Asthma
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Transcript of Asthma
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Pharmacotherapy of Bronchial Asthma
Dr.Yeshwanth Rao
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Definition • It is a condition characterized by recurrent, reversible obstruction of the airways in
response to stimuli which may not be themselves
noxious and which do not affect non – asthmatic subjects
• Symptoms - wheeze, shortness of breath and often
nocturnal cough.
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Classification of anti – asthma drugs:A Bronchodilatorsi. Sympathomimetics : - Short acting agents: - salbutamol,
terbutaline, orciprenaline, bambuterol Long acting agents : salmetrol, formoterolii Anti – cholinergics:- ipratropium bromide, oxitropium, tiotropium
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iii Methyl Xanthines: - theophylline, etophylline, aminophyllineB. Anti - inflammatory agents Corticosteroids Systemic : hydrocortisone, prednisolone Inhalational : beclomethasone,
budesonideC. Mast cell stabilizers: Sodium chromoglycate, Nedocromil
sodium Ketotifen
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D. Leukotriene antagonists: Montelukast, zafirlukast,
pranlukastE. 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors: ZilutonF. Anti histamines: Ceterizine, loratidine, azelastine G. Monoclonal antibodies Omalizumab
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• Corticosteroids• act by their broad anti-
inflammatory efficacy, mediated in part by inhibition of production of inflammatory cytokines
• reduce bronchial reactivity and reduce the frequency of asthma exacerbations if taken regularly
• inhibition of the infiltration of asthmatic airways by lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells
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• Clinical Use/status of Corticosteroids• oral and parenteral corticosteroids
are reserved for patients who require urgent treatment
• Regular or "controller" therapy is maintained with aerosol corticosteroids
• (beclomethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone, mometasone, and triamcinolone)
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• They are now routinely prescribed for patients
who require more than occasional inhalations of a agonist for relief of symptoms.
• Adverse effects of inhaled steroids• oropharyngeal candidiasis• (can be reduced by having patients
gargle water and spit after each inhaled
treatment)• Hoarseness of voice
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• Mast cell stabilizers• Cromolyn sodium (disodium
cromoglycate) and nedocromil sodium
• have no effect on airway smooth muscle tone
• Mechanism of Action• alteration in the function of delayed
chloride channels in the cell membrane, inhibiting cell activation (e.g mast cells)
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Severe acute asthma (status asthmaticus)
• Severe acute asthma is a medical emergency
requiring hospitalisation. • Treatment includes oxygen (in high
concentration, usually ε 60%), inhalation of salbutamol
given by nebuliser, and intravenous hydrocortisone followed by a course of oral prednisolone