nebula), 4:80Sharpless 2-263 (emission nebula), 8:95Sharpless 2-276 (emission nebula), 3:14–15Sharpless 2-278 (emission nebula), 5:87Sharpless 2-302 (emission nebula), 6:87SLC (Space Launch Complex) 36, 12:28Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), 3:45–51, 12:28small molecular clouds (SMCs), 9:54, 57Small Sagittarius Star Cloud (M24), 8:18small-aperture telescopes, 6:71SMCs (small molecular clouds), 9:54, 57SN 1006 (supernova remnant), 10:24SOFIA (jet-based infrared telescope), 5:21SOHO spacecraft, 10:21solar eclipses, 7:67–69, 10:74–77, 11:86–88solar flareson BO Microscopii, 4:25on EV Lacertae, 9:20superstorms, 9:34–39Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment satellite, 3:18solar system, shape of, 4:26solar wind, 4:26Southern Whirlpool Galaxy (M83), 10:95Soyuz TMA-11 (spacecraft), 9:16Space Adventures company, 11:19Space Age, 50th anniversary of, 1:25space elevators, 7:23space junk, 6:40–43Space Launch Complex (SLC) 36, 12:28Space ShuttleColumbia xenon experiment data, 10:26final observable fireball from, 10:22rotation of after launch, 12:63space tourism, 11:19spacecraft. See also names of specific spacecraftInterplanetary Superhighway, 11:38–43profile of current, 10:64–65velocity of flybys, 6:20

SpaceShipTwo (space plane), 5:21SpaceWorks Engineering company, 6:25SpaceX company, 11:23special-purpose dexterous manipulator (Dextre), 1:24, 6:25spiral galaxies, 3:86, 9:59, 11:56. See also names of specific spiral galaxiesSpirit rover, 6:22Spitzer Space Telescopecosmic ice storm, 1:27W5 (star-forming cloud), 12:20SS Cygni (star), 9:67star clusters, 5:22. See also names of specific star clustersstar diagonals, 4:56–57starbursts, 3:64–69Stardust (spacecraft), 4:56star-forming regions, 10:12–13, 23Starmaster telescope, 7:62–65stars. See also names of specific starsantimatter, 1:63apparent motion of, 10:16–17binary systems, 2:21, 10:26direct versus indirect observation of, 7:20–21formation of far from galactic center, 8:23formation of in galaxy’s “tail”, 1:27Hipparcos catalog of distances to, 1:25imaging disks of, 6:62methods of measuring diameters of, 12:62–63neutron, 2:59pulsating carbon white dwarves, 8:22quark, 9:20radio emissions from, 4:26radio-emitting, 4:26red giant, 1:33, 9:58, 10:84Sun-like “helper stars”, 6:24Sun-like with dust disks, 6:18variable, 6:23, 12:76visibility of disks of, 10:73white-dwarf, 3:18, 8:22, 10:20Wolf-Rayet, 7:34–39STEREO spacecraft, 11:23Stern, S. Alan (planetary scientist), 7:23Stock 2 (open cluster), 11:76Stock 5 (open cluster), 11:76Stonehenge, 7:52–57stormson Jupiter, 9:14, 11:22on Saturn, 8:22soap bubbles reveal process of, 8:22solar, 9:34–39Subaru telescope (Hawaii), 4:26Sun

Alfvén waves, 1:22arcs, 1:16–17coronal mass ejections (CMEs), 3:18death of, 12:38–43eclipses of, 7:67–69, 10:74–77, 11:86–88halos, 1:16–17heat of corona, 3:70Hydrogen-alpha images of, 5:84–85, 12:84Novaya-Zemlya effect, 11:14–15observing, 4:64–65photographing, 4:66–67physical makeup of, 5:16Solar Cycle 24, 5:21solar fountains, 8:27Sunflower Galaxy (M63), 11:59–60super-Earths, 9:21, 11:26–31supernovae. See also names of specific supernovaedust from, 4:26effects on Earth of nearby, 1:62–63frequency of, 10:72–73quark star birth, 9:20Swan (Comet C/2006 M4), 12:85Swan Nebula (M17), 8:18

TTau Boötis (star), 6:27Tele Vue Ethos eyepiece, 5:68–69Tele Vue NP101is (telescope), 1:74–77telescopes. See also names of specific telescopes: radio telescopes23 best, 10:supplementcare and maintenance of, 12:74eyepieces, 1:78factors affecting visibility, 11:75Hydrogen-alpha, 12:84invention of, 8:84–86modifying old, 5:72small-aperture, 6:71star diagonals, 4:56–57Sun-observing UV, 2:17visibility of stars’ disks by, 10:73Texas Petawatt Laser, 7:23THEMIS mission, 11:18Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), 9:20thunderstorms, 6:23tides, 3:18Titan (Saturn’ moon)confirmation of liquid ethane lakes on, 12:27liquid hydrocarbons, 5:21possible seas on, 1:32–33possible underground ocean, 6:22

TMT (Thirty Meter Telescope), 9:20Trumpler 1 (open cluster), 5:85Tunguska incident, 5:24, 10:21Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), 3:41–43

UUlysses spacecraftextension of mission, 3:21orbit of, 4:24shutdown of, 9:14unidentified flying objects (UFOs), 3:12universeblocking of light by dust, 9:20expansion of, 2:59, 7:14looking backward in time at distant objects, 6:62–63shape of, 4:28–33uranium, 9:58Uranus, rings of, 12:18–19U.S. Professor of the Year Award, 3:21USA-193 (spy satellite), 7:24

VV598 Puppis (nova), 12:28V1280 Scorpii (star), 11:23Van Allen Belts, 3:18Van den Bergh 152 (VdB 152) (molecular cloud), 9:78Vanguard 1 (satellite), 3:20variable stars, 6:23, 12:76VdB 152 (Van den Bergh 152) molecular cloud, 9:78Veil Nebula, 6:56–61Venusconjunction with Moon, 5:88conjunction with Moon and Mercury, 8:95exploration of, 10:66–71hydroxyl molecules in atmosphere of, 9:20images of, 9:79, 10:93possible existence of water, 1:27Venus Express mission, 3:18, 10:66–71, 11:23Very Large Telescopenew wide-angle, near-infrared camera, 2:17role in movie, 7:23Vixen BT-125-A binoculars, 11:72–73volcanos, 3:17, 9:20Voyager 1 (spacecraft), 8:41–42Voyager 2 (spacecraft), 4:23, 8:41–42, 10:18

WW5 (star-forming cloud), 12:20web sites, astronomy-related, 2:68webcams, 11:68–71

Whale Galaxy (NGC 4631), 11:61Whirlpool Galaxy (M51), 11:60white-dwarf stars, 3:18, 8:22, 10:20wide-field imaging, 6:66–69Wild Duck Cluster (M11), 9:61Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), 4:28–33, 7:23Winter Triangle, 3:76Witch Head Nebula, 5:85WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe), 4:28–33, 7:23WMAP satellite, 6:23WOH G64 (star), 10:23Wolf-Rayet stars, 7:34–39

YYasniy satellite launch site, 4:24Yi So-yeon (astronaut), 7:23

ZZeta (ζ) Cephei (star), 10:85