ENGINE TYPEApetrol engine(known as agasoline engine) is aninternal combustion enginewithspark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels.In most petrol engines, the fuel and air are usually pre-mixed before compression (although some modern petrol engines now use cylinder-direct petrol injection). The pre-mixing was formerly done in acarburetor. Mitsubishi Lancer 2005 has an engine code of 4G19 with following engine specs 1.4 L4G33I4 (gasoline) 4-inline engine cylinder having (73 x 86) mm bore and stroke. There was also an MCA-Jet equipped G33B developed to fulfill the 1978 Unleaded fuel 87 Fuel consumption: EPA urban (mpg): 25, country/highway (mpg): 31 and combined (mpg): 27 Fuel economy EPA highway (mpg): 31 and EPA city (mpg): 25 Multi-point injection fuel system 13.2 gallon main unleaded fuel tank Power: 89 kW , 120 HP SAE @ 5,500 rpm; 130 ft lb , 176 Nm @ 4,250 rpm

ENGINE CYLINDERAcylinderis the central working part of areciprocating engine, the space in which apistontravels.Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, orengine block, which is typicallycastfromaluminumorcast ironbefore receiving precision machine work. Cylinders may besleeved(linedwith a hardermetal) orsleeveless(with a wear-resistant coating such asNikiski). A sleeveless engine may also be referred to as a "patent-bore engineMitsubishi has sleeved engine cylinder walls made up of aluminum having dimensions of 73mm bore and 86 mm stroke

VALVE SYSTEMThe valve train consists of the valves and a mechanism that opens and closes them. The opening and closing system is called a camshaft. The camshaft has lobes on it that move the valves up and down, as shown in figure

Most modern engines have what are called overhead cams. This means that the camshaft is located above the valves, as you see in Figure. The cams on the shaft activate the valves directly or through a very short linkage. Older engines used a camshaft located in the sump near the crankshaft.Rodslinked the cam below tovalve liftersabove the valves. This approach has more moving parts and also causes more lag between the cam's activation of the valve and the valve's subsequent motion. Atiming beltor timing chain links the crankshaft to the camshaft so that the valves are in sync with the pistons. The camshaft isgearedto turn at one-half the rate of the crankshaft. Many high-performance engines have four valves per cylinder (two for intake, two for exhaust), and this arrangement requires two camshafts per bank of cylinders, hence the phrase "dual overhead cams."Mitsubishi uses MIVEC valve system for its models from 2005 to 2012. MIVEC (Mitsubishi Innovative Valve timing Electronic Control system)is thebrand nameof avariable valve timing(VVT)engine technology developed byMitsubishi Motors. MIVEC, as with other similar systems, varies the timing of the intake and exhaust camshafts which increases the power and torque output over a broad engine speed range while also being able to help spool a turbocharger more quickly. MIVEC was first introduced in 1992 in their4G92power plant. The conventional4G92engine provided 145PS (107kW; 143hp) at 7000rpm,the MIVEC-equipped engine could achieve 175PS (129kW; 173hp) at 7500rpm.

MIVEC-MD:In the early years of developing its MIVEC technology, Mitsubishi also introduced a variant dubbed MIVEC-MD (Modulated Displacement),a form ofvariable displacement. Under a light throttle load, the intake and exhaust valves in two of the cylinders would remain closed, and the reduced pumping losses gave a claimed 1020 percent improvement in fuel economy. Modulated Displacement was dropped around 1996.TRANSMISSION SYSTEMAmachineconsists of a power source and a power transmission system, which provides controlled application of the power. Merriam-Webster definestransmissionas an assembly of parts including the speed-changing gears and the propeller shaft by which the power is transmitted from an engine to a live axle.Oftentransmissionrefers simply to thegearboxthat uses gearsandgear trainsto providespeedandtorqueconversions from a rotating power source to another device.Mitsubishi lancer offers three types of transmission system4-speedmanual (super shift transmission).5-speed manual.3-speedautomatic.Super Shift Transmission:TheSuper Shifttransmission, also marketed as Twin-Stick, was amanualtransaxletransmission developed byMitsubishi Motors in late 1970s. The Super Shift gearbox was developed from a standard five-speed manual transmission for use in the first generationMitsubishi Mirage, the company's firstfront wheel drivemodel.As the transmission was mounted beneath the engine, the gearbox needed to take power down from the clutch. It was not possible to do this directly as this would have meant that the gearbox rotated in the opposite direction to that required, and therefore the use of an extra 'idle' shaft was required. It was subsequently realized that this shaft could be modified as a separate 2-speed gearbox, which would be controlled by a secondary shift lever mounted alongside the main gear shift lever inside the cabin.5-Speed Manual:Mitsubishi lancer also comes in 5 speed manual transmission. Amanual transmission, also known as amanual gearbox, stick shift(for vehicles with hand-lever shifters),standard transmission,n-speed manual(ndepending on gears) or colloquially astick(for hand-shifters), is a type oftransmissionused in motor vehicleapplications. It uses a driver-operatedclutchengaged and disengaged by a foot pedal (automobile) or hand lever (motorcycle), for regulatingtorquetransfer from theengineto the transmission; and agear selectoroperated by hand (automobile) or by foot (motorcycle).CVTTransmission:Mitsubishi lancer 2005 model also comes in CVT transmission system and it was the first vehicle to use this transmission system. Acontinuously variable transmission(CVT), (also known assingle-speed transmission,gearless transmission,one-speed automatic,variable pulley transmission, or in case of motorcycles, atwist-and-go) is atransmissionthat can change seamlessly through an infinite number of effectivegear ratiosbetween maximum and minimum values. This contrasts with other mechanical transmissions that offer a fixed number of gear ratios. The flexibility of a CVT allows theinputshaft to maintain a constantangular velocity.

BRAKING SYSTEM

Most modern cars have disc brakes on the front wheels, and some have disc brakes on all four wheels. This is the part of the brake system that does the actual work of stopping the car.The most common type of disc brake on modern cars is the single-piston floating caliper.Abrakeis amechanical devicewhich inhibits motion, slowing or stopping a moving object or preventing its motion. And the system which performs this process is known as Braking System.

There are mainly two types of braking system used in automobiles:1) Drum brake.2) Disc brake. Drum Brake:Adrum brakeis abrakethat usesfrictioncaused by a set ofshoesorpadsthat press against a rotating drum-shaped part called a brake drum.

Disc Brake:Adisc brakeis a wheel brake that slows rotation of the wheel by the friction caused by pushingbrake padsagainst abrake discwith a set ofcalipers. Disk brake system is used in Mitsubishi Lancer 2005 for brakes.

FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Fuel injectionis a system for admittingfuelinto aninternal combustion engine.It has become the primary fuel delivery system used inautomotiveengines having replacedcarburetorsduring the 1980s and 1990s. A variety of injection systems have existed since the earliest usage of the internal combustion engine.The primary difference between carburetors and fuel injection is that fuel injectionatomizesthe fuel by forcibly pumping it through a small nozzle under high pressure, while a carburetor relies onsuctioncreated by intake air accelerated through a Venture tubeto draw the fuel into the airstream.A variety of injection systems have existed since the earliest usage of the internal combustion engine.A fuel injection system is designed and calibrated specifically for the type(s) of fuel it will handle. Most fuel injection systems are for gasoline ordieselapplications.

Working Principle:The fuel injector is only a nozzle and a valve: the power to inject the fuel comes from apumpor a pressure container farther back in the fuel supply.

This is a fuel injection system of Mitsubishi Lancer 2005 having 4 stroke Petrol engine and 4 nozzles are used for fuel injection.Cooling System

Internal combustion engine coolinguses either air or a liquid to remove the waste heat from aninternal combustion engine. Cooling systems are of mainly two types:1) Air-cooling system.2) Liquid cooling system.

Air-cooling system:In these systems, engines are cooled by the air which flows nearby to the engine and thus extra heat is moved away by the process of convection. Air-cooling systems are commonly used in small airplanes.

Liquid Cooling System:In this cooling system, a liquid coolant runs through a heat exchanger (radiator) that is cooled by the air. Most liquid-cooled engines use a mixture of water and chemicals such asantifreezeand rust inhibitors. Normally, a liquid with different properties, such aspropylene glycolor a combination of propylene glycol andethylene glycol.

Mitsubishi Lancer Radiator Fan is found immediately in front of vehicle's radiator and sends fresheroutdoor air around the radiator fins. Its Radiator Fan is turned by belts and is built out of either metalor plastic and is normally guarded by a plastic or metal shroud. The Mitsubishi Lancer Radiator Fan drives cool exterior air intothe radiator to increase the cooling process. A Mitsubishi Lancer Radiator Fan boosts air flow through the radiator so that thecoolant is successfully cooled. Mitsubishi Lancer Radiator Fans facilitate the circulation of cooler air through the car's coolingsystem, especially when the automobile is not in motion.SUSPENSION SYSTEM

Suspensionis the system ofsprings,shock absorbersandlinkagesthat connects avehicleto itswheelsand allows relative motion between the two.There are two purposes of a suspension system:1) It allows the vehicle's handlingand braking for good active safety and driving pleasure.2) It keeps the vehicle occupants comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road noise, bumps, and vibrations, etc.The design of front andrear suspensionof a car may be different.Obviously any four wheel vehicle needs suspension for both the front wheels and the rear suspension, but in two wheel drive vehicles these can be very different configuration. For front wheel driverear suspension has few constraints and a variety ofbeam axlesandindependent suspensionare used. Rare wheel drive cares rear suspension has many constraints and the development of the superior but more expensiveindependent suspensionlayout has been difficult.Four-wheel driveoften has suspensions that are similar for both the front and rear wheels. There are different types of suspension system used in vehicles The rare suspension on a truck

Mitsubishi lancer offers solid axle suspension system

HOW CAR SUSPENSIONS WORKThe job of a car suspension is to maximize the friction between thetiresand the road surface, to provide steering stability with good handling and to ensure the comfort of the passengers.if a road were perfectly flat, with no irregularities, suspensions wouldn't be necessary. But roads are far from flat. Even freshly paved highways have subtle imperfections that can interact with the wheels of a car. It's these imperfections that apply forces to the wheels. According to Newton's laws of motion, all forces have both magnitudeanddirection. A bump in the road causes the wheel to move up and down perpendicular to the road surface. The magnitude, of course, depends on whether the wheel is striking a giant bump or a tiny speck. Either way, the car wheel experiences avertical accelerationas it passes over an imperfection.Without an intervening structure, all of wheel's vertical energy is transferred to the frame, which moves in the same direction. In such a situation, the wheels can lose contact with the road completely. Then, under the downward force ofgravity the wheels can slam back into the road surface. What you need is a system that will absorb the energy of the vertically accelerated wheel, allowing the frame and body to ride undisturbed while the wheels follow bumps in the road.DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM MECHANISMDefinition: Adifferentialis a particular type of simpleplanetary gear trainthat has the property that the angular velocity of its carrier is the average of the angular velocities of its sun and annular gears. This is accomplished by packaging the gear train so it has afixed carrier train ratioR = -1, which means the gears corresponding to the sun and annular gears are the same size. This can be done by engaging the planet gears of two identical and coaxialepicyclical gear trainsto form aspur gear differential. Another approach is to usebevel gearsfor the sun and annular gears and a bevel gear as the planet, which is known as abevel gear differential.

Application In Automobiles:Inautomobilesand other wheeled vehicles, the differential allows the outer drive wheel to rotate faster than the inner drive wheel during a turn. This is necessary when the vehicle turns, making the wheel that is traveling around the outside of the turning curve roll farther and faster than the other. The average of the rotational speed of the two driving wheel equals the input rotational speed of the drive shaft. An increase in the speed of one wheel is balanced by a decrease in the speed of the other.There are different types of differential system used in vehicles according to their requirement. Four wheel drive needs separate differential system than two wheel drive. Mitsubishi uses spur gear differential system in their most vehicles.