PROJECT PREPARATION FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF

COMMERCIAL ORCHARD OF JACKFRUIT

Submitted To:- Dr.S.Sengupta (Dept. of Horticulture)

Submitted by :- Ruby kumari(M.sc 1st sem ,Hort.)

Subject:- FSC-501

birsa agricultural university Faculty of agriculture

Ranchi-834006 ( Jharkhand )

TITLE:- Project preparation for establishment of commercial orchard of jackfruit with special reference to Jharkhand.

INTRODUCTION:- The fruit of the jack (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is one of the popular fruits in India, where the total area under this fruit is about 13,460 ha.

BACKGROUND:-

1.ORIGIN:- The jackfruit is believed indigenous to the rain forests of the Western Ghats of India. It spread early on to other parts of India, southeast Asia, the East Indies and ultimately the Philippines. It is often planted in central and eastern Africa and is fairly popular in Brazil and Surinam.

2. AREA & PRODUCTION:- India is the second largest producer of Fruits after China, with a production of 44.04 million tonnes of fruits from an area of 3.72 million hectares

3. Economic Importance:- Ripe jackfruit is naturally sweet with subtle flavouring. It can be used to make a variety of dishes, including custards, cakes. Seeds from ripe fruits are edible and are prepared by boiling in salted water for about 25 minutes. They have a milky, sweet taste. In many parts of India, roasted salted seed is also eaten and considered a delicacy. The skin of unripe jack fruit must be peeled first and discarded, then the whole fruit can be chopped into edible portions and cooked to be eaten. The raw young fruit is not edible.

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY: 1. Agro-climatic requirements: = Jackfruit grows in

a wide range of tropical to subtropical environments. It is most common in lowland forests upto 250 m (820 ft), decreasing in abundance up to 1000m above sea level; it thrives best in moist tropical environments below 1000 m (3300 ft). It favors environments with a uniform rainfall pattern.

2. Soils requirement:= Jackfruit grows best in well drained, deep soils of moderate fertility but tolerates a wide range of soils including shallow limestone, sand, and rocky substrates. The tree does not tolerate water stagnation or poor drainage. If the roots touch stagnant water, the tree fails to bear fruit, or it may die.

3. Propagation := Jackfruit seedlings are very easy to grow. Seedlings develop very quickly, reaching 25 cm (10 in) in height within 3–4 months. Seeds are cross-pollinated and therefore not

true-to-type, so grafting known varieties onto rootstocks is often done, especially for commercial production where a uniform product with the best market qualities is important. Because the seeds are large and grow quickly and their root systems are sensitive to damage during transplanting, direct-seeding in the field can give the best results. Fieldsown seedlings can be top-worked (grafted) with select varieties once they are established. Propagation by vegetative means such as cuttings and air-layering is also possible, although uncommon.

4. Varieties Cultivated:= I. 'Singapore', or 'Ceylon'

II. 'Safeda',III. 'Khaja',IV. 'Bhusila',V. 'Bhadaiyan' and

VI. 'Handia'

5. Planting:= The plants of jackfruit should be planted in a square system (hexagonal if the soil is less fertile) 12m apart.  June-August is ideal time for planting.  The tap root system along with plants should not be disturbed while planting.  The young plants should be protected from stray goats and cattle.  Protective irrigations are necessary initially at 12-15 days intervals depending on soil and climate conditions.  The plants should be trained by removing lower branches. 

Planting Season:= Planting is usually done in the month of July-August in rainfed areas and during February-March in irrigated areas. In case of heavy rainfall zones, planting is taken up at the end of rainy season. Spacing:= The planting distance is 10m. x 10m. and 12m. x 12m. in dry and moist zones respectively. In the model scheme, a spacing of 8m. x 8m. with a population of 63 plants per acre has been considered which was observed to be common in areas covered during a field study. Training of Plants:= Training of plants in the initial stages of growth is very important to give them a proper shape specially in cases where the graft has branched too low. Nutrition:= Its plants need adequate nutrition for regular and good cropping.  Apply 80kg farmyard manure to a tree annually along with chemical fertilizers.  For obtaining higher productivity

Recommended fertilizer schedule for jackfruit Age of the plant (in years) Nitrogen Phosphate Potash1-3 200 400 6004-7 120 240 3007 & above 60 120 180

Irrigation:= The frequency and amount of irrigation to be provided depends on the type of soil, prevailing climatic conditions, rainfall and its distribution and lastly the age of the trees. No irrigation is

required during the monsoon months unless there are long spells of drought.Age of the plant (in years) /Growth stage

Irrigation schedule

1 Irrigated at an interval of 2-3 days during dry season.

2 Irrigation interval- 4-5 days .

5-8/fruit set to maturity Irrigated after every 10-15 daysFull bearing stage 2-3 irrigations after fruit set.

Inter-cropping := The partial shade loving crops likepineapple, ginger, turmeric etc. can be cultivated in fully grown orchards. In addition to field crops, some short duration , less exhaustive and dwarf type inter- fillers like papaya, guava, peach, plum etc. can be grown till these do not interfere with the main mango crop .It is advisable to take vegetable crops as inter crops for better returns.The average cost of inter cropping would be Rs.10,000 / Acre and it would yield on an average of 6 tonnes / Acres.

Plant Protection Measures:= PEST & DISEASES:= Principal insect pests in India are the : Shoot-borer caterpillar, Diaphania caesalis; Mealybugs. Nipaecoccus viridis, The spittle bug, Cosmoscarta relata, Jack scale, Ceroplastes rubina. The stem and fruit borer, Margaronia caecalis, and The brown bud-weevil, Ochyromera artocarpio.Diseases of importance include Pink disease, Pelliculana (Corticium) salmonicolor, Stem rot, Rhizopus artocarpi; Gray blight, Pestalotia elasticola, Charcoal rot, Ustilana zonata, Collar rot, Rosellinia arcuata,

Harvesting and Yield:= Fruits mature 3 to 8 months from flowering. Tender jackfruits are harvested for use as vegetables during early spring and summer until tile seeds harden. The fruit matures towards the end of summer in June. Period of fruit development is February to June. Harvesting is done by cutting off the stalks carrying the fruits. Bearing in jackfruit starts from tile seventh to eighth year when a few fruits may develop. The tree reaches its peak bearing stage within fifteen to sixteen years after planting. Yield is not similar every year. Normally, a tree bears a few to 250 fruits annually at this stage. The weight of tile fruit varies widely depending on tile type. r Individual jackfruit may weigh up to 50 kg.

POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT:= Storage := Jackfruit is not normally stored in cold storage. It has a good storage quality because of its thick peel. A storage life of about 6 weeks is expected when tile temperature is 10.1 to l2.7°C and humidity between 85 to 90 per cent. The initial quality and stage of - maturity at harvest are important factors on which the storage life depends.

Transportation := Road transport by trucks is the most popular mode of transport due to easy approach from orchards to the market. MARKETING:= Marketing of the produce is mainly controlled by intermediaries like wholesalers and commission agents. Because of its good storage quality, it can be transported to distant places for marketing. It does not need any packing or wrapping before sending to markets.

TECHNOLOGY SOURCES:= · Central Institute for Sub-tropical Horticulture, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, Tel (0522)-2841022/1023.

· Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta, Bangalore-560089, Karnataka, Tel (080)-28466471/6353.

. Birsa agricultural university,Kanke,Ranchi-834006.

Economics of Cultivation :=

COST OF PROJECT

Sl.No.

Component ProposedExpenditure(in thousand)

1. Cultivation Expenses(i) Cost of planting material 2,000ii) Manures & fertilizers 5,000iii) Insecticides & pesticides 2,000(iv) Cost of Labour 8,400(v) Others, if any, (Power) 3,600Subtotal 21,000

2. Irrigationi) Tube-well/submersible pump 45,000ii) Cost of Pipeline -(iii) Others, if any, please specify -Subtotal 45,000

3. Cost of Drip/Sprinkler 25,000

4. Infrastructurei) Store & pump house 15,000ii) Labour room 5,000iii) Agriculture Equipments 5,400Subtotal 25,400

5. Land Developmenti) Soil Leveling 5,400(ii) Fencing 29,600Subtotal 33,600

6. Land, if newly purchased (Please indicate the year)*Grand Total 1,50,000

*Cost of newly purchased land will be limited to one-tenth of the total project cost

The major components of the model are:Land Development: (Rs.4.0 thousand): This is the labour cost ofshaping and dressing the land site and developing a layout.

Fencing (Rs.29.60 thousand): It is necessary to guard the orchard by barbed wire fencing to safeguard the valuable produce from poaching.

Irrigation Infra-structure (Rs.45 thousand): For effective working with drip irrigation system, it is necessary to install a bore well with diesel/electric pumpset and motor. This is part cost oftube-well.

Drip Irrigation & Fertigation System (Rs.25.0 thousand): This is average cost of one acre drip system for mango inclusive of the cost of fertigation equipment. The actual cost will vary depending on location, plant population and plot geometry.

Equipment/Implements (Rs.5.4 thousand): For investment on improved manually operated essential implements a provision of another Rs.10 thousand is included.

Building and Storage (Rs.20.0 thousand): A one acre orchard would require minimally a labour shed and a store-cum pump house.

Cultivation (Rs.21.0 thousand): This is to cover costs of land preparation and planting operations, planting material, inputsand power. Labour cost has been put at an average of Rs.70 per man-day. The actual cost will vary from location to location depending upon minimum wage levels or prevailing wage levels for skilled andunskilled labour.

Returns from the Project: In the development stage returnsfrom inter-cropping are estimated at Rs.25,000 annually. The yieldfrom the plantation is estimated at 5 tonnes in the first year of bearingrising to 7 tonnes. The produce has been valued at Rs. 10,000 per tonne in this exercise.

Project Financing: Balance Sheet: The projected balance sheet of the model is given at AnnexureIII .There would be three sources of financing theproject as below:

Source Rs. ThousandFarmr’s share 75.00Capital subsidy 30.00Term loan 45.00Total 150.00

Profit & Loss Account: The cash flow statement may be seenin Annexure IV. Annexure V. projects the profit and loss account of the model. Gross profit increases from Rs.25.5 thousand per annum to Rs.43.3 thousand per annum in the first three years of bearing andthereafter more or less stabilize.

Annexure-I

ESTIMATED PROJECT COST (Rs. in thousand)

Sr.No.

Particulars Scale Unit Cost

TotalQty Cost

1. LAND & SITE DEVELOPMENT 1

LAND AcreCost of DevelopmentLand DevelopmentLevelling & Dressing Acre 4,000 1 4.00Fencing & Gates Per Rft. 35 846 29.60

Sub Total 33.60

2. BUILDINGStore / Pump House Sq Ft. 150 100 15.00Labour Shed Sq Ft. 100 50 5.00

Sub Total 20.00

3. PLANT & MACHINERYIrrigation systemBorewell Nos. 25000 1 25.00SIP sets & Electrical Installation LS 20000 1 20.00Drip Irrigation inc. Fertigation system

LS 25000 1 25.00

Farm Equipment Machinery LS 5400 1 5.40Sub Total 75.40

4. COST OF CULTIVATIONLand Preparation / Planting 4.20Planting Material 2.00Input Cost 7.00Power Cost 3.60Other Farm Operations 7.20

Sub Total 21.00

Total 150.00

Annexure-II

COST OF PRODUCTION & PROFITABILITY (Rs. in thousand)

Particulars Year-I

Year-II

Year-III

Year-IV

Year-V to XV

Income 50.00 60.00 70.00 70.00 70.00Sales 50.00 60.00 70.00 70.00 70.00Cost 24.50 25.60 26.70 26.70 26.70Fixed 24.50 25.60 26.70 26.70 26.70Manure/fertilizers/chemicals

10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Direct Labour cost 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20Other cost 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60Harvesting & transportation cost

6.20 7.30 8.40 8.40 8.40

General expenses 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50Gross profit 25.50 34.40 43.30 43.30 43.30Depreciation 6.80 6.80 6.80 6.80 6.80Interest -term loan 5.40 5.40 5.20 4.20 3.20Pre-operative Exp. W/OProfit before tax 13.30 22.20 31.30 32.30 33.30Taxes - - - - -

Profit After Taxes 13.30 22.20 31.30 32.30 33.30Retained Profit 13.30 22.20 31.30 32.30 33.30Net cash Accrual 20.10 29.00 38.10 39.10 40.10

Annexure-III

PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET (Rs. in thousands)

Particulars Year 0 Year I Year II Year III Year IV

LIABILITIESFarmer's Share 75.00 75.00 75.00 75.00 75.00Capital Subsidy 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00Reserves & Surpluses - 13.30 35.50 66.80 99.10Term Loan 45.00 45.00 36.80 28.60 20.50Total 150.00 163.30 177.30 200.40 224.50

ASSETSFixed Assets 150.00 150.00 143.20 136.40 129.60Less Depreciation - 6.80 6.80 6.80 6.80Net Block 150.00 120.1043.2

0136.40 129.60 122.70

Cash & Bank Balance - 20.10 40.90 70.90 101.80Total 150.00 163.30 177.30 200.40 224.50

Annexure-IV

CASH FLOW STATEMENT (Rs. in thousand)

PARTICULARS Year 0 Year I Year II Year III Year IVSOURCES OF FUNDSIncrease in Farmer's Share 75.00 - - - -Net Profit - 13.28 22.18 31.32 32.31Increase in Subsidy 30.00 - - - -Depreciation - 6.82 6.82 6.82 6.82Increase in Term Loan 45.00 - - - -Total 150.00 20.10 29.00 38.15 39.13DEPLOYMENTIncrease in Fixed Assets 150.00 - - - -Decrease in Term Loan - - 8.18 8.18 8.18Total 150.00 - 8.19 8.19 8.19Opening Balance - - 20.10 40.90 70.85Surplus/Deficit - 20.10 20.81 29.95 30.94Closing Balance - 20.10 40.90 70.85 101.79

Annexure-V

PROJECTED PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT (Rs. in thousands)

Particulars Year I Year II Year III Year IV Year V

Sales Realisation 50.00 60.00 70.00 70.00 70.00

Total Costs 24.50 25.60 26.70 26.70 26.70

Gross Profit 25.50 34.40 43.30 43.30 43.30

Depreciation 6.80 6.80 6.80 6.80 6.80Pre-Operative Expenses W/O - - - - -Interest on Term Loan 5.40 5.40 5.20 4.20 3.20Profit before Tax 13.30 22.20 31.30 32.30 33.30Taxes - - - - -

Profit after Tax 13.30 22.20 31.30 32.30 33.30

Retained Profit 13.30 22.20 31.30 32.30 33.30

Net Cash Accruals 20.10 29.00 38.10 39.10 40.10

PROFIT & LOSS ACCOUNTOpening Balance 0.00 13.30 35.50 66.80 99.10

Closing Balance 13.30 35.50 66.80 99.10 132.40