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TASK: REPORT ON THE LEARNING RESOURCES
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IntroductionLearning resources are primarily any tool that facilitates the process of learning for both the
teachers and the students. Learning resources in contemporary times are more than outdated
study materials and its effectiveness is dominated by the variation in the teaching process and
innovative learning materials. Every individual has its own learning needs and learning style. In
a similar manner, every teacher uses different teaching and learning resources that indicates
towards the effectiveness of the teaching process. This report attempts to shed light upon
different teaching and learning resources during the teaching practice in the time of the teacher
training. Along with the purpose of the resources, this report also present a detailed analysis of
different learning and teaching techniques and resources in order to understand the effectiveness
of using different innovative learning resources.
Purpose of resources in teaching and learningLearning resources are often considered as educational materials for instance long and tedious
printed classroom textbooks with outdated information and content which can primarily covers
the breadth of any particular subject but it often fails to cover the depth of the subject. Learning
resources are more than that and it can be summed up as various tools that provide the teachers
with the opportunity of teaching effectively in order to offer an easier learning process to the
students (Savery, 2015).
Teaching materials or learning resources are designed mainly to support teaching and learning in
different contexts. The major purpose of learning and teaching resources is to provide a source of
learning experience that is effective enough to invoke interaction among students and teachers in
the learning or teaching process (Savery, 2015). An effective learning resource has the ability of
helping the students in the learning process and broaden the learning experience of the students
along with meeting the learning needs of the students.
Effective usage of proper learning resources help the students to construct more than superficial
knowledge that is building in depth knowledge on a particular subject and also developing their
individual learning strategies, values, attitudes and generic skills. It is important to use proper
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learning resources in the teaching process in order to build a solid foundation for lifelong
learning.
Effectiveness of specific resources in meeting individual learning needs in
teaching and learning contextClassification of learning and teaching resources
In this age of technological advancement learning and teaching resources are not confined to
textbooks and they are available in several different forms like reference books, workbooks,
worksheets, web-based learning materials, computer based learning, structured coursework and
audio-visual teaching aids. Libraries and learning communities also serve as effective tools in the
natural environment of learning (Savery, 2015). Specific learning resources have their own
credibility in meeting individual learning needs and few of the effective resources that are used
in the senior secondary curriculum are evaluated below in order understand their individual
effectiveness.
● Textbooks
Textbooks are considered to be the primary learning resource that provides the learners core
elements of learning in the subjects that are recommended by the Curriculum
Development Council. Selection of the textbooks is an important process as textbooks are
mainly used as the primary tool to develop the critical and creative perspective of the
students along with their other generic skills thorough activities and information provided
in the textbooks.
Experts have opined that quality textbooks have the ability to assist the teachers by providing a
one stop shop for the aiding materials that are helpful in planning the scope and sequence
of their teaching (Savery, 2015).
Selecting appropriate textbooks is important for effective learning and the following guidelines
need to be followed:
1. It is of sheer significance that the selected textbook is in line with the aims and
objectives of the curriculum and contains the core elements of the curriculum.
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2. A textbook needs to be potent enough so that it can provide the students with a
range of materials at several difficulty levels and increase their ability of problem
solving along with developing different perspectives in them.
3. It also needs to enhance the generic skills and motivate the students by
stimulating curiosity regarding the subject.
4. The primary education offered by the textbook broadens the scope of will of
further learning among the learners. It also brings forth the scope of individual
learning and encourage self-access.
Apart from the primary learning resources the table below sheds light on the resources that can
be used in teaching the learners in an outdoor environment.
Resource Meeting individual learning needs
Worksheet
e.g. measuring the velocity of train● This learning resource is effective as it
can be adapted to suit the individual
learning needs of the students such as
dyslexia.
● This can also be discussed in order to
suit the aural learning preferences.
● Provides the opportunity for the
learners to include their own notes on
the sheet.
● Can be performed individually and in
groups. Therefore it provides a chance
for individual learning as well as ability
of team work in a group.
ID guides ● Supports the preferences of visual
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learning.
● Different ID guides meet different
learning needs in accordance to its
design.
● Extra time for individual learning can
be provided.
The natural environment ● More interesting to suit the learners
who find the classroom learning tedious
and boring
● Increase the concentration of the
learners facing issues regarding
concentrating in a confined classroom.
● Suits a range of learning preferences
● Provides a new learning experience to
the learners.
Community resources ● Enriches learning experience of the
students
● Builds the ability to learn via listening
activities
● Enhances practical knowledge of the
students.
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Principles of resource designLearning resource design is a design of learning experience. The primary purpose of resource
designing is to support a particular learning goal or objective or in order o address a defined
challenge or problem in a particular learning environment (Beetham and Sharpe, 2013). Effective
learning design is a result of productive collaboration among the content experts, learning
practitioners and learners. Learning resource designing is guided by few principles and they are;
● Respect
The prime motif of this principle is to honour the intention, experience and expertise of the
teacher and help one to achieve the goals by leveraging used learning resources.
● Iteration
It primarily indicates small step development along with early and frequent feedbacks. This is
necessary in order t provide a resource design that supports in achieving the goals.
● Collaboration
Collaboration is supported through clear roles, documentation and decision making principles.
● Efficiency and effectiveness
In order to learn from the resources in is important to develop focus along with that provide the
learners with usable resources as quickly as possible.
● Sustainability
Sustainability of any learning design or project is dependent on the consideration.
Usage of theories, principle and models of inclusive curriculum design in
informing resource developmentAccording to Dale’s Cone of Learning, it has been proved that the learners retain more
information by doing or performing an activity rather than hearing, reading or observing. For
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outdoor practitioners it is important to incorporate the moot principles of this theory as it
facilitates the process of providing several opportunities for the outdoor learners to participate in
various activities in order to increase their practical learning through ‘doing’ rather than reading
and hearing (Prosser and Trigwell, 1999). For examples, learners can read or have a basic
knowledge of habitats but it is important for their lifelong learning to experience the habitat and
it helps in retaining their knowledge and also invokes their curious spirit. Experiencing a habitat
like woodland and participating in the learning experiences and activities that are associated with
the specific habitat can result in long lasting remembrance of the particular lesson. The following
figure helps in understanding the effectiveness on Dale’s Cone of Learning and Experience.
Figure 1: Cone of Learning
Source: (Savery, 2015)
The teaching and learning cycle is consisted of identifying learning needs of the students, plan
and designing the lesson, delivering, assess and evaluation. The theory of Inclusive Curriculum
as defined by John Kerr is all the learning processes which are planned and guided by any
educational institutions whether it is carried on in groups or individually and it can be applied to
both inside and outside the institution (Savery, 2015). Curriculum theory is considered to be
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successful approach in the light of Aristotle’s influential classification of knowledge into three
different disciplines, which are the theoretical, the practical and the productive.
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Figure 2: different disciplines
Source: (self developed)
In higher education the term curriculum and programme are used interchangeably and it is used
in order to indicate the following:
● The structure and content of a unit or a subject
● The structure and content of a programme of a study
● The experience of the students of learning
● A dynamic and interactive process of learning and teaching
Sources of resource developmentIn a particular or specialized area in order to inform resource development, it is important to
evaluate the sources that are associated with resource development (Savery, 2015). The first step
of the process is to identify the sources.
Identification of resources
● Awarding body
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Syllabus Process Product
Praxis
● Industry
● Colleagues
● Institutional
● Online teaching resources
Criteria for evaluating the resourcesLearning resources can be evaluated using the technique CRAAP which indicates currency,
relevance, authority, accuracy and purpose (Lage, Platt and Treglia, 2000).
This is an effective technique as it provides a scope for necessary evaluation of the learning
resources. It is important to analyze the timeliness of a particular information in order to provide
current and revised information to the learners (César and Santos, 2006). Te next step is to
evaluate the relevance of the information. As there are many learning resources and they often
vary from one other, it is important to analyze the relevance of the resource along with the source
of the information. After the authority it is important to judge the accuracy of the information in
order to understand the reliability, correctness and truthfulness of the content. The last step is to
understand the purpose of the information that indicates the reason behind the existence of the
information.
Designing resources In order to design a learning resource it is important to consider the curriculum, ID framework
and the technological specifications. In order to understand the design of the learning resource
used in the teaching process following table has been provided.
Climate Identification
of the learners
Assessment style Learning tasks Instructional
strategies
● Inclusive ● learnin ● traditiona ● group ● cooperativ
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● Stimulatin
g
● Challengin
g
● Complex
● questionin
g
g styles
● thinkin
g styles
of the
student
s
l
assessme
nt style
● authentic
assessme
nt
● assessme
nt based
on
learning
needs of
the
learners
activities
● pairing
activities
● presentatio
n
● small
groups
● individual
tasks
e learning
● culturally
relevant
and
responsiv
e
● responsiv
e to the
learning
styles of
the
individual
s
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The following figure presents the designing process of the learning resource for a particular
learning material.
Figure 3: development of resource
Source: (self generated)
Employment of resourcesOne of the most effective learning resource that can help in enhancing the classroom learning
experience of the students is incorporating multimedia resources (Lacey, 2001). In the classroom
teaching employing a particular learning resource needs to be done carefully in accordance with
the identified learning needs of the students. Employing this particular resource in the classroom
learning activity suits with the learning needs of the maximum learners and it has following
advantages in the learning of the students:
● It is flexible and easily adaptable by the learners and most of the learners have gained
advantage of this learning resource.
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● It provides the students with multi-sensory experience
● It connects the learners and increases the possibility of the learners and the teachers.
Ways of adapting resources to enable inclusive approachInclusive teaching and learning indicate towards the modes of learning and teaching which are
designed in order to actively engage and include the students in the classroom activities. In order
to enable inclusive approach following learning resources can b adapted.
● Including diverse content, materials and ideas in the lectures and classroom discussions
especially incorporating various examples, socio-cultural contexts and images (Lacey,
2001).
● Selecting topics and materials that enhances the group work which helps in building
active cooperation and communication in the classroom (Brooks et al, 2010).
● Modelling openness in classroom discussion is also important. It is also helpful in
broadening the knowledge of the teacher.
● Encourage students to question and motivate them in order to broaden their domain of
knowledge.
● Establishing a learning environment that is inclusive and full of collaboration.
Reflection of my practiceAs far as my teaching practice is concerned, in my practice active use and employment of
multimedia resources in the classroom activity has increased my possibility to capture the
attention of the students. Along with that, I have also emphasized on the outdoor learning
process which has widened the scope for including natural environment as one of the best
learning resources.
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Based on the reaction of the students and their feedbacks i have identified my strengths and
weakness in developing and using learning resources which has been illustrated in the following
table.
strengths Weakness
● Identifying useful resources
● Evaluating the validity of information
based on the origin of the resource
● Understanding the application of a
particular resource design
● Identifying the learning needs of the
students and employing resources
accordingly
● Interacting effortlessly with the
students
● Using current technology in employing
multimedia resources in the classroom.
ConclusionIn the light of the above report various learning designs that have been used in the teaching
process have been evaluated which has helped in the understanding of my own strengths and
weakness as a teacher.
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