Assigment 3 (Linux Shell)
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Assigment 3 (Linux Shell)
5.1.1 Shell Script
A shell script is a script written for the shell, or command line interpreter, of an operatingsystem. It is often considered a simple domain-specific programming language. Typical
operations performed by shell scripts include file manipulation, program execution, and printing
text.
5.1.2 Importance Of A Shell Script
A key feature of shell scripts is that the invocation of their interpreters are handled as a core
operating system feature. So rather than a user's shell only being able to execute scripts in thatshell's language, or a script only having its interpreter directive handled correctly if it was run
from a shell , shell scripts are set up and executed by the OS itself. A modern shell script is not
just on the same footing as system commands, but rather many system commands are actually
shell scripts.
5.1.3 Various Linux Shells
bash shell
Bash is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes commands read from
the standard input or from a file It is the shell for the GNU operating system from the GNU
Project. It can be run on most Unix-like operating systems. It is the default shell on most
systems built on top of the Linux kernel as well as on Mac OS X and Darwin.
C shell
The C shell is a command processor that's typically run in a text window, allowing the user to
type commands which cause actions. The C shell can also read commands from a file, called a
script. Like all Unix shells, it supports piping, here documents, command substitution, variables,control structures for condition-testing and looping and filename wildcarding.
Korn shell
The Korn shell is a command interpreter that allows an end user to type in commands to
communicate to the AIX system. By default, when a user logins, a shell process is started The
default AIX shell is /usr/bin/ksh.
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tcsh shell
Tcsh is C shell with file name completion, command line editing and other features such as
enhanced variable modifiers that make tcsh one of the most convenient shells for interactive
users. In tcsh environment variables are defined in upper and lowercase. Usually uppercase
parameters refer to parameters seen by all shells, while lowercase parameters are tcsh specific.
Ash shell
Ash is a fast, small, POSIX-compatible Unix shell designed to replace the Bourne shell in later
BSD distributions. Originally it did not feature line editing or command history mechanisms,
because Almquist felt that such should be moved into the terminal driver however, current
variants support it.
5.1.4 Shell Interface In Linux
Shell prompt
The shell is the program that waits for you to type in a Unix command and then press the return
key. Then the shell handles the execution of your command.
terminal window.
A terminal emulator, terminal application, term, or tty for short, is a program that emulates a
video terminal within some other display architecture. Though typically synonymous with a
command line shell or text terminal, the term terminalcovers all remote terminals, including
graphical interfaces. A terminal emulator inside a graphical user interface is often called a
terminal window.
Virtual Terminal
Virtual Terminal allows you to manually process credit card transactions from any computer with
an Internet connection in the world. You simply login to a secure website with a login and
password and you are able to charge cards, perform authorizations, and even process credits.
In addition, you have complete online reporting of all your transactions and orders.
In open systems, a virtual terminal (VT) is an application service that:
1. Allows host terminals on a multi-user network to interact with other hosts regardless ofterminal type and characteristics,
2. Allows remote log-on by local area network managers for the purpose of management,
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3. Allows users to access information from another host processor for transactionprocessing,
4. Serves as a backup facility.
5.2 Linux Text Editor
5.2.1 Various Text Editors:
Vi editor
Vi i is one of the most popular text editors texte under Unix type systems (with Emacsand pico).
Under Linux, there is a free version of Vicalled Vim(Vi Improved). Vi (pronounced vee-eye) is
an editor that is fully in text mode, which means that all actions are carried out with the help of
text commands. This editor, although it may appear of little practical use at first, is very powerful
and can be very helpful in case the graphical interface malfunctions.
Pico editor
The Pico text editor doesn't have a lot of fancy features, but it's a welcome alternative to the vi
or Emacs editors because learning it is quick and easy. Cursor movement and text entry are
straightforward, and--best of all--you don't have to learn any arcane commands: all commands
are listed in a handy menu at the bottom of the screen.
Joe editor
JOE is a blending of MicroPro's venerable microcomputer word processor WordStar andRichard Stallman's famous LISP based text editor GNU-EMACS, most of the basic editing keysare the same as in WordStar as is the overall feel of the editor. JOE also has some of the keybindings and many of the powerful features of EMACS
mcedit editor
Mcedit is a link to mc, the Midnight Commander, forcing it to immediately start its internal editor.
The editor is a terminal version of the cooledit standalone X Window editor.
Emacs editor
Emacs is a class of feature-rich text editors, usually characterized by their extensibility. Emacshas, perhaps, more editing commands than other editors, numbering over 1,000 commands. Italso allows the user to combine these commands into macros to automate work.
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Graphical Text Editor:
NEdit editor
NEdit is a multi-purpose text editor for the X Window System, which combines a standard, easyto use, graphical user interface with the thorough functionality and stability required by userswho edit text eight hours a day. It provides intensive support for development in a wide varietyof languages, text processors, and other tools, but at the same time can be used productively by
just about anyone who needs to edit text. NEdit, which is entirely a volunteer effort, benefitsfrom a strong developer and user community. As of version 5.1, NEdit may be freely distributedunder the terms of the GNU General Public License.
XEDIT editor
XEDIT is a visual editor for VM/CMS using block mode IBM 3270 terminals. It is much moreline-oriented than modern PC and Unix editors. For example, it supports automatic linenumbers, and many of the commands operate on blocks of lines. One of the features is a
command line which allows the user to type arbitrary editor commands. Because IBM 3270terminals do not transmit data to the computer until certain special keys are pressed (such asenter and function keys) XEDIT is less interactive than many PC and UNIX editors. Forexample, continuous spell-checking as the user types is impossible.
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