Astigmatism 131007131835 Phpapp01
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Transcript of Astigmatism 131007131835 Phpapp01
ASTIGMATISMNishita afrin
ICOB.OPTOM
What is Astigmatism ?O one type of refractive error
,where in refraction varies in different meridian
CONTINUE..O For example, the image may
be focused on the retina in the horizontal (sagittal )plane,but not on the retina in the vertical plane
O Most Astigmatic cornea have two curves,one is steeper and another oner a flatter curve
OPTICS OF ASTIGMATISMO In Astigmatism , the rays of
light from one sector fall on one point and rays from aanother sector fall on another point.
O The configuration of rays refracted through the Astigmatic surface (toric surface) is called sturms conoid
CONTINUE..
INCIDENCEO No eye is perfectly stigmatic ,
almost all individuals have a minor degree of physiological Astigmatism
O About 60 % cases of refractive error have Astigmatism which needs to be corrected
CONTINUEO Occurs with equal frequency in
males and femaleO Approximate distributation recording
to degree of Astigmatism 0.25 - 0.50 50% 0.75 - 1.0 25% 1.00 – 4.00 24 % > 4.00 1%
CONTINUEOOne study report as – WTR 38% ATR 30% Oblique 32%
SEVERITY OF ASTIGMATISMO Classified as follows – Mild Astigmatism <1 D Moderate Astigmatism
1.00 to 2.00 D Severe Astigmatism 2.00
to 3.00 D Extreme Astigmatism
>3.00 D
CLASSIFICATIONO Regular Astigmatism
O Irregular Astigmatism
REGULAR ASTIGMATISM Aeitiology -
1. Corneal Astigmatism2. Lenticular Astigmatism Curvatural, Positional,
Index3. Retinal Astigmatism
TYPES OF REGULAR ASTIGMATISM
O With the rule AstigmatismO Against the AstigmatismO Oblique AstigmatismO Bi-oblique Astigmatism
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REFRACTIVE TYPES OF ASTIGMATISM
O Simple Astigmatism – simple myopic,simple hyperopic astigmatism
O Compound Astigmatism – compound myopic,compound hyperopic astigmatism
O Mixed Astigmatism
CONTINUE
SYMMETRIC ASTIGMATISMO Regular AstigmatismO principal meridian of each
eye have similar but opposite axes
O which together add upto 180±15˚
SYMPTOMS OF REGULAR ASTIGMATISM
O DISTORTION OR BLURRING OF VISION
O ASTHENOPIC SYMPTOMO TILTING OF HEADOSQUINTING OF EYEO READING MATERIAL MAY BE HELD
CLOSE TO EYESOBURNING AND ITCHING SENSATION
IRREGULAR ASTIGMATISMO IRREGULAR CHANGE IN
REFRACTIVE POWER IN DIFFERENT MERIDIAN
O AEITIOLOGICAL TYPE – Corneal irregular Astigmatism Lenticular irregular
Astigmatism Retinal irregular Astigmatism
SYMPTOMS OF IRREGULAR ASTIGMATISM
O DEFECTIVE VISIONO IMAGE DISTORTIONOPOLYOPIA
RESIDUAL ASTIGMATISMO The largest element of the Astigmatism
is due to anterior corneal surfaceO While the other components like – Posterior corneal surface Lens Refractive indicesConstitute the residual AstigmatismRESIDUAL ASTIGMATISM = TOTAL –
CORNEAL ASTIGMATISM
INVESTIGATION OF ASTIGMATISM
I. VA with and without correction monocularly
II. RetinoscopyIII. keratometryIV. keratometry with placido
discV. computerized corneal
topography
CONTINUEO SUBJECTIVE REFRACTION –I. Jacson cross cylinderII. Astigmatic fan and block
techniqueIII. stenopic slitIV. trial and error technique
TREATMENT1. OPTICAL- SPECTACLES CONTACT LENS2. SURGICAL – LASER LASIK 3. KERATOPLASTY
THANK YOU