Assessment of the COOPENER programme of the European Commission (2011)

8/10/2019 Assessment of the COOPENER programme of the European Commission (2011)

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I N T E L L I G E N T

E N E R G Y

E U R O P E

F O R A S U S T A I N A B L E F U T U R E

COOPENERSustainable energy services for

poverty alleviation in developing countriesAn assessment

July 2011


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COO

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

FOR POVERTY ALLIN DEVELOPING CO

An as


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Acknowledgements

Tis publication has been prepared on the basis o the reports and inormationprovided by COOPENER project consortia, which received nancial supportrom the Intelligent Energy Europe programme, managed by the EuropeanCommissions Executive Agency or Competitiveness & Innovation (EACI),ormerly the Intelligent Energy Executive Agency (IEEA).

Te document has been written by Anna Bnisch, Gianluca ondi, Anette Jahnand William Gillett rom the EACI, with the support o Daniele Guidi, DetleLoy and Ren Karottki, who worked as external experts contracted by the EACI

and carried out the analysis o the main results and impacts o the projects.

Te authors wish to thank their colleagues in the Directorate-General orDevelopment and Cooperation, the Directorate-General or Energy, the JointResearch Centre and the concerned EACI project offi cers or their inputs, as well asCindy Carolle rom the Communication cell o the EACI who has made importantcontributions to the production o this publication.

Last but not least, the authors thank the COOPENER project teams who providedpictures as well as additional inputs beyond their projects lietime.

Europe Direct is a service to help you nd answersto your questions about the European Union.

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Executive summary ..............................................................................................................

1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................

2. Programme context and policy background .... ..................... ..................... ...................

3. COOPENER an overview ...........................................................................................

4. Methodology .....................................................................................................................

5. Te COOPENER legacy outputs and impacts o selected projects ................. ......

5.1. Improved access to data and inormation .............................................................5.2. raining and capacity-building ...............................................................................5.3. Innovative approaches and tools ............................................................................

5.4. Policy impact and institutional development .......................................................5.5. Sustainability o project activities ...........................................................................5.6. Synergies created by the projects ............................................................................5.7. Fostering investment ...............................................................................................

6. Key lessons and best practices .........................................................................................

7. Conclusions .......................................................................................................................

Acronyms and abbreviations ...............................................................................................

ANNEXES ..............................................................................................................................

Annex 1: Distribution per call and per region or different steps o the evaluationAnnex 2: Proposer proles .............................................................................................Annex 3: Geographical coverage o contracted projects in the target countries ....Annex 4: Overview o the 36 COOPENER projects ...................................................

Contents


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projects began operating inproject nished in August

Some o the most importimplementation o COOP

100 proposals in totacalls or proposals 200

the submitted propototal budget o about

the requested EU EUR 43 million;

45 % o the submittommended or undcommittee;

36 projects were con

taking place between

24 projects were carrArica; seven projectsve projects in South-

the total budget o amounted to EUR 2

contribution o apmillion;

234 organisations tooprojects, o which 101and 133 were target co

COOPENER was the external component o therst Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) programme,which unded projects aiming to promote pol-icies, technologies and best practices in the eldso renewable energy and energy effi ciency. TeIEE programme is managed by the ExecutiveAgency or Competitiveness & Innovation (EACI)on behal o the European Commission.

Te rst IEE programme ran rom 2003 to 2006.IEE was extended to cover the period 2007 to

2013, but its external component was not con-tinued within the IEE programme; instead, simi-lar activities were continued in particular underthe ACP-EU Energy Facility.

In line with the EU Energy Initiative or Pov-erty Eradication and Sustainable Development(EUEI), COOPENER projects addressed the

role o sustainable energy for poverty alleviationin developing countries. COOPENER called orprojects addressing: (a) energy policies, legisla-tion and market conditions or poverty allevi-ation; and/or (b) capacity-building or increasinglocal energy expertise.

COOPENER operated in three regions: sub-

Saharan Arica, Latin America and South-EastAsia.

Priority was given to projects which were con-sistent with the poverty reduction strategies,sustainable development strategies, and related

Executive summary


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made such inormation morder to achieve this objused, or example, data codata analyses, web portaltories, as well as easibilio the inormation gatheoptions and barriers to thsustainable energy suppliethe identication o invand to inputs or policy deral networks o proessilished, acilitating inormo the inormation colleconline to stakeholders outthe public in general. Mosstill available even afer th

2. Training and capaci

Most projects included building, which was targholders rom the publicSpecialised training actiwhich made use o instrshops, seminars, study to

toring, the elaboration o mthe development o educacases, the setting up o dprojects with additional

Tese activities led to inimproved skills or addtionship between energ

including socio-economicontributed to improvedwider local knowledge omethodologies.

For the public sector, c

three external experts. Te experts examined23 COOPENER projects in detail, all selectedin order to draw lessons rom the COOPENERexperience.

Guided by a template, prepared by the EACI inconsultation with colleagues rom the EuropeanCommission, the experts extracted inormationon specic impacts o the projects, their sustain-ability, synergies, as well as key lessons and bestpractices.

Te ndings o the experts were discussed in aplenary meeting with staff rom the EACI andother European Commission services, includingthe Directorate-General or Energy, the Director-ate-General or Development and Cooperation,and the Joint Research Centre.

Te assessment o project impactswas ound tobe challenging, partly due to the limited reportingby the project teams on this issue, but also becauseo the diffi culties with verication. Nevertheless,some projects were able to report on how, andto what extent, their outputs and outcomes havebeen incorporated into a local, regional or inter-

national process at the end o a project: the impactso these projects can be more easily traced.

Tis report ocuses on the most importantimpactsrom COOPENER projects, which canbe used by public bodies, NGOs, and commercialorganisations based in the EU as well as in thetarget countries. It also presents lessons learned,

which can be helpul to Commission services,Member States organisations and other organisa-tions working within similar activities and pro-grammes, such as the ACP-EU Energy Facility.Best practice examplesbased on experiences ospecic projects are highlighted in the main text


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For example, in many casother institutions and iniconerences, workshops ing effective exchanges otargeted dissemination osome cases, synergies wita central part o the projec

7. Fostering investme

A lack o bankable projectsors and nancers as a majoin sustainable energy projeable energy projects inSeveral COOPENER projeoriented ocus have addrprojects have deepened

project bankability, and hdence that the main barrieprojects is not, as is genernance per se. In act, thea lack o specic skills inand a lack o commitmenopers to invest resources good project into a bank

projects have contributed development o proposalsand have acilitated their pdevelopment actors and result, some renewable enunded, some public anopportunities have beenmicro-nancing options

the realisation o rural ele

Moreover, a number odrawn rom the analysiprojects:

duced and developed through the projects,continue to be used by governments, technology

centres and training institutions.

Several project coordinators were ound to havecontinued their COOPENER-supported activitiesin the target countries, or to have extended andreplicated the experience they gained during theirCOOPENER projects in other countries. Suchcontinuations were typically supported by other

EU programmes, such as the ENRP, the ACP-EUEnergy Facility, EUEIs Partnership DevelopmentFacility, national development and energy agen-cies, NGOs, or other international programmessuch as the UNDP.

6. Synergies created by the projects

Several projects were ound to have stimulatedmutually benecial collaborations and dialoguebetween different types o stakeholders who werenot used to working together or who did not havemuch interaction beore the project.

Some projects employed a multi-sectoral

approach, bringing together energy sector actorswith actors rom non-energy sectors, where con-tacts had previously been limited. Trough work-ing in COOPENER projects, non-energy actorsbecame directly involved in energy data collec-tion and in energy planning, and participated inmulti-sectoral committees, together with repre-sentatives rom governments, the private sector

(including SMEs) and the nancing sector. Sucha multi-sectoral approach led to more transpar-ency and higher quality in energy planning andproject development. It also encouraged valu-able cross-sectoral dialogues between the energy,agriculture, health, education and nancing sec-


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While the scope o the rSAVE, ALENER and SEEuropean Union, COOPE

with the EU Energy Initiacation and Sustainable Daddressed the role o sustaalleviation in developing ctaking place between 2005

Tis report presents resulo a number o COOP

the EACI organised at COOPENER programmethree external experts, examined in detail in orom the COOPENER the projects main results technical and contractual

COOPENER was the external component o theEuropean Commissions programme or the pro-motion o policies, technologies and best prac-

tices in the elds o renewable energy and energyeffi ciency, the Intelligent Energy Europe(IEE)programme (2), managed by the Executive Agencyor Competitiveness & Innovation (EACI) (3).Te rst IEE programme ran rom 2003 to 2006.IEE was extended to cover the period rom 2007to 2013 but its external component was not con-tinued within the IEE programme; instead, simi-

lar activities were continued in particular underthe ACP-EU Energy Facility.

(2) Decision No 1230/2003 o the European Parliament and o the Councilo 26 June 2003 adopting a multiannual programme or action in the eld oenergy Intelligent Energy Europe (200306), OJ L 176, 15.7.2003, p. 29(http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:176:SOM:EN:HML).(3) Formerly IEEA: Intelligent Energy Executive Agency.

1. Introduction


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coherence and synergy oties and attract new resoogy, human resources) r

nancial institutions, civil s

Actions supported undplanned to be complemeo, the support providedother community developgrammes. COOPENER emnancial instruments man

work o the EUEI: subseqcreated partly building on tence. Te ACP-EU Energlaunched in 2005 underDevelopment Fund, concaccess to sustainable and aEUEI programmes on susthe EUEI Partnership Di

PDF), operational since 20

(5) http://www.euei.net/about-euei

Policy context and background

COOPENER was shaped in the ramework o

the EU Energy Initiative or Poverty Eradica-tion and Sustainable Development (EUEI). Teconclusions o the World Summit on SustainableDevelopment (WSSD), held in Johannesburg in2002, had emphasised the growing realisationamong actors in development cooperation that inuture, a higher priority should be given to therole o energy in enabling poverty eradication

and sustainable development. Responding to asituation o 1.6 billion people without access toelectricity, and 2.4 billion people relying on trad-itional biomass or cooking and heating, theEUEI was created in Johannesburg, as a jointcommitment by the EU Member States and theEC. In order to achieve improved access to sus-tainable energy services, the EUEI engages in

activities which seek to raise political awarenessamong high-level decision-makers, encourage the

2. Programme context and policy backgro


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Environment Programme ive o carrying out poli

issues which can acilitatMillennium DevelopmenRenewable Energy and Enership (REEEP) is a gloing primarily on energy mcountries. Lastly, the Foruo Arica (FEMA) was creand regional cooperation

economic development to sustainable energy usehas been replaced by theMinisters o Arica (CEM

Since the launch o the COthe situation has changed sthat energy-related conce

top agenda points in devTe increased importanceopment cooperation wasGreen Paper EU developof inclusive growth and suIncreasing the impact of EUin which the EC highlightdevelopment. Te rst hi

(6) COM(2010) 629 nal o 10 Nodevelopment/icenter/repository/GRPOLIIQUE_DEVELOPPEMEN_EN.

German Gesellschaf r Internationale Zusam-menarbeit (GIZ). Te energy component o the

Arica-EU Inrastructure rust Fund which sup-ports energy inrastructure or regional integra-tion, was inspired and promoted by the EUEI, andis a reection o the new priority to energy.

A number o other institutions and organisa-tions have been active in the eld o sustainableenergy in development cooperation. For instance,

another EU programme that should be mentionedis the thematic programme or Environment andSustainable Management o Natural Resourcesincluding Energy (ENRP). Based in the Dir-ectorate-General or Development and Cooper-ation, the ENRP among others aims to broadenthe options or sustainable energy. Te Johannes-burg Renewable Energy Coalition (JREC), whose

secretariat is based in the Directorate-General orthe Environment, is a coalition o governmentsaiming to achieve the commitments on renewableenergy ormulated at the WSSD. GEEREF, theGlobal Energy Effi ciency and Renewable EnergyFund, was launched in the context o the JREC,and is unded under the ENRP. Te Global Net-work on Energy or Sustainable Development

(GNESD) also deserves to be mentioned: GNESDis a network o member centres o excellenceand associates acilitated by the United Nations


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Arica-EU Energy Partnership (AEEP) and thelaunch o the Arica-EU Renewable Energy Cooper-

ation Programme (RECP) in September 2010 areindicative o this development. Te announce-ment o 2012 as the UN International Year oSustainable Energy or All marks the increasedattention directed towards energy-related issues,including and beyond EC development cooper-ation. In this light, the ndings portrayed in thisassessment report are highly relevant.

Initial objectives and scopeof the COOPENER programme

In line with EUEI objectives, COOPENER pro-vided unding or activities ocusing on theprovision o energy services or poverty allevi-

ation and sustainable development. In particu-lar, COOPENER-supported activities addressed:(a) energy policies, legislation and market condi-tions or poverty alleviation; and/or (b) capacity-building or increasing local energy expertise (seelater). Priority was given to projects consistentwith the poverty reduction strategies, sustain-able development strategies, and related policies

o the developing countries concerned. More-over, the aims and objectives o the EUEI wereemphasised, which calls or a collaboration o EU

Member States in energyation responding to deman

developing countries.

Concerning energy polmarket conditions or eviation, COOPENER proengage in activities whilocal capacities in the elregulations. Local, nation

policymakers and regulatocreating avourable markevision o energy services,poverty alleviation in ruraareas o developing countrmobilisation o investmesustainable energy servicehousing and wealth-cre

be acilitated and promotincluding the private sectoconcentrating on the ollosupported:

the energy policy chaipromotion and implem

pro-poor energy rsustainability, targetgeneration;


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training and networkmakers, regulators an

training, networkingtours or energy proe

strengthening existagencies and industry

Like the other main comp

gramme, COOPENER wagrants, responding to a cannual basis (2003, 2004projects received co-undiup to 50 % o the total proprojects operated rom eaproject nishing in Augusgeographical outreach, the

projects which targeted cosub-Saharan Arica, LatinEast Asia. Te bulk o thout in sub-Saharan Aricin all three calls or prowas addressed in the callsSouth-East Asia in the cal

energy planning or urban, peri-urban andrural areas;

nancing, investments and support schemesor energy sector programmes and projects,with particular emphasis on SMEs;

promoting best practice in energy services tomeet the needs o the poor.

With regard tostrengthening local energy expert-ise, the objectives o the COOPENER programmewere to promote and support activities helping tobuild a critical mass o human capital with up-to-date knowledge and expertise in energy policy-making, energy regulations, energy planning andproject nancing, as well as in the latest technolo-gies and best practices available or improving the

effi ciency o energy use, and to increase the use oRES. Sustainable energy expertise, or example orwater pumping, lighting, communications, edu-cation and health, is needed in the public sectoror the development and management o energypolicies, regulations and programmes as well as inthe private sector or the local development anddeployment o energy technologies and services.

arget areas included:


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presented: or example, tand per region, success raproposals, proposer prol

age, and a list o allCOOPENER including ma

Tis chapter provides a quick overview o themain acts and eatures o the IEE programmesCOOPENER component (Boxes 3.1 to 3.4). In the

annexes at the end o this document, more detailedinormation and statistics about COOPENER are

3. COOPENER an overview

In total, 100 proposals were submitted to the calls for proposals 2003, 2004

The submitted proposals had a cumulated total budget of about EUR 87 millrequested funding amounting to EUR 43 million.

Forty-five per cent of the submitted proposals were recommended for fundievaluation committee.

Thirty-six projects were contracted, with activities taking place between 200

Some 24 projects were carried out in sub-Saharan Africa, seven in Latin AmeSouth-East Asia.

The total budget of COOPENER projects amounted to EUR 28 million, with aof approximately EUR 14 million.

A total of 234 organisations took part in COOPENER actions: 101 EU organisa133 target country organisations.

Box 3.1: COOPENER Quick Facts


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12 projects35 projects6+ projects

12 projects35 projects6+ projects

Box 3.3:Latin America

Calls or proposals 2004 and 2005: 16 % o the COOPENER budget 7 projects 9 countries.

Box 3.4:South-East Asia

Call or proposals 2005: 14 % o the COOPENER budget

5 projects 5 countries.

COOPENER unique features

Twinning of EU and target country

organisations

Te COOPENER programme engaged in theinnovative approach o supporting consortiaconsisting o at least two EU partners as contrac-tors and at least one target country partner as

Proposer profiles

Te COOPENER calls100 proposals involvin

organisations, and aboorganisations.

European applicants wthe 30 eligible countrbroad interest base d


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Rice Husks, Senegal l Courtesy of the ENEFIBIO project

COOPENER themes

All COOPENER actions addressed the topicelds o: (a) energy policies, legislation andmarket conditions or poverty alleviation;and/or (b) capacity-building or increasinglocal energy expertise (Chapter 2).

Almost all projects worked on renewableenergy, while less than hal o the projects alsoaddressed energy effi ciency issues.

Project activities ocused on one or more othe ollowing themes:

enabling policies anational, national an

capacity-building

makers, regulators, p

sionals, private secto

stakeholders and uni

networking (includ

and Internet platorm

energy planning or

rural areas.


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Tree external experts wereto work on the study. Foling at the EACI in Nove

experts worked at their owo COOPENER projects as

Guided by a template preexperts extracted inormkey issues: (a) specic impsustainability o the projeCOOPENER-initiated act

the project lietime); (c) sythe different types o organers; and (d) key lessons anrom the project experienc

For this purpose, the expmation pack consisting oreports, relevant delivera

munications to the projecconsulting inormation g

Te assessment was carried out in order to highlightthe impacts maniested by a number o projectsunded by the COOPENER programme. It was not

a ormal evaluation, rather an endeavour to iden-tiy key lessons and best practice examples whichcould be used in similar international cooperationprogrammes dealing with sustainable energy.

Te assessment process started with a preliminaryanalysis o all COOPENER projects by the EACI, in thecourse o which 23 out o the total o 36 COOPENER

projects were identied or closer examination(able 4.1). Te 23 projects were selected on the basiso their potential to yield useul key lessons.

Subsequently, the EACI organised a meeting witha steering board consisting o EC staff rom theDirectorate-General or Development and Cooper-ation and the Directorate-General or Energy:

eedback and input was sought on key issues to becovered by the assessment.

4. Methodology


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been undertaken into Cactions unded by the ACP

A debrieng meeting tookwhere the experts presestaff rom the EACI, the Development and Coopate-General or Energy, aCentre. Draf ndings wer

Using the ndings geneas well as additional COOPENER projects, threport, consulting staff rodirectorates-general or n

project database and websites set up by the projectconsortia. In some cases, the experts also contacted

the respective project coordinators directly in orderto gather specic inormation.

Te experts were encouraged to exchange inor-mation, and to harmonise their methodology. TeEACI monitored the experts work and acilitatedcommunication and exchange o inormation.

Furthermore, the EACI contacted the coordin-ators o the 23 selected COOPENER projects con-cerning ollow-up actions and long-term impacts oproject activities. Also, with the Directorate-Generalor Development and Cooperation, research has

Table 4.1: The 23 COOPENER projects analysed (8)

Sub-Saharan Arica

Project title

Improving the economic and social impact of rural electrification (IMPROVES-RE)

Mitigating Risk and strengthening capacity for Rural Electricity Investmentin Africa (MIRREIA)

Building capacity in renewables in the health, education and water sectorsto help meet poverty reduction targets in sub-Saharan Africa (ENABLE)

Turning Information into Empowerment: Strengthening gender and energynetworking in Africa (TIE-ENERGIA)

Development and Energy in Africa (DEA)

Biomass Energy Platforms Implementation for Training in Africa (BEPITA)

Removal of non-technological barriers to encourage SME energy effi ciencyby the rational use of biomass (ENEFIBIO)

Mainstreaming Energy for Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Developmentinto EU Development Assistance (MEPRED)

Appui la mise en place de systmes dinformations nergtiques nationaux


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Latin America

Project title

Linking income-generating activities and micro-enterprises with energy servicesfor the poor in the Chaco Region (CRECER CON ENERGIA)

Biomass Energy Platforms Implementation for Training in Latin America Network(BEPINET)

Desarrollo de operadores elctricos para reduccin de la pobreza en Ecuador yel Per (DOSBE)

Promotion of small-scale biofuel production and use in Honduras (GOTA VERDE)

South-East Asia

Project title

Contributing to poverty Alleviation through Regional Energy Planning in Indonesia(CAREPI)

Renewable Energy Sustainable programmes for Intelligent Rural Electrificationand poverty Alleviation (RESIREA)

Capacity and institutional strengthening for rural electrification and development,decentralised energy options (CAP-REDEO)

Promotion of the Effi cient Use of Renewable Energies in Developing Countries(REEPRO)


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5. The COOPENER legacy outputs and

of selected projects

Te reviewed projects outputs and impacts werecategorised into different themes. Few projectshave delivered on all themes, while most con-

centrated on specic items. In general, the ocustended to be more on strengthening local energyexpertise, identiying resources and opportun-ities or energy supply options and, to a lesserextent, inuencing energy policies, and legisla-tion and market conditions. Te attribution oimpacts remains challenging, inter alia, due tolimited reporting by the project teams on this

specic issue, and diffi culties with verication.Still, some projects were able to report how, andto what extent, their outputs and outcomes havebeen incorporated into a local, regional or inter-national process at the end o the projects lietime,so that their impact can be more easily traced.Tus, seven themes are addressed:

1. Improved access to da

2. raining and capacity

3. Innovative approache

4. Policy impact and ins

5. Sustainability o proje

6. Synergies created by t

7. Fostering investment.


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and in training the managecountries. Te project tea

produced annual energy International Energy Agenannual reports with analytion in different sectors. Twas made available on dedEnergy sector actors are nistry o Energy, or examplreceive validated energy d

mation. In response to Sseveral positive commentsIEA, which is pleased to puistics rom Arican countrinormation. Also, the teto national policy developattracted interest rom the and Monetary Union (UE

countries in West and Centhave introduced, or are workenergy inormation system

In South-East Asia, RESIRtion access by collecting antice examples and case stution and the use o renewa

provinces o Cambodia, Lproject team has urther inormation on the potentmass and hydropower. Asor attracting investment, Green Electricity Plan haestimated investments or tricity supply, with the pur

to possible investors and do

5.2. Training and capa

Most projects engaged in

5.1. Improved access to dataand information

Most o the projects reviewed have enhanced bothavailability and access to relevant inormation onrural energy resources and consumption patterns.For this purpose, project partners used, or ex-ample, data collections, mapping and data ana-lyses, compilations o databases and inventories,and easibility studies. A large part o the inorma-

tion gathered was used to dene options and bar-riers in the context o sustainable energy, whichin turn acilitate the identication o investmentopportunities, and yield inputs or policy develop-ment. Also, several networks of professionals havebeen established, acilitating inormation exchange.Most o the inormation collected was made avail-able online to stakeholders outside the projects and

to the public in general (9

). Project examples high-light three possibilities to address the issue o inor-mation: establishing energy inormation systems,web portals and creating green electricity plans tobe submitted to potential investors and donors.

An outstanding example or increasing the accessto energy-related data and inormation is the web

portalcreated by the RIAED project (Box 5.1) (10

).By pooling together resources and tools, the projecthas created a very powerul web portal or French-speaking experts and practitioners in the eld oenergy and development. Te portal is still activeand constantly updated, and is the basis or a grow-ing network o experts. Te success o the portalis documented by the huge amount o inorma-

tion available and the high number o visitorsand downloads. Te project has thus proven howthe Internet can be very useul in pooling anddisseminating inormation.

Missing or scattered inormation can be an import-


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A dynamic web tool for energy and development experts and practitioners

Target countries:

Senegal, Mali, francophone countries

Partners:

Agence sngalaise dlectrification rurale (Senegal)

Services de lnergie en milieu Sahlien (Senegal)

Agence de communication et multimedia Imdia (Senegal)

Amader (Mali)

UEMOA (regional)

Lassociation GRETh (France)

Agence Intergouvernementale de la Francophonie (France)

Association pour la Promotion des Energies Renouvelables asbl (Belgium)

Total budget:EUR 748 892

Project duration:January 2006December 2008

RIAED has created a d namic and po erf l eb portal for French speaking e perts a

Box 5.1: RIAED


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cooperation with the GIZ. different levels, including r

IE-ENERGIA, a project ting attention towards thesustainable energy intervenbuilding in 12 sub-Saharathe course o the project, to engender energy-povertreaching planners, policymopers rom 12 Arican co

also convinced with desiinterventions which oreseing with activities to opacquired know-how, usingtoring their execution. FurtArica network (12) was ened in its human capacitystakeholder in the gender

policy arena. In Latin Ameaddressed, or instance, ENERGIA project, which trstakeholders in Bolivia andrenewable energy use and tion. Te capacity-buildingthe project could be decisivthe project eld, including

and international unds ments. In South-East Asito increase the capacity otries, national utilities and,Cambodia and Laos, with cation planning issues, datthe handling o GIS tools.

In some cases, capacity-btraining and educational a long-lasting impact o thestablished training platotechnologies at training in2IE (13) in Burkina Faso (d

increased in institutions such as ministries, agen-cies, local administrations, nancing entities and

resource centres. Concerning the private sector,some o the training programmes have helped smallenterprises, nancial intermediaries, and develop-ers in their operations, particularly in identiyingbusiness opportunities in rural energy.

Te attribution o impact has been a challeng-ing task in the context o training and capacity-

building. Some reports reerred to the number oparticipants reached through training activities, butin general there has been little monitoring or evalu-ation on how those participants effectively gainedrom the capacity-building during and afer thetraining courses. Nevertheless, a number o targetgroups were ound to have beneted rom train-ing and capacity-building activities initiated in the

ramework o COOPENER-unded actions. Teollowing gives a ew examples o capacity-buildingactivities and their impacts, grouped according tothe main stakeholders targeted by the activities.

First o all, public bodiesat different levels (local,provincial, national and supranational author-ities and institutions) were strengthened. Ministries

and government agencies have demonstrated theircapacity in applying rural energy planning tools.IMPROVES-RE, or instance, helped to build cap-acity on integrated rural energy planning and sof-ware in rural electrication agencies and ministriesin Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali and Niger. Tisenabled the participants to understand, operate andmaintain the GIS-based planning tool promoted by

the project. MICROGRIDS assisted in training andworkshop activities in Senegalor proessionals andlocal authorities on concepts related to renewableenergy sources, energy effi ciency and microgrids,which lead to increased awareness and knowledgeregarding the cost-effective application o renew-


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Promotion of the effi cient use of renewable energies in developing countries

Target countries: Cambodia, Laos

Partners:

Cambodian Education and Waste Management

Organisation (Cambodia)

Institute of Technology of Cambodia (Cambodia)

National University of Laos (Laos)

Technology Research Institute (Laos)

Community Development and Environment

Association (Laos)

Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Sonnenenergie e.V.

(Germany)

European Forum for Economic Cooperation

(Germany)

Turku School of Economics (Finland)

Futures Research Centre (Finland)



Existing bio-energy, solar thermal and photovoltaic guidebooks have been adapted

for training courses in Cambodia and Laos. Almost 1 400 experts, politicians, technic

stakeholders have been trained at three different levels, using a train-the-trainers s

showcases for RE use were established in various communities and, finally, RE trainiset up and equipped in both countries.

The activities were preceded by in-depth socio-economic studies that provided esse

for the training modules on energy and poverty issues in the target countries, as we

surveys on the financial and economic understanding and entrepreneurial compete

stakeholder groups, data collection on financing options and general information co

the RE sector situation. The project convinces through the involvement of trained lo

lower level training activities, thus leading to increased independence from externa

establishment of autonomous structures for capacity-building. The pilot communitie

practice examples for training after the end of the project and are expected to work

electrification with the support of the local project partners. All material developed

distributed to education and training organisations in both countries and will form t

training and the development of advanced training kits. Both coordinator and team

Box 5.2: REEPRO

Train-the-trainers programCourtesy of the REEPRO pr


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5.3. Innovative appro

COOPENER projects havmented innovative approgies to rural energy planneatures o innovation in includes energy analysis/pning tools, practical handtion o monitoring and evaapplied to energy or deve

Innovative planning appinvolvement o non-energculture, health and educaactivities, or the integratactors in energy plannimproved quality o decisparticipatory decision-maeral, local ownership-buil

during the implementatiand approaches, with diffe

Some COOPENER proand implemented tools CRECER CON ENERGIAdecentralised electricatiamong different actors, p

making level, to allow veriable actors and assurther elaborated guideliand evaluation o energy acilitate assessing the easrural energy services. Simin developing guidelines improve critical aspects

management o rural electrenewable energy. Te tooto over 30 key players.

A number o projects wning tools. In Cambodia

Some training activities targeted communitystakeholdersdirectly. GOA VERDE, a project on

biouel production and use in Honduras, ocusedon know-how transer or appropriate crop cultiva-tion, biouel processing and the adaptation o die-sel engines or pure plant oil use. During the courseo the project, more than 400 Honduran armerswere advised on oil crop cultivation, and gainedrst-hand experience. Te REEPRO project, inaddition to other types o beneciaries, also tar-

geted community stakeholders in Cambodia andLaos on different renewable energy options, settingup unctioning showcases or demonstration pur-poses. REEPRO especially convinced through theinvolvement o trained local people in lower leveltraining activities (train-the-trainers concept), thusleading to increased independence rom externalinputs and the establishment o autonomous struc-

tures or capacity-building. Being active in Cam-bodia, Laos and Vietnam, RESIREA assisted inelaborating valuable training material on differentrenewable energy sources and technologies, whichmay serve as replicable modules or similar activ-ities in other regions. raining activities took placewhich enhanced the local stakeholders knowledgeo renewable energy technologies and their decision

capacity or selecting appropriate supply constella-tions. Furthermore, CARAMCODEC, a projectconcerned with more sustainable charcoal produc-tion in Madagascars Boeny region, addressed localstakeholders. In the course o the project, six localtrainers and 418 charcoal-makers in the regionwere trained in more effi cient charcoal production.Following the training, the effi ciency o charcoal

making was doubled, according to a sample surveyo 10 % o the trainees. Lastly, CAREPI undertookintense and progressive training at the local level inIndonesia, also providing ollow-up activities withcontinuous on-the-job training. Te projects coretraining activities ocused particularly on build-


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Promotion of Small-scale Biofuel Production and Use in Honduras

Target country:Honduras

Partners:

Honduran Foundation for Agricultural Investigation

(Honduras)

National Institute for Professional Training(Honduras)

Foundation for Rural Enterprise Development

(Honduras)

Stichting STRO (Netherlands)

Fact Foundation (Netherlands)

Humanistisch Instituut voor ontwikkelings

Samenwerking (Netherlands)

Dajolka (Denmark)

Ageratec (Sweden)

Institute for European Environmental Policy, London (United Kingdom)

Total budget:EUR 1 158 002


An integrated regional economic development approach has been developed and te

promotion of small-scale production and local use of biofuels from oil crops. The pro

know-how transfer for appropriate crop cultivation, biofuel processing and the adap

engines for pure plant oil use. The project set up a local manufacturing and processiestablished a new enterprise for its operation.

More than 400 farmers were advised and got involved in the seeding and planting o

600 ha, partly using credits for such purposes provided and administrated by one of

The project gained valuable information on planting of Jatropha within country-spec

and raised interest among small famers to look at biofuels as an additional source o

provided the opportunity to process oil crops with low-tech self-manufactured equi

raw plant oil. About 50 % of the farmers now participate as shareholders in an enter

production and marketing of biofuels. As a new perspective, the use of pure plant o

stationary engines has been introduced, which may offer new employment and bus

in modifying existing diesel motors. A Dutch NGO has approved a two-year budget

development of the new Regional Biofuels Centre, operated by one of the local part

to disseminate the project experience. Results from the project recorded in a Jatrop

Box 5.3: GOTA VERDE

Food and energy: small-scalof Jatropha intercropping wof STRO


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different levels in policcesses, especially in sub-Sa

duction o energy inormaas well as the developmenplanning proposals, led tointegration o energy in dand, in some cases, also hastrategies. It urther proviment interests by the privinstitutions.

Building on training and ities, project teams were ationalise knowledge transtutions or extend existinactivities have been recordcapacity-development actthe desired institutional

diffi cult to assess denitimonitoring system wouable in order to provide dthe extent to which instwas supportive in creatistructures, responsibilities

Concrete examples o

institutional development

CAREPI supported the einstitutional ramework osub-national level, in linnational governments poo unctions to local admicapacity o the newly o

orums in our target prand strengthened. RESIREtory and assessment o reat provincial level and asdocumenting the energy don geographical and socia

rom the M&EED International Working Groupwas successully tested in six case studies, devel-

oped by the six partnering Arican energy centres,and thus strengthened their capacity and own-ership o the approach. In this context, DEAimproved the M&E capacity o its Arican part-ners and contributed to raising the attention oboth donors and national government offi cials tothe strategic value o appropriate M&E systems aswell as the importance o their institutionalisation

by national authorities.

Concerned with energy effi cient charcoal produc-tion in Madagascars Boeny region, the CARAM-CODEC project employed an innovative plan-ning approach by involving non-energy actors(in this case, actors rom the orestry sector) inenergy-related actions. Working at local and

national levels, the objectives o CARAMCODECwere to integrate concerns about wood energy andurban charcoal supply in the ongoing reorm othe orest management system in Madagascar. Temulti-sectoral approach is also innovative, bring-ing together actors rom energy and non-energysectors (or more inormation, see Section 5.6).Some approaches were innovative in the sense

that they integrated socio-economic actors inenergy planning, or instance IMPROVES-RE insub-Saharan Arica, which included the impactson health, education and the local economy.Being an alternative to conventional methods,the methodology developed by the project wasadopted in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali andNiger.

A promising innovative management approachwas pursued by GOA VERDE in Honduras(Box 5.3). Jatropha armers were engaged asshareholders o an enterprise or the productionand marketing o biouels. More than 400 arm-


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A network-led empowering capacity-building approach for lasting commitment

Target countries: Kenya, Senegal

Partners:

ITDG-EA (Kenya)

ENDA-TM (Senegal)

ETC Foundation (Netherlands) Eco Ltd (United Kingdom)


Project duration:January 2005J

The project realised a broad capac

on the gender dimension of susta

intervention. Through a network o

institutions (ENERGIA Network m

train-the-trainers modules to 40

in turn reached 262 energy, gende

practitioners, including planners, policymakers and project developers from 12 African

gender analysis in Botswana, Kenya and Senegal, allowed the completion of national e

gender audits. Post-training monitoring and assistance followed, building significant loc

commitment.

The noteworthy strength was the empowering approach to capacity development, wh

a typical weakness of training programmes: weak follow-up. By incorporating mechaniup in the training activities, the active participation of trainees was stimulated, notably

formulation and subsequent commitment to the execution of action plansfor eng

policy and action. The post-training activities, which included a mix of follow-up meeti

mentoring, were thus focused on facilitating the realisation of the action plans. The

from many examples of resulting action, including further training commitments, polic

and the creation of gender desks in some of the national bodies engaged. For example

commitment was articulated in its position paper presented to the 15th UN Commissio

Development (May 2007); in Kenya, the Ministry of Energy staffed two gender expertsrural electrification master plan; and in Nigeria, two ministries organised high-level sta

Box 5.4: TIE-ENERGIA

Women preparing clay for the productionof ceramic inserts for improved cooking stoves,

Senegal Courtesy of ENERGIA


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Different types o ollowidentied. First o all, tr

tinuing in the target couproject coordinators andterm impacts could be achers and by supporting traiexample, the local trainersCODEC (Box 5.5) in Madare able, and expected to, activities on more effi cien

GIS-based training activning in Burkina Faso, initbe continued through suInternational DevelopmenTe main ollow-up o BEthe continued training andtwo training platorms onthe project, as well as the

in the Biomass Energy set up by the project). Edother institutions have beBEPINE project in Lasessions and modules habasis or urther capacity-PROVEN project was deswork o existing eld acti

pean partners (the Frenchpour le Monde and the Dudation). Teir commitmebased training and capatinued beyond the projeccentres are operational inequipped with training energy sources developed

REEPRO project.

Various methodologies, and toolson energy resouplanning, developed throin use by governments, t

Renewable Energy and Energy Effi ciency (18). Dueto circumstances beyond the projects inuence,

the efforts on impacting policy did not alwaysdeliver ully. In the case o CARAMCODEC, orinstance, policy inputs and related technical assist-ance have been well received by stakeholders, buthave had limited impact so ar due to a diffi cultpolitical environment. Te draf policy and strat-egy documents would be useul in a potentiallymore conducive policy environment in the uture.

Concerning regional policy impacts, theCOOPENER project ENABLE contributed, incooperation with the UNDP and SIDA (theSwedish International Development CooperationAgency), to the ormulation o a Regional energystrategy or the Energy Commission o the EastArican Community (19), in order to push orward

the development o the Energy Commissionsstrategy on scaling-up access to modern energyservices in East Arica. MEPRED also had animpact at a regional level, inuencing the WhitePaper of the Economic Community of West Afri-can States (ECOWAS) on energy access, and stimu-lating ECOWAS decision to create the RegionalCentre or Renewable Energy and Energy

Effi ciency (ECREEE). ECREEE has now beenestablished: the offi cial inauguration o thecentres secretariat took place in July 2010 (20).

5.5. Sustainability of project activities

Projects have, by nature, limited budgets and time

rames. Sustainability is thus highly dependent onwhether the processes, knowledge, capacity andtools created through the COOPENER projectsare suffi ciently rooted in, and used by, the differ-ent target institutions and groups in the years aferthe end o the project. Other actors are the target


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Improving the sustainability of community practices while stimulating pol

Target country: Madagascar

Partners: Association Participation la Gestion de

lEnvironnement (PARTAGE) (Madagascar) Centre National de la Recherche Applique au

Dveloppement Rural (FOFIFA) (Madagascar) French Agricultural Research Centre for

International Development (CIRAD) (France) Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques

(Belgium)


Project duration:January 2007May 2009

CARAMCODEC, focused on Madagascars Boenyregion, increased the capacity of small businesses and helped implement the dforestry control system, which resulted in more sustainable forest managemendoubling in the effi ciency of charcoal-making. The project developed a handbocharcoal-making, which has been used at local level training. Finally, the projecinputs and related technical assistance at national and regional level.

CARAMCODEC aimed to integrate concerns about wood energy and urban chain the ongoing reform of the forest management system in Madagascar. The susmall businesses promoted new and much more effi cient methods for charcoaand successfully facilitated the implementation of the governments decentralmanagement policy in the Boeny region. Apart from local level efforts, the projactive policy inputs and communication at national level. The CARAMCODEC ademonstrates the important potential for integrating energy in other sectors (forestry), and how local level action can be communicated to, and have an imppolicies. It also demonstrates the importance of cooperation among partners, wcontinue to be present and active in the country after completion of the projec

be able to sustain the outputs and impacts over time. This includes the continucharcoal production handbook, developed by the project.

Box 5.5: CARAMCODEC

Filiere Charbon drawingPhilippe Randriamanantsoa


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UEMOA (Burkina Faso, Bissau and Mali) (SIE-A

energy access in Niger Some options or submitto the Energy Facility weresources afer the termiprojects, and some propoA number o proposals hato the Energy Facility II, 2009. Further EC suppo

Partnership Developmenwhich has supported thmulti-sectoral group on runing in Cameroon establisA previously mentionedwith the help o the EC, inEUEI, and unded by the E

National bodies in EU Mnational development anEuropean NGOshave alsollow-ups:

DANIDA supported projects in Burkina Fao rural electricatio

RE) and training in (MEPRED);

the Dutch-German pDevelopment nanceSenegal (ollowing ME

ADEME supports a r

book based on the m(MEPRED);

ADEME and the Globnership (GVEP) suppweb portal or ranco

Saharan Arica, project coordinators o theollowing projects are continuing previously

COOPENER-supported activities: CARAM-CODEC, MEPRED, IMPROVES-RE, RIAED andPROVEN. Also, DEA project partners continue tobe active in the eld, particularly in the CEMAproject (http://www.cemarica.net) being carriedout in collaboration with the EU Energy Initiativeor Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Develop-ment (EUEI), in support o the Arica EU Energy

Partnership (AEEP), and unded by the Director-ate-General or Development and CooperationsENRP programme (21). Te EC oundation,IE-ENERGIA coordinator, has triggered thelaunch o a ollow-up initiative with unding romDutch and Swedish cooperation agencies. TeOrganisation Internationale de la Francophonie(OIF) project coordinator o SIE-Arique Phase II,

has supported Energy Inormation System activ-ities in other countries, or example Cameroon.Also, OIF is nancing a project (IPEE) whichwill develop energy indicators related to climatechange in two o the SIE countries (Cameroonand ogo). In South-East Asia, CAREPIs synergywith the Dutch Embassy programme on renew-able energy has been inuential, bringing about

the implementation o CASINDO (22

), a subse-quent project launched in June 2009 that ollowsup and expands on CAREPIs work. Te BEPINEcoordinator maintained contact with the partnersafer the end o the project, staged new activitieswith his Latin American partners and receivedrequests or extensions to other countries.

Activities carried out in the ramework oCOOPENER-unded actions have triggered ol-low-ups by international cooperation initia-tives. Other EC programmes have acilitated animportant number o ollow-up initiatives. Terst ACP-EU Energy Facility particularly sup-


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5.6. Synergies create

Several projects providestimulated mutually benedialogue among differentsometimes not used to whaving suffi cient proessithe project.

Some projects employapproach, bringing togethwith actors rom non-enetacts had until then beeactors were involved in en

French Government in order to strengthenthe countrys capacity-building in rural elec-trication planning developed within CAP-REDEO;

the ECOWAS Energy Centre (ECREEE) isnow supported by Spain, France and Austria(MEPRED played a role in the creation o the

centre);

the Dutch NGO Cordaid (Catholic Organisa-tion or Relie and Development) approveda two-year budget or urther developmentand the setting up o the biouels centre

Photo by Fondation nergies pour le Monde/R. Delacloche Courtesy of the PROVEN proj


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Making change: addressing energy as a multi-sectoral issue

Target countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Senegal

Partners:

Direction gnral de lnergie (Burkina Faso)

ENDA (Mali)

Mali Folkecenter (Mali)

Ministre des Mines et de lEnergie (Niger)

Direction de lnergie (Senegal)

ECOWAS (regional)

Agence de lEnvironnement et de la Matrise de

lEnergie, ADEME (France)

DANIDA (Denmark)

GTZ (Germany)

NL Agency (Netherlands)

Total budget:EUR 2 227 000

Project duration:April 2005March 2008

MEPRED focused on Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal, as well as ECOWAS at th

The project helped by integrating energy and poverty issues into national and local p

plans, collecting and analysing data on rural energy, contributing to institution-build

investment opportunities and contributing to regional policies and strategies. The pr

successful in delivering important outputs that also led to immediate follow-up actio

of the project.MEPRED applied a multi-sectoral approach to energy and development issues, by br

energy sector representatives with representatives from agriculture, education, healt

policy, both at national and regional levels. With this approach, the project facilitate

and analysis of information on rural energy in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal,

the development of financial models for energy service delivery. In this way, MEPRED

changes and helped raise substantial additional funds for rural energy activities. At th

the project supported the work on the ECOWAS White Paper on Energy Access, and th

the ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Effi ciency (ECREEE). The projethe important potential of addressing energy and development issues in a multi-sect

led to important policy changes and increased investment. It also shows how a stron

EU Member States and African governments can contribute significantly to sustainab

Box 5.6: MEPRED

Woman using a multifunctioCourtesy of the MEPRED pr


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Training seminar Courtesy of the MICROGRIDS project

Contractors meetings were organised by theEACI in order to strengthen synergies among theCOOPENER projects: the rst contractors meet-ing took place in Brussels, in December 2005 (25)and the second in Berlin, in March 2007 (26), withthe aim to create a COOPENER communityand discuss project outcomes and criteria ormonitoring the COOPENER actions.

At the rst COOPENER contractors meet-ing held in Brussels, representatives o con-sortia responsible or implementing projectsin sub-Saharan countries o Arica wereinvited: nally, 34 participants representing

Te second COOPENing took place in Berthe Arica-Europe 2007 owards anPartnership, hosted bMinistry or EconoDevelopment and thsion under the GermaTe meeting coveredered 86 participantsmembers rom 14 Asuccessul in improvibetween COOPENERsharing o ideas, know


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in Madagascar. Nine deccation (DRE) programm

the project, one or each rprovinces in South Madagtated the presentation o tinvestors, development accies, which led to the unrenewable energy projecta green electricity plan showing the estimated inv

electricity supply options:sidered to be put orwarand donor acilities.

Matching the RES approach to institutionao RES rural electricatiomakes a case or the expl

energy servicemarket appproduct market approachlocal institutional and regthe maturity o the localA set o appropriate recoat stakeholders and marksome common to both product models and some

PACEAA has highlightepartnership opportunitiaged on the execution oinrastructure investmentinitiative, see Section 5.6with the rural communitiTe resulting work on deness models which engaactors has collected eviddenition o the rural eleca social investment, whicsupport as well as the avaiplayer participation.

their country or region o responsibility. How-ever, in the COOPENER actions reviewed, the EC

delegations were actively involved in only a ewcases. IMPROVES-RE and SIE-Arique Phase IIreported on the participation o EC delegations ina ew seminars and workshops, and BEPIA men-tioned regular meetings with the EC delegationsin Burkina Faso and Cameroon. In Latin Amer-ica, within CRECER CON ENERGIA, the ECdelegations o Bolivia and Paraguay were invited

and attended district as well as national andregional workshops. Furthermore, an EC dele-gation participated in a workshop in Ecuador(invited by DOSBE). While or the COOPENERprogramme, the involvement o delegations wasstill rather low, the scenario is changing today, aspioneering sof programmes like COOPENERhave been ollowed by programmes such as the

EC-ACP Energy Facility, and the inclusion oenergy as a sector o cooperation in a number oadditional ACP countries under the 10th EDF.As a result, some EC delegations are acquiringmore specic know-how and capacity to addresssustainable energy issues.

5.7. Fostering investmentTe lack o bankable projects is seen as a majorobstacle by many investors and nancers, orexample. A number o COOPENER projects haveaddressed this issue by employing an investment-oriented ocus.

MIRREIA has deepened the understanding oproject bankability, providing clear evidencerom key inormants that one o the main bar-riers or RES investment projects is not, as gener-ally assumed, access to nance per se, but ratherthe lack o specic skills and project develop-


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Joint design and execution with key stakeholders and effective multi-dono

Target country: Indonesia

Partners:

Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources(Indonesia)

Institute for Research andCommunity Empowerment (Indonesia)

Centre for regional Energy Management ofthe University Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta(Indonesia)

University of Mataram (Indonesia) University of Sumatra Utara (Indonesia) Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands

(Netherlands)

GIZ (formerly GTZ), (Germany)


Project duration:January 2007October 2009

CAREPI supported the Indonesian Government in establishing a new institutiofor energy planning at the regional level, addressing the national energy policydecentralisation of energy planning. The human capacity of the newly formedForumin each of four target provinces was developed and strengthened, as we

of associated local Technical Teams. In addition, four rural communities receivedevelop an energy service strategyand, for one of them, a 120 MWh/year mini-hrealised reaching 320 households and 10 micro-enterprises.

Joint design-execution: Key local stakeholders were engaged as partners (Minand Universities in target provinces), assuring a project design fully in line withfor policy development, and an implementation process progressively buildingresults (new institutions formed and trained). Largely due to the early engagempresent bilateral donor (the Dutch Embassy), also a best practice of multi-don

took place: the EC, the Dutch Embassy and the GIZ coordinated action, createdresponded effectively to the Indonesian energy planning decentralisation need(a) follow-up donor cooperation (CASINDO project); (b) establishment and strlocal energy institutions; (c) local capacity for rural electrification projects formpromotion. In 2010, MEMR published the Indonesia Energy Outlook 2009with a

Box 5.7: CAREPI

Meeting with local communthe development of a mini-hCourtesy of ECN


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Key lessons drawn COOPENER projects:

COOPENER projectthe importance o capacity and systethe regional, nationpolicies and strategiriers and options or iaccess. Such capacitycial or building and d

environment, which ilocal energy markets private investments. institutions, the projto improved energy agrowth and social im

Based on the main outcomes and impacts o theselected COOPENER projects presented in Chap-ter 5, this section highlights a number o key les-

sons and best practices drawn rom the analysedprojects, with the aim o making them available tostaff working in Commission services and Mem-ber States representations working within similarprogrammes.

Organisations based in the EU as well as in targetcountries, such as NGOs, public bodies and com-

mercial organisations, could also make use o theinormation gathered here. Similarly, any organ-isation involved in sustainable energy activitiesin a developing country context could benetrom the best practice examples and key outputsdelivered by the COOPENER projects.

6. Key lessons and best practices


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Te importance o po ollow-up afer p

been highlighted. Soprojects have had a ollow-up, whilst or oect and less visible, anollow-up appears to Te sustainability otheir continuation anment/implementation

ing changes on the gro results and projecoreseen rom the beguture initiatives or energy projects.

COOPENER projectadded value o bringidifferent developing o maximising the syWhile the exchanges bwithin the same projecross-border contactsin some projects: rworkshops mobilisedcases, led to ollow-u

income generation and job creation. Suchcapacity-building is relevant to national and

local governments, the private sector, nanc-ing institutions, training institutions, resourcecentres, NGOs and other stakeholders.

It was demonstrated that the success oinstitutional strengthening actions dependson the strength o local commitments tosustainable energy policies. Most projects

reviewed have put more emphasis on thestrengthening o local energy expertise thanon addressing the challenge o policy devel-opment itsel. However, while in general,there still is a strong demand or capacitydevelopment, it is important to emphasisethat its effectiveness is largely dependenton the ability o local institutions to intern-alise the results o international cooperationefforts, and this requires the commitmento adequate nancial and human resources.Ultimately, strong local commitment to astable and clear sustainable energy policyand regulatory ramework is a basic require-ment or the sustainability o institutionalstrengthening actions.


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the local EU delegatiourther unding. In

EU delegations shoulsystematically inormprojects, but they shouresult-oriented reportpossible urther use.

Making payments onisations: the COOPE

only be used to pay the EU, so all develowere paid as subconwas made to work, buSeveral project partnArica, Latin Americelt that a spirit o equing. Te subcontracticult to implement wwas a government depOne project coordinthe combined and otive constraints rombodies, Arican publipean Commission hadadministrative worklo

COOPENER projecthe need or detailedreporting. Te projechave generally producables and proessioHowever, the good qnot always matched bnal management rep

COOPENER projectimportance o ensurcomes are disseminaterent projects have p

and regional levels. Bringing together actorsrom different projects was also ruitul. For

instance, project teams rom a number oCOOPENER projects in South-East Asiaestablished contacts, leading to urther col-laboration afer the end o the respectiveprojects.

Some projects have demonstrated the addedvalue o engaging with actors rom both theenergy sector and other economic sectors,when working to improve access to mod-ern energy supplies or poverty alleviation.Tis integrative approach has led to moretransparency and higher quality in energyplanning and project development. More-over, multi-stakeholder network-building wasshown to be instrumental in building anenabling policy ramework which helps toexpand the market or decentralised ruralenergy systems.

Specic lessons or designers and managers osustainable energy programmes:

COOPENER projects have shown that it isimportant or project consortia to includestaff with experience in developing coun-tries and with intercultural competence, aswell as staff with international experienceo energy issues.Similarly, it was very helpuli EU-based partners in the project consortiahad a strong representation or even a perman-ent staff representative with local expertiseand language capacities within the targetcountry.

Involvement o EU delegations: theCOOPENER projects did not system-atically work through the local EU delega-


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and in the dedicated boxstories o a number o the

Multi-sectoral procesand project developregional levels: it iant or uture markettogether people rom with people rom thin a local producer-cto involve the privaton the potentials aning energy access (e.gENABLE, MEPRED, GIA and IMPROVESection 5.6).

A vertical approachimplementation of level with policy incation at the nationness of bottom-up ilevel can be improvecomplemented by towhich is designed to

COOPENER projects demonstrated theadded value o using open calls or pro-posals

, which allowed public and private bod-ies to apply or EU unding or cooperationinitiatives, addressing specic demand-drivenissues. Tis approach is complementary to EUdevelopment (bilateral) programmes, whichare normally channelled through nationalauthorities.

Consortia with organisations rom differentEU countries: the COOPENER requirementrelated to the setting up o consortia con-stituted by organisations rom different EUcountries highlighted the benets o workingtogether in energy development cooperation.COOPENER projects acilitated the sharingo strategies, strengths and experiences in theeld, which was one o the objectives o theEUEI.

Best practices developed by the COOPENERprojects are highlighted below. More details onthe concerned projects can be ound in Chapter 5


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tools such as handbREDEO, MEPRECRECER CON ENENEFIBIO projects; s

Increased availabilitinormation on (sudevelopment o webtools and cross-borderbetween energy experers led to an exchangperience, with consido access to inormlead to more joint acresources in the uturRESIREA projects; see

Improved quality antics on energy: the por scattered inormatby introducing energwhich provide up-to-din the respective countion systems are now tries in West and Cconcerned national egain a better unders

successful local practices. Such verticalapproaches can be quite effective in mobi-lising wider support for energy and devel-opment activities and investments (e.g. theCARAMCODEC, ENABLE, PROVEN andCAP-REDEO projects).

Participatory approaches: some projectsinvolved a large number o interest groupsat an early stage with the objective o col-laboratively dening opportunities and bar-riers or the realisation o energy projects.Moreover, in some cases, an adaptive man-agement approach was employed, engaginglocal stakeholders and progressively build-ing ownership, and in this manner increasingthe likelihood o a local uptake o the projectresults (e.g. the ENABLE, IE-ENERGIA,PACEAA, CRECER CON ENERGIA andPEPSE projects).

Innovative tools and approaches orenergy data collection, energy planningand project implementation: COOPENERprojects implemented and, in some cases, ur-ther developed, inter alia, GIS-based energyplanning tools and databases, and practical


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Projects have deepeneproject bankability ansector and potential iidentication and devor bankable projectvate partnership opplighted, as well as micrthe realisation o dece(e.g. the MIRREIA analso Section 5.7).

sector and supporting them in the elaborationand monitoring o more coherent and struc-tured national energy policies (SIE-AriquePhase II; see also Section 5.1).

Implementation-oriented ocus: the lack obankable projects is ofen seen as a majorobstacle to improving rural energy access.Tis was addressed by COOPENER projectswith an implementation-oriented ocus.

C l i


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Te lessons learned will those actors the staff o isations, NGOs, public borganisations in EU andwho are working with sim

Similarly, the best practiceactivities carried out witprojects will be o interestwell as to those organisatsible or carrying out similit may be possible or thempractices as part o their o

Tis assessment o COOPENER projects, organ-ised by the EACI over the period October 2010June 2011 and afer the completion o the lastCOOPENER action, provides a good overview othe impacts and outputs rom the projects as wellas a valuable compilation o lessons learned andbest practices.

COOPENER has provided a rather unique andpioneering experience in terms o internationalcooperation on sustainable development, withinnovative eatures concerning the design, sizeand setting up o project teams rom differentcountries and different skills and experiences.COOPENER projects led to important changeson energy sustainability in the target countries,and have already helped to shape other sustain-able energy programmes, such as the rst ACP-EU Energy Facility as regards ocus, priority areasand unding rules.

7. Conclusions


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Acron ms and abbre iations


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ACP Arican, Caribbean and Pacic StatesADEME LAgence de lenvironnement et de la matrise de lnergieADER Agency or Rural Electrication (Madagascar)AEEP Arica-EU Energy PartnershipCEMA Conerence o Energy Ministers o AricaCEMAC Economic Community o Central Arican StatesDGS Deutsche Gesellschaf r Sonnenenergie e.V.CIRAD Centre de coopration internationale en recherche agronomique poEAC East Arican CommunityEACI Executive Agency or Competitiveness & InnovationEC European CommissionECOWAS Economic Community o West Arican StatesECREEE ECOWAS Regional Centre or Renewable Energy and Energy Effi ciEDF European Development FundEIS Energy Inormation SystemENRP Tematic programme or the Environment and Sustainable Manage

Resources including EnergyEU European UnionEUEI EU Energy Initiative or Poverty Eradication and Sustainable DevelEUEI-PDF EUEI Partnership Dialogue FacilityFEMA Forum o Energy Ministers o AricaGEEREF Global Energy Effi ciency and Renewable Energy FundGEF Global Environment FacilityGIS Geographic inormation systemGIZ German Agency or International Cooperation (ormerly GZ)GNESD Global Network on Energy or Sustainable DevelopmentGIEA Greening the ea Industry in East Arica projectGVEP Global Village Energy PartnershipIEA International Energy Agency

IEE Intelligent Energy EuropeJREC Johannesburg Renewable Energy CoalitionLA Latin AmericaMDG Millennium Development GoalM&E Monitoring and Evaluation

Acronyms and abbreviations


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ANNEXES

Annex 1: Distribution per call and per reg


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Annex 1: Distribution per call and per regfor different steps of the evaluation proc

Te ollowing tables will provide inormation on the number oproposals:

per call: 2003, 2004 and 2005;

per region: sub-Saharan Arica (SSA), Latin America (LA)and South-East Asia (SEA); and

per step o the evaluation process: proposals submitted;eligible proposals evaluated; proposals recommended by theevaluation committee and contracted projects.

(a) Summary table

Proposals 2003 2004 2005

SSA SSA LA SSA LA

Submitted 31 20 8 14 18

Total submitted 31 28 41

Evaluated 29 18 7 13 17

Total evaluated 29 25 39

Recommended 15 9 5 6 4Total recommended 15 14 16

Contracted 14 5 4 5 3

Total contracted 14 9 13

(b) Regional distribution in steps of the evaluation process

Te chart shows the number o proposals/projects per region andper step o the evaluation process.

70 SSA

(c) Success rate per region


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(c) Success rate per region

Tis table shows the success rate submitted versus recommendedproposals per region.

Area Submitted

proposals

Recommended

proposals

Success rate

%

SSA 65 30 46

LA 26 9 35

Asia 9 6 67Total 100 45 45

(d) Submitted proposals per call and region

Call for

proposals

Sub-Saharan

Africa

Latin

America

South-

East Asia

Total

2003 31 31

2004 20 8 28

2005 14 18 9 41

Total 65 26 9 100

(e) Projects per call and region

Call for

proposalsSSA LA SEA Total

2003 14 14

2004 5 4 9

2005 5 3 5 13Total 24 7 5 36

Annex 2: Proposer profiles


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Annex 2: Proposer profiles

Te ollowing tables provide inormation about the origin (EUand target countries) as well as the type o organisations involvedin project proposals to the COOPENER programme.

(a) EU member states involved in recommended proposals

200305 Total SSA LA SEA

No of recommended proposals 45 30 9 6

EU Member States involved 13 13 9 6

EU partners involved 124 83 25 16

Average No of EU partnersper proposal

2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7

(b) Target countries involved in recommended proposals

200305 Total SSA LA SEA

No of recommended proposals 45 30 9 6

No of target countriesinvolved

55 41 9 5

No of local partners involved 159 100 33 26

Average No of local partnersper proposal

2.9 2.4 3.7 5.2

(c) Origin of EU partners in submitted and recommendedproposals

(d) Types of organisations involved in recommended


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(d) Types of organisations involved in recommendedproposals

arget country organisat

Type of organisation

Chamber of Commerce

Consultant

Financing institution

Industrial associationNational administration/ag

NGO/foundation

Research centre

Sub-national administratio

Training institute

University

Utility

Other

Total

EU Organisations involvproposals

EU organisations

Type of organisation No

Chamber of Commerce 5

Consultant 26

Energy agency 5

Energy service company 2Industrial association 7

International organisation 6

National development agency 2

NGO/foundation 15

Research centre 21

Sub-national administration 1

Training institution 1

University 29

Other 4

Total 124

EU Organisations involved in recommendedproposals

Energy agency

Chamber of Commerce

Consultant

Other

University

Traininginstitution

Sub-nationaladministration

Energy servicecompany

Other

University

Traininginstitute

Sub-national

Utility


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SouthAfrica

Swaziland

Africa


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nAfrica

Liberia

Mali

Mauritania

Niger

Nigeria

SaintHelena

Senegal

SierraLeone

Gambia

Togo

Burundi

Comoros

DjiboutiEritrea

Ethiopia

Kenya

Madagascar

Malawi

Mauritius

Mayotte

Mozambique

Runion

Rwanda

Seychelles

Somalia

Sudan

Uganda

Tanzania

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Angola

Cameroon

CentralAfricanRepublic

Chad

Congo

Dem.Rep.oftheCongo

EquatorialGuinea

Gabon

SoTomandPrncipeBotswana

Lesotho

Namibia

WesternAfrica

EasternAfrica

CentralAfrica

SouthernA

Annex 4: Overview of the 36 COOPENER


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In Annex 4, inormation is provided on the 36 projects contracted by the COOPoverview table indicates the projects location, call and project duration. Projecassessment are marked. Subsequently, more detailed acts on the projects are giv

(a) Overview

Project acronym Contract No Location Call

ANDENERGY EIE/05/141 LA 2004

APPLES EIE/04/168 SSA 2003

BEPINET EIE/05/139 LA 2004

BEPITA EIE/04/032 SSA 2003

CAP-REDEO EIE/06/265 Asia 2005

CARAMCODEC EIE/06/244 SSA 2005

CAREPI EIE/06/261 Asia 2005

CRECER CON ENERGIA EIE/05/212 LA 2004

DEA EIE/04/201 SSA 2003

DOSBE EIE/06/255 LA 2005

EETT EIE/05/215 SSA 2004

E-MINDSET EIE/06/250 SSA 2005

ENABLE EIE/04/099 SSA 2003

ENEFIBIO EIE/04/129 SSA 2003

ENERGY CENTRAL EIE/06/240 LA 2005

GOTA VERDE EIE/06/277 LA 2005HABIT@ EIE/05/196 LA 2004

IE4Sahel EIE/04/131 SSA 2003

IMPROVES-RE EIE/04/133 SSA 2003

Project acronym Contract No Location Call


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(b) Project information

ANDENERGY

Andean Energy Hub

Target area: Latin America

Countries: Peru, Ecuador

Coordinator: Inter-university Research Centrefor Sustainable Development, Sapienza

University of Rome (Italy)Partners: Instituto Superior Tcnico (Portugal);Research Centre for Sustainable Development,Catholic University of Santo Toribio deMogrovejo (Peru); University of Piura (Peru);Andean Community (Peru); Centro de Ecologa yGnero (Peru); Escuela Politecnica del Litoral Guayaquil (Ecuador)

Duration: 1.1.200631.12.2007

Total budget: EUR 383 190

Benefits: Poverty reduction in rural, peri-urbanand urban communities of Peru and Ecuador

APPLES

Alleviation of Poverty throf local Energy Services

Internet: http://appleson

Target area: Sub-Saharan

Country: South Africa

Coordinator: Energy ReseNetherlands (Netherlands

Partners: Technical Unive(Denmark); Chancellor, Mof the University of OxforUniversity of Cape Town ((South Africa)

Duration: 1.6.200531.7.20

Total budget: EUR 815 94Benefits: Improved accesfor poor people; income-gactivities; job creation

RENDEV EIE/06/248 Asia 2005

RESIREA EIE/06/272 Asia 2005RIAED EIE/05/061 SSA 2004

SIE-Afrique Phase II EIE/04/236 SSA 2003

SURE-Africa EIE/06/274 SSA 2005

TIE-ENERGIA EIE/04/198 SSA 2003

TreeSpa EIE/06/278 SSA 2005

ANDENERG APPLES


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BEPINET

Biomass Energy Platforms Implementationfor Training in Latin America Network

Target area: Latin America

Countries: Brazil, Ecuador, Peru

Coordinator: French Agricultural ResearchCentre for International Development (CIRAD)(France)

Partners: Universit Catholique de Louvain(Belgium); Aston University (United Kingdom);IBAMA (Brazil); UFPA (Brazil); UNAS, (Peru);INIAP (Ecuador)

Duration: 1.1.200631.12.2008


Benefits: Bio-energy contribution todevelopment, equity and sustainability

BEPITA

Biomass Energy Platformsfor Training in Africa

Internet: http://www.bep


Countries: Burkina Faso,

Coordinator: French AgriCentre for International D

(France)Partners: Universit Cath(Belgium); Ecole Inter-EtalEquipement Rural (Burkien Solaire et METallique (Ecole Nationale Suprieu(Cameroon)

Duration: 1.1.200531.12.2


Benefits: Strengthening land developing energy prin Africa

CAP-REDEO

CAPacity and institutional strengtheningfor Rural Electrification and development,

Decentralised Energy OptionsInternet: http://www.cap-redeo.com/

Target area: Asia

Countries: Cambodia, Laos

Coordinator: Innovation EnergieDveloppement (France)

Partners: ETC Foundation (Netherlands);Innovative Engineering Group (Cambodia);

Ministry of Industry Mines and Energy(Cambodia); Ministry of Industry andHandicrafts (Laos); SV Consultants (Laos)

Duration: 1.1.200731.12.2009


CARAMCODEC

Improved Carbonisation aForestry Control in Madag

Internet: http://caramcod


Country: Madagascar

Coordinator: French Agri

Centre for International D(France)

Partners: Centre Wallon dAgronomiques (Belgium);Participation la Gestion(PARTAGE) (Madagascar)

BEPINET

CAP-REDEO

EPITA

CARAMCODEC


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CAREPI

Contributing to poverty Alleviation throughRegional Energy Planning in Indonesia

Internet: http://www.carepi.info/

Target area: Asia

Country: Indonesia

Coordinator: Energy Research Centre of theNetherlands (Netherlands)

Partners: Deutsche Gesellschaft frTechnische Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GTZ)(Germany); Ministry of Energy and MineralResources (Indonesia); Institute for Researchand Community Empowerment (Indonesia);Centre for regional Energy Management ofthe University Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta(Indonesia); University of Mataram (Indonesia);University of Sumatra Utara (Indonesia)

Duration: 1.1.200731.10.2009Total budget: EUR 897 074

Benefits: Capacity-building on regional energypolicy formulation and developing concretemini-hydro projects

CRECER CON ENERGIA

Linking Income-GeneratinMicro-enterprises with EnPoor in the Chaco Region

Internet: http://www.cre

Assessment of the COOPENER programme of the European Commission (2011)

Documents

Transcript of Assessment of the COOPENER programme of the European Commission (2011)