Assumption University Thailand EE4503 Electrical Systems Design Short-circuit Current 1.
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Transcript of Assumption University Thailand EE4503 Electrical Systems Design Short-circuit Current 1.
Assumption University Thailand
EE4503Electrical Systems Design
Short-circuit Current
1
Assumption University Thailand
Topics
• Term & Definition
• Equivalent Circuits
– Voltage Source
– Impedance
• Short-circuit Calculation
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Assumption University Thailand
Terms & DefinitionShort Circuits in Power Systems
IEC-60909
• Far-from-generator Short Circuit
– Usually in transmission systems / end-users
– Impedance is constant
• Near-to-generator Short Circuit
– System Impedance changes when the short circuit occurred.
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Assumption University Thailand
Terms & DefinitionTypes of Short Circuits
• Three-phase short-circuit
• Double-phase short-circuit without earth/ground connection
• Double-phase short-circuit with earth/ground connection
• Line-to-earth (line-to-ground) short-circuit
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Terms & DefinitionTypes of Short Circuits
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http://www.globalspec.com/reference/26006/203279/chapter-4-calculation-of-short-circuit-current-in-a-c-three-phase-hv-systems
Assumption University Thailand
Terms & DefinitionComponents: DC & AC
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http://ts-dep.web.cern.ch/ts-dep/groups/el/el_tc/netcomput/neplan0.html
Assumption University Thailand
Terms & DefinitionComponents of Short Circuit Currents
• : Initial Symmetrical Short-circuit Current: RMS value of the AC component at the beginning
• : Peak Short-circuit Current: Peak current
(usually happens at the beginning)
• Steady-state Short-circuit Current: RMS
value of the current after the transient period
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Assumption University Thailand
Terms & DefinitionComponents of Short Circuit Currents
• : Symmetrical Short-circuit Breaking Current: RMS of the AC component when the
switching device break the circuit
• : Nominal System Voltage: line to line voltage
(depends on the short circuit type)
• : Initial Symmetrical Short-circuit (Apparent) Power:
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Equivalent Circuits
• Equivalent Voltage Source:
– : Voltage factor is the (standard) factor to find the maximum and minimum voltage.
Approx.: 1.05/0.95 for LV and 1.1/1.0 for HV
• Impedance:
– Depend on the systems: e.g. cable, transformer, generator etc. 9
Assumption University Thailand
Equivalent CircuitsImpedance: Network Feeder
• : Voltage at the considered location
• : Initial Symmetrical Short-circuit (Apparent) Power at the considered location
• : Initial Symmetrical Short-circuit Current
• : Voltage Factor
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Equivalent CircuitsImpedance: Network Feeder
• If transformer exists,
• If there is no specific information regarding the resistance and reactance:
– for overhead cable with the voltage higher than 35kV:
– otherwise: and
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Equivalent CircuitsImpedance: Cable
and
• is resistance per length
• X is reactance per length
• L is length
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Equivalent CircuitsImpedance: Cable (calculation)
•
– : geometric mean distance between conductor
– : frequency
– : number of bundled cables
– : radius of conductor. If bundled cable,
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Assumption University Thailand
Equivalent CircuitsImpedance: table for PVC cables
and
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Size () Resistance()
Reactance()
2.5 7.400 0.155
4 4.625 0.141
6 3.083 0.131
10 1.850 0.121
16 1.156 0.113
25 0.740 0.107
35 0.529 0.103
50 0.370 0.100
Electrical Systems Design: ประสิ�ทธิ์�� พิ�ทยพิ�ฒน์�
Size () Resistance()
Reactance()
70 0.264 0.097
95 0.195 0.096
120 0.154 0.094
150 0.123 0.092
185 0.100 0.091
240 0.077 0.090
300 0.062 0.089
400 0.051 0.088
Assumption University Thailand
Equivalent CircuitsImpedance: table for Busway
and
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Size () Resistance()
Reactance()
225-600 0.1342 0.0350
800 0.0814 0.0216
1000 0.0712 0.0186
1200 0.0568 0.0150
1350 0.0407 0.0112
1600 0.0367 0.0098
2000 0.0292 0.0079
Aluminium
Electrical Systems Design: ประสิ�ทธิ์�� พิ�ทยพิ�ฒน์�
Size () Resistance()
Reactance()
225-600 0.0764 0.0350
800 0.0764 0.0350
1000 0.0623 0.0260
1200 0.0489 0.0261
1350 0.0417 0.0186
1600 0.0328 0.0150
2000 0.0240 0.0112
Copper
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Equivalent CircuitsImpedance: Transformer
and
– , , : rated voltage, current and apparent power
– : copper loss in the transformer
– : percentage impedance of a transformer
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Short-circuit CalculationExample from CoE
• Find Symmetrical Short-circuit power
– Balance Three Phase Short-circuit
– Initial Symmetrical Short-circuit Current is 10kA
– Norminal Voltage is 22kV
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Short-circuit CalculationExample from CoE
• Find Symmetrical Short-circuit power
– Balance Three Phase Short-circuit
– Initial Symmetrical Short-circuit Current is 10kA
– Nominal Voltage is 230kV
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Short-circuit CalculationExample from CoE
• Find the three phase short-circuit current: for a system connecting to an infinite bus through a transformer
– Power rating 3.15MVA,
– Voltage rating 22kV/400-230V
– Impedance Voltage = 8%
04 then
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Assumption University Thailand
Short-circuit CalculationExample from CoE
• Find the three phase short-circuit current: for a system connecting to and a network feeder
– 22kV 3 phase
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Assumption University Thailand
Short-circuit CalculationExample from CoE
• Find the feeder impedance: for a system
connecting to and a network feeder
– 22kV 3 phase
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Assumption University Thailand
• Electrical Systems Design: ประสิ�ทธิ์�� พิ�ทยพิ�ฒน์�• http://www.openelectrical.org/wiki/index.php?
title=Short_Circuit_Calculation
• Calculation of short-circuit currents: Schneider Electric
Reference
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