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Association between Dietary

Carbohydrates and Body Weight

Prepared by:

Joar S. Bonifacio

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Abstract

Association of body mass index (wt (kg)/ht (m2)) and

measures of induced glycemic response

Data: observational study of 572 healthy adults in

Massachusetts

Anthropometric measurements, 7DDR, physical

activity recalls collected quarterly for each subject

1-yearstudy period

Data collection between 1994-1998

Longitudinal studies were conducted

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Abstract

Body mass index was found to be positivelyassociated with glycemic index, percentage ofcalories from carbohydrates, or glycemic load

(glycemic index measure of glycemic response:ingesting of different types of carbohydrates and notdaily carbohydrate intake

Results: type of carbohydrate may be related to body

weight Further research is required implications to weight

management

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Background of the Study

Over the last 20 8yrs, prevalence of obesity

increased despite a decrease in reported

percentage of energy intake derived from daily

fat intake

Issues of dietary self report not withstanding-

factors other than dietary fat intake may be

responsible for observed increase in obesity

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Background of the Study

Glycemic index allows comparison of

different foods based on physiologic effects

rather on chemical composition

Positve association between glycemic index

and body weight shown in short term

experimental and long term observational

studies

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Background of the Study

Possible biologic mechanisms of glycemic index

on body weight: insulin levels, hunger, satiation

Used longitudinal data from Season Variation of

Blood Cholesterol Study(magnitude, timing of

seasonal blood lipid changes - including variation

in diet and physical activity) to evaluate

relationship bet BMI and carbohydrate relateddietary factors while controlling effect of physical

acytivity and energy intake

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Background of the Study

Carbohydrate related dietary factors (glycemic

index, glycemic load, dailuy carbohydrate

intake, percentage of calories from

carbohydrates)

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Materials and Methods

Subject recruitment and study design

o Residents of Worcester County, Massachusettes

o

20-70 yrs, generally healthyo Recruited bet December 1994-February 1997

o Approved by review boards of Fallon Healthcare

System and University of Massachusettes Medical

School

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Materials and Methods

Assessment of diet

oUse of 7-day dietary recall (7DDR)

o

Nutrient scores such as total caloric andcarbohydrate intake were computed from7DDR

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Materials and Methods

Physical activity assessment

o Physical activity patterns 24-hour recall

interviews w/in 42-day window surrounding each

visit

o 3 unannounced 24-hour recalls trained registerd

dieticians\

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Materials and Methods

Assessment of Body Weight

o Relative mass expressed as BMI

Assessment of demographic chracteristics

Calculation of glycemic index and glycemic load

from 7DDR

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Materials and Methods

Statistical Methods

o Chi-square tests or t test

o

Exploratory graphic techniqueso Fractional polynomial regression

o Distinction of cross-sectional(bet-subjhe