Assignment ETW 431

7/17/2019 Assignment ETW 431

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ASSIGNMENT

JANUARY 2013 SEMESTER

SUBJECT CODE : ETW 431

SUBJECT TITLE : TEACHING WRITING IN THE ESL CONTEXT

LEVEL : B.Ed (TESL

STUDENT!S NAME : UMAHDEVI A"# NADARAJAN

MATRIC NO. : E3010311002$

#ROGRAMME : B.Ed TESL (B#G

ACADEMIC%ACILITATOR

:

LEARNING CENTRE : &UALA LUM#UR

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MAR&S

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TOTALMAR&S

INTRODUCTION



UMAHDEVI NADARAJAN (E30103110027)

What is Error Analysis?

Error analysis is a metho !se to o"!ment the systemati" errors that a##ear in learner

lan$!a$e% &an$!a$e tea"hers 'ho listen to the s#ee"h o their st!ents #roaly noti"e the errors

irst% *!t the tr!th is that e+eryone ma,es errors in s#ea,in$- e+en nati+e s#ea,ers an lan$!a$e

tea"hers% .or e/am#le- most nati+e s#ea,ers ont al'ays ollo' the r!les in the $rammar oo,s

'e !se to tea"h learners% hose oo, r!les may e !se only in ormal "onte/ts !t not in

inormal is"o!rse- or they may not it s#ea,ers rom all $eo$ra#hi" re$ions 'here the lan$!a$e

is s#o,en%

hile nati+e s#ea,ers ma,e !nsystemati" #erorman"e errors (li,e sli#s o the ton$!e) rom

time to time- or shit rom ormal to inormal $rammati"al #atterns in inormal "onte/ts- se"on

lan$!a$e learners ma,e errors that no nati+e s#ea,er e+er ma,es- errors that are systemati"+iolations o the lin$!isti" #atterns to 'hi"h they ha+e een e/#ose% An error analysis 4 an

tea"her "orre"tions 4 sho!l i$nore !nsystemati" #erorman"e sli#s (mista,es) an o"!s on

errors- 'hi"h are systemati" +iolations o the r!les to 'hi"h the learners ha+e een e/#ose5

these tell !s somethin$ ao!t the learners "!rrent ,no'le$e o the r!les o the lan$!a$e ein$

learne% (6orer- 181- #%10)%

The Importance of Error Analysis

Errors are si$nii"ant in three 'ays9

• to the tea"her9 they sho' a st!ents #ro$ress

• to the resear"her9 they sho' ho' a lan$!a$e is a":!ire- 'hat strate$ies the learner !ses%

• to the learner9 he "an learn rom these errors%

Objectives

ea"hin$ the En$lish ;rammar as a se"on lan$!a$e has its ii"!lties% <ne s!"h ii"!lty

st!ents 'o!l e ha+in$ is tro!le !nerstanin$ the !se o #ro#er En$lish $rammar in their

'ritin$% =t!ents tent to ma,e a "ross reeren"e o the se"on lan$!a$e $rammar 'ith their o'n

mother ton$!e an attem#t to rationalise the meanin$ o the $rammar%

E >31 EA6HIN; RIIN; IN HE E=& 6<NE? @a$e 2




Hen"e- st!ent oten ma,e sim#le $rammati"al errors an these errors reo""!r a"ross their entire

'ritten materials% his #roBe"t 'as "on!"te to assess the $rammati"al errors mae y st!ents

'hen they 'ere $i+en En$lish 'ritten e/er"ises% his re#ort is to analyse the re:!en"y an

#er"enta$e o st!ents 'hi"h ma,e $rammati"al errors that are "ate$orise into a##ro#riate

"lassii"ation s"hemes s!"h as #re#ositions an tenses%

SAMPLIN

his #roBe"t re:!ire the sele"tion o sam#les 'hi"h "onsist o 30 st!ents rom the =tanar C%

hese st!ents are rom a +erna"!lar s"hool 'hi"h is = Jalan U3-'hi"h is lo"ate in @in$$iran

=!an$% hese st!ents "ome rom +ario!s a",$ro!ns an thereore ha+e ierent lan$!a$e

ailities% he ollo'in$ st!ents 'ere "hosen as the sam#lin$9

1% =iti Norasmirahshima t Jamal 1F% Ahma M!tta:in

2% N!rin amilia t Moh Nais 17% M!hamma .ira!s *in ReG!an

3% N!ren Ir'an t Norraysham 18% M!hamma !hairi Helmi

>% N!r Aina Naiisah t Moh Haie 1% Ahma I,h'an in Moh =ahar

C% Alia NaBiha t Ahma amal 20% Ai: .arhan

F% M!hamma A,mal *in An!ar 21% M!hamma ABmal HaGi:

7% Aisya Hannani t Moh H!sGaini 22% M!hamma Aam Danial in Ahma

8% M!hamma =a'an *in Moh Noor 23% haiGal N!l Ha,iem

% Noraiya t Dahari 2>% Noor HareeG .arhan

10 N!r .a:ihah Amani 2C%

11% Amirah istiha t Amir HamGah 2F%

12% @!tri MirGa =yaG'ina t =har!in 27%

13% Aii Aiman Hai,al in A Halim 28%

1>% Moh .aiGiGahri in Moh .aiGal 2%

1C% A:il Danish *in M!h RiGal 30%

SAMPLE ST!"ENT #IO"ATA

=iti Norasmirahshima t Jamal

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

&i,ert ="ale9

1 @oor 2 .air 3 ;oo > E/"ellent





o =t!ent9

N!rin amilia t Moh Nais

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


N!ren Ir'an t Norraysham

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


N!r Aina Naiisah t Moh Haie

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


Alia NaBiha t Ahma amal

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


M!hamma A,mal *in An!ar

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


Aisya Hannani t Moh H!sGaini

&e+el o

En$lish

&i,ert ="ale9

E >31 EA6HIN; RIIN; IN HE E=& 6<NE? @a$e >




@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9


M!hamma =a'an *in Moh Noor

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


Noraiya t Dahari

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


N!r .a:ihah Amani

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


Amirah istiha t Amir HamGah

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


@!tri MirGa =yaG'ina t =har!in

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


Aii Aiman Hai,al in A Halim

E >31 EA6HIN; RIIN; IN HE E=& 6<NE? @a$e C




&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


Moh .aiGiGahri in Moh .aiGal

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


A:il Danish *in M!h RiGal

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


Ahma M!tta:in

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


M!hamma .ira!s *in ReG!an

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


M!hamma !hairi Helmi

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

&i,ert ="ale9


E >31 EA6HIN; RIIN; IN HE E=& 6<NE? @a$e F




o =t!ent9

Ahma I,h'an in Moh =ahar

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


Ai: .arhan

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


M!hamma ABmal HaGi:

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


M!hamma Aam Danial in Ahma

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


haiGal N!l Ha,iem

&e+el o

En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9

&i,ert ="ale9


Noor HareeG .arhan

&e+el o &i,ert ="ale9





En$lish

@roi"ien"y

o =t!ent9


$LASSI%I$ATION S$&EME

he $rammar analysis re#ort o this #roBe"t is ase se+eral "lassii"ation s"hemes that "onsist o

tenses- arti"les an #re#ositions% hese are some o the most "ommonly o""!rrin$ an

reo""!rrin$ mista,es in a "om#osition% Mo+in$ on- these "lassii"ation s"hemes 'ill e

e/#laine in orer to !nerstan its !sa$e in "om#osition 'ritin$%

PREPOSITIONS

A preposition is a word or group of words that is placed before a noun or a pronoun

to show a relationship in a sentence. Below are some examples of how prepositions

are used in sentences based on some illustrations.

Preposition E'ample

insie John- Jason an Ja", are sittin$ inside the !m#er "ar%





Preposition E'ample

on to# o he !m#er "ars are on top of the arena%

Preposition E'ample

at he !m#er arena o#ens at 10%00am aily%

hen 'e ta,e a "loser loo, at these #re#ositions- it ini"ates that some #re#ositions e/#ress

ire"tion or mo+ement% <ther #re#ositions e/#ress lo"ation or time% &et !s ta,e a "loser loo into

the !se o #re#ositions in ire"tion an mo+ement%

"irection or Movement

Ab( )al*s into the loc*er room+ Ab( )al*s out of the loc*er room+

The prepositions into and out of , often express direction or movement of

someone or something, usually from one place to another.

Location

Preposition E'ample

in

!ner

he rally 'ill e hel in the stai!m%

homas an Jane are sittin$ under the tree%

The prepositions in and under indicate the location of someone or something.

Time

Preposition E'ample

on

at

My 'ies irthay alls on &ao!r Day%

homas is attenin$ a 'ein$ at F%00#m%

E >31 EA6HIN; RIIN; IN HE E=& 6<NE? @a$e




he #re#osition at "an e !se or oth to ini"ate e+ent time an the time on the "lo",% he

#re#ositions on- at an in "an e !se to reer to time%

here are many "ommonly !se #re#ositions in senten"es that are sho'n elo'%

%))+56 U*)d #)7-*,+,-*

across after at before behinddown for from in insideinto near of off onout out of over to with

P,EPOSITIONAL P&,ASES

A prepositional phrase "onsists o t'o istin"t #arts% he rst #art is the #re#osition itsel% he

se"on #art- 'hi"h ollo's the #re#osition- is a no!n or #rono!n that is "alle the object of the

preposition.E/am#le9

=!san is hi,in$ 'ith homas%

with homas K #re#ositional #hrase

A,TI$LES

The indefinite article (or used before a noun starting with a vowel) signals that the noun is indefinite.

It can refer to any member of a group as opposed to one particular member.

Examples:

a oy

an a##le

General an o/

an ele#hant (arti"le an is !se 'ith 'ors startin$ 'ith a,e,i,o,u-

an i"e "ream

an !mrella

Specific

he einite arti"le the is !se eore a sin$!lar no!n 'hen the no!n is

#arti"!lar or s#e"ii"%

E/am#le9 the oy

he einite arti"le the is also !se eore a #l!ral no!n 'hen the no!n is #arti"!lar or





s#e"ii"%

E/am#le9 the oys

TENSES

enses are +ers that are !se to ini"ate a"tion 'hi"h is ha##enin$ at the #resent an a"tion

'hi"h o""!rre in the #ast% hereore 'e ha+e the @resent ense an @ast ense%

The present simple tense is used for:

The permanent states.

I am En/lish 0an1 I al)ays )ill be En/lish-+

I )or* in 2alencia 0I 1o no) an1 )ill 1o for the foreseeable f(t(re-+

I teach En/lish+

To in1icate habits an1 ro(tines.

I 1rive to )or* every 1ay 0it3s part of my 1aily ro(tine-+

I 1on3t )ear )hite shoes 0it3s my habit not to-+

I li*e /oin/ to the cinema at )ee*en1s+

To in1icate permanent tr(ths an1 facts.

The s(n rises in the east an1 sets in the )est+

Water boils at 4556$ 07476% in case yo( )ante1 to *no)-+

Ne) technolo/y ma*es it easier to learn En/lish+

he present continuous tense is !se or9

To in1icate actions happenin/ at the moment of spea*in/.

I8m sittin/ in front of the comp(ter+

The phone3s rin/in/+

I8m tryin/ to thin* of another e'ample to p(t here+

To in1icate actions happenin/ aro(n1 the moment of spea*in/.

I3m learnin/ %rench 0not at this moment9 b(t I3ve /ot a class tomorro)-+

I3m 1oin/ a lot of revision for my e'ams 0b(t not ri/ht no)-+

I8m seein/ a lot of my brother at the moment 0b(t he8s not here no)-+





To in1icate 1escriptions.

People are sittin/ on the caf: terrace+

The traffic is ma*in/ a lot of noise+

She8s )earin/ a re1 1ress+

To in1icate temporary sit(ations.

I3m stayin/ )ith my /ran1parents )hile my parents are a)ay+

My brother is (sin/ the metro beca(se his car is bein/ repaire1+

I8m sleepin/ in the spare room beca(se I8m 1ecoratin/ my be1room+

he past simple tense is !se9

To tal* abo(t complete1 actions in the past.

My brother /ot a ne) job in Ma1ri1 last )ee*+

What 1i1 he say )hen yo( tol1 him?

Sha*espeare 1ie1 in 4;4;+

To tal* abo(t habits in the past.

We al)ays ha1 roast beef on S(n1ays )hen I )as a boy+

We never )ent abroa1 for o(r holi1ays (ntil the 4<=5s+

I travelle1 by b(s (ntil I passe1 my 1rivin/ test+

To tal* abo(t events that happene1 one after the other.

&e j(mpe1 o(t of be19 ran into the bathroom an1 slamme1 the 1oor+

I came9 I sa)9 I con>(ere1+

he past continuous tense is !se9

To tal* abo(t an activity in pro/ress at a partic(lar time in the past.

What )ere yo( 1oin/ at < o8cloc* on the ni/ht of the m(r1er?

At < o8cloc* I )as /ettin/ the 1inner rea1y+At 7 o8cloc* everyone )as havin/ l(nch+

To 1escribe a sit(ation or activity.

$ars )ere spee1in/ past an1 people )ere h(rryin/ to)ar1s the station+

It )as rainin/ so har1 that everyone )as shelterin/ in 1oor)ays+





&e )as )earin/ his best s(it+

When a past action is interr(pte1 by a shorter action.

I )as )al*in/ alon/ the roa1 )hen it starte1 to rain+

Someone *noc*e1 on the 1oor as I )as /ettin/ 1resse1+

I )as )on1erin/ )hat to 1o )hen the phone ran/+

When a past action ta*es place 1(rin/ another9 lon/er past action or state.

She )as livin/ in Ma1ri1 )hen she met her h(sban1+

I 1eci1e1 to /ive (p smo*in/ )hile I )as )or*in/ in the hospital+

I )as learnin/ Arabic )hen I /ot the chance to visit E/ypt





%IN"INS ANAL@SIS O% "ATA

he re#ort re:!ire the resear"her to $i+e o!t "om#osition e/er"ises to the 1C sam#le st!ents

an the "om#ositions 'ere "olle"te an analyse to etermine the re:!en"y o the errors ase

on the "lassii"ation s"hemes 'hi"h 'as #reetermine%he re:!en"y tale elo' 'ill sho' the re:!en"y o errors mae y ea"h st!ent in the ea"h

"lassii"ation s"heme9

=t!ent 6&A==I.I6AI<N =6HEME=

Prepositions Articles Tenses

=iti Norasmirahshima t Jamal 1 1 2 N!rin amilia t Moh Nais 3 2 3

N!ren Ir'an t Norraysham > 3 >

N!r Aina Naiisah t Moh Haie 2 1 >Alia NaBiha t Ahma amal 2 3 2

M!hamma A,mal *in An!ar 3 1 >

Aisya Hannani t Moh H!sGaini 1 1 CM!hamma =a'an *in Moh Noor 1 1 C

Noraiya t Dahari 1 1 2

N!r .a:ihah Amani 2 3 3

Amirah istiha t Amir HamGah 3 3 >@!tri MirGa =yaG'ina t =har!in 1 3 C

Aii Aiman Hai,al in A Halim 1 1 >

Moh .aiGiGahri in Moh .aiGal 2 3 1

A:il Danish *in M!h RiGal 2 3 3=iti Norasmirahshima t Jamal 3 3 >

N!rin amilia t Moh Nais 2 2 3 N!ren Ir'an t Norraysham 2 3 3

N!r Aina Naiisah t Moh Haie 3 3 >

Alia NaBiha t Ahma amal 1 3 C

M!hamma A,mal *in An!ar 1 1 >Ahma M!tta:in 2 3 3

M!hamma .ira!s *in ReG!an 3 3 >

M!hamma !hairi Helmi 1 3 CAhma I,h'an in Moh =ahar 1 1 >

Ai: .arhan 1 3 3M!hamma ABmal HaGi: 1 1 >M!hamma Aam Danial in Ahma 2 3 3

haiGal N!l Ha,iem 3 3 >

Noor HareeG .arhan 1 3 C

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E; >33 EA6HIN; ;RAMMAR IN HE =E6<ND &AN;UA;E 6&A==R<<M @a$e 1C




"IS$!SSION

.rom the ata "olle"te in the inin$s- it is o!n that the sam#le st!ents mae m!st o the

$rammati"al errors in tenses% Most o the st!ents are in"line to ma,e mista,es in !sin$ tenses e"a!se some +ers ier in the s#ellin$ 'hen those +ers are in #resent sim#le- #resent

"ontin!o!s- #ast sim#le an #ast "ontin!o!s% he ieren"e in s#ellin$ may "a!se these st!ents

to mi/!# the +ers in "ertain tense orm% he !se o tenses "an only e mastere thro!$h

re:!ent #ra"ti"e in 'ritin$ "om#ositions an senten"e 'ritin$ e/er"ises%

Another reason or the hi$h re:!en"y in $rammati"al errors es#e"ially in tenses "o!l e !e to

the a",$ro!n the st!ents% hose st!ents ha+in$ #arents 'ith asi" e!"ation may not e ale

to "oa"h their "hilren in !sin$ #ro#er En$lish% he "hilren are in"line to #i",!# the

#roi"ien"y o the En$lish lan$!a$e rom home% hereore- i the #arents ha+e lo' lan$!a$e

#roi"ien"y hen"e the "hilren may ha+e the same% Ho'e+er- st!ents "omin$ rom #arents 'ith

hi$her e!"ation are in"line to ha+e etter En$lish lan$!a$e #roi"ien"y% Ne+ertheless- s!"h

nee to e "oa"he y the tea"her an #arents in !sin$ #ro#er En$lish s!"h as the #ro#er !se o

tenses%

<n the other han- +erna"!lar s"hool st!ents may ha+e #rolems in En$lish e"a!se o the

n!mer o "onta"t ho!rs on the En$lish lan$!a$e as 'ell as the "ontent o the sylla!s% In

+erna"!lar s"hool- the "onta"t ho!rs or the motherton$!e lan$!a$e is hi$her an thereore the

sylla!s 'ill $i+es more im#ortan"e to 'ritin$ s,ill in the mother lan$!a$e% he "onta"t ho!rs

or the En$lish lan$!a$e are re!"e th!s re!"in$ the e/#os!re to 'ritin$ s,ills% he En$lish

sylla!s sho!l $i+e more im#ortan"e to 'ritin$ s,ills in the hi$her stanars in orer to #ro+ie

a se"!re o!nation or the #rimary s"hool st!ents to #ro$ress to the se"onary s"hool%

E >31 EA6HIN; RIIN; IN HE E=& 6<NE? @a$e 1F

Assignment ETW 431

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