ASTM STANDARDSUnderstanding Stone Testing

Presented by: Charles Muehlbauer, Technical DirectorNATURAL STONE INSTITUTE

Learning Objectives• Awareness of Performance Requirements of Stone

Products

• Options for Stone Testing Services when no Existing Data is Available

• Identify the Pertinent Properties of Stone and the Test Methods that Measure those Properties

• Using Materials Standards to Prevent the Use of Stone Products in Unsuitable Applications

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ASTM DOCUMENTS

•ASTM International

• Standards (Specifications)

• Guides

• Procedures

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ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone

• Executive Committee C18.90

• Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary, Subcommittee Chairs

• Subcommittee C18.01 Test Methods

• Subcommittee C18.03 Specifications

• Subcommittee C18.06 Attachments

• Subcommittee C18.07 Environmental

• Subcommittee C18.08 Stone Selection

• Subcommittee C18.91 Nomenclature4

ASTM Standard Specifications for Dimension Stone Types

• C 503 Standard Specification for MARBLE Dimension Stone

• C 568 Standard Specification for LIMESTONE Dimension Stone

• C 615 Standard Specification for GRANITE Dimension Stone

• C 616 Standard Specification for QUARTZ-BASED Dimension Stone

• C 629 Standard Specification for SLATE Dimension Stone

• C 1526 Standard Specification for SERPENTINE Dimension Stone

• C 1527 Standard Specification for TRAVERTINE Dimension Stone

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ASTM Guides for Dimension Stone

• C 119 Nomenclature

• C 1242 Stone Anchorage

• C 1515 Cleaning of Exterior Stone

• C 1528 Stone Selection

• C 1721 Petrographic Examination

• C 1799 Stone Test Specimen Sampling & Preparation6

ASTM Standard Test Methods for Dimension Stones

• C 97 Absorption & Density

• C 99 Modulus of Rupture

• C 170 Compressive Strength

• C 241 Abrasion Resistance

• C1353 Abrasion Resistance by Taber Abraser

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ASTM Standard Test Methods for Dimension Stones (cont’d)

• C 880 Flexural Strength

• (Withdrawn) C 1028 Static Coefficient of Friction

• C 1201 Structural Performance of Stone Cladding

• C 1352 Flexural Modulus of Elasticity

• C 1354 Individual Stone Anchorages

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Applicability of Test Procedures

• Not all test procedures are applicable to all installations.

• For instance, Abrasion Resistance or Coefficient of Friction do not provide influential data when designing cladding.

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What are we Testing for?

• Durability• Absorption/Density• Abrasion Resistance• Petrography

• Public Safety• Static Coefficient of Friction

• Strength• Compressive Strength • Flexural Strength• Anchor Strength

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Testing and PropertiesABSORPTION

The amount of water taken on by the stone when in a saturated condition

Expressed as the percentage of weight difference between the saturated and dry conditions

Ref: ASTM C 97

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ASTM C 97

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DENSITY

The unit weight of the stone

Expressed as kg/m3 or lbs/ft3

Ref: ASTM C 97

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Abrasion Resistance

ASTM C 241or …..

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Abrasion ResistanceASTM C 1353

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Petrography – ASTM C 1721

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ANISOTROPY (RIFT)

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ANISOTROPY (RIFT)

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C170 Compressive Strength

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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

The failure stress when the stone sample is loaded under uniaxial compression, reported as MPa or lbs/in² (Ref: ASTM C170)

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• The flexural breaking stress of a stone sample under a bending load

• Expressed as lbs/in² or Mpa

• Ref: ASTM C 880, or C99

BENDING STRENGTH

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BENDING - C99

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BENDING – C880

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Testing and Properties

BENDING STRENGTH TESTS

C 99 Modulus of Rupture C 880 Flexural Strength24

C 880 FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST

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ASTMC482Bond

Strength

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Shear Strength

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Shear Strength

of Adhesive

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Tensile Strength

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Full Panel Test

C 1201

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Structural Performance of Exterior Dimension Stone Cladding Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference (ASTM-C 1201)

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QuestionsDiscussion

THANK YOUFOR ATTENDING THE PRESENTATION

Charles Muehlbauer, Technical DirectorNATURAL STONE INSTITUTETel: (320) 230-0728 Mobile: (320) 250-4190charles@naturalstoneinstitute.org

Please don´t forget to collect your CPD certificateduring the event from the CPD collection area!