Anshul Kirti SS 415G Assignment 11. Aachen Cathedral: The Cathedral symbolises the unification of of the West and its spiritual

and political revival under the aegis of Charlemagne. By the design of the Cathedral we get a very eastern feel to the chapel with its octagonal shape, striped arches, marble floor, golden mosaics, and ambulatory. The historical importance of this monument would be that the Cathe-dral also acts as a grave for Charlemagne, the Cathedral then become the coronation place for German Kings. Cultural importance of the Cathedral would be that the culture of that era was rich as compared to others. The architectural skills were highly developed. Also the they wor-shiped Christ which reflects that they were religious in various aspects.

2. There are three aspects to Voltaire’s statement.  He is saying that the Holy Roman Empire was not holy, that it was not Roman, and that it was not an empire. I believe what he meant was that first of all It is hard to imagine that any worldly kingdom can be truly holy given the things that people have to do to stay in power. The Holy Roman Empire was certainly not holy. Sec-ondly, was the Empire Roman ? It is really hard to answer this question. But evidences shows that it was more of a Germanic empire that really only paid lip service to the idea that it was Roman. Thirdly, was the empire an empire? I believe that it wasn't. The Roman Empire was truly an empire in that it was ruled quite strongly from its centre.  At most times in the Roman Empire, the provinces were not in any way independent.

3. Otto von Bismarck was dismissed as the chancellor of Germany in the reign of Wilhelm II. So there was no chancellor for that period.

4. The Treaty of Versailles in a Germans point of had been a harsh peace settlement, taking away their sovereign powers and freedoms as a nation.

After the signing of the treaty, Germans found it very hard to have any real emotional loyalty to a political system that had appeared to have failed them. The economic effects of the treaty re-quired Germany to pay compensation for all damage done to the civilian population by the Al-lied and Associated power.

5. Hitler was referring to the Autocratic German empire ruled by Otto Von Bismark during the first world war, which was commonly known as the Second Reich. The Holy Roman Empire was considered the First Reich.

6. 267 synagogues burned and 7500 businesses destroyed.

7. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent reunification of Germany marked a new era in German-American relations.

8. Egon Krenz

9. October 3, 1990.

10. “Aufbau Ost“ project was the renovation of inner-city residential quarters not just in cities such as Dresden, Leipzig, Chemnitz, and Halle, which in the GDR had been continually decaying.

The telecommunications facilities in the new federal states, which are among the most cutting-edge in Europe, the establishment of a competitive university structure, as well as the leading

Anshul Kirti SS 415G Assignment 1

position of the solar and and environmental technology operations that have now settled there.

11. Reunification and recognition under international law of borders of 1945

12. Unity was a way in which the German Reich under Bismarck was democratic.

13. Freedom was not granted to people.

14. 30 January 1933.

15. Willy Brandt.

16. Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany.

17. Social Democratic Party & Christian Democratic Union.

18. Bundenstag: Elected representation of the German people. Only those candidates that belong to the party have chance of success. It is a german German Parliament.

Bundesrat: Represents a federal state and alongside the Bundestag is a form of Second Chamber. It is obliged to deliberate on each federal law. It is made-up exclusively of represen-tatives of the federal state governments.

19. Hamburg, Bremen, and Berlin.

20. City of Karlsruhe.