ASSESSING RESIDENT FAUNAL ASSEMBLAGE SIMILARITY BETWEEN RESTORED AND NATURAL OYSTER REEFS Keith...
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Transcript of ASSESSING RESIDENT FAUNAL ASSEMBLAGE SIMILARITY BETWEEN RESTORED AND NATURAL OYSTER REEFS Keith...
ASSESSING RESIDENT FAUNAL ASSEMBLAGE SIMILARITY BETWEEN RESTORED AND NATURAL OYSTER REEFS
Keith Walters1 and Loren Coen2
1Marine Science Department, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC2Marine Resources Research Institute, SCDNR, Charleston, SC
Possible Success Metrics
OYSTER REEF RESTORATION GOAL
Metric Habitat Shoreline WQ Harvesting Broodstock Education
Reef Condition
Density X X X X X X
Size Freq. X X X X X ?
Reef Size X X X X X
Associated Fauna X X X
Reef Architecture X X ? X X
Landscape
Fragmentation X X ? X X
Salinity X X X X X
DO X sub X X X X
Chl X
TSS/Turbidity X X
Temperature X X X
Associated Fauna Properties
Species Richness Species Composition
Time (yrs.)0 2 4 6 8 10
Species Richness0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
RestoredNatural
The General Question(Species Presence/Absence & Abundance)
Natural Restored
S
P
E
C
IES
A 0 0
B 0 6
C 10 0
D 24 19
E 3 65
Analytic Approaches
Analyses of “Composition”Multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA)Co-occurrence (EcoSim)Complex Samples GLM (CSGLM)
Analyses of SimilarityClustering & OrdinationPermutation Analyses
ANOSIM (PRIMER)PERMANOVA
“Composition” CaveatsMANOVA
Data limitationsReplicates limit dependent
variables
AssumptionsIndependenceNormalityMultivariate homogeneity
Model approachFailing to reject null hypothesis
“Similarity” Caveats
Species
Site A B C
1 0 1 1
2 1 0 0
3 0 4 4
Site
Site 1 2 3
1 0
2 1.73 0
3 4.24 5.74 0
Metric Distance Properties
1) x1 = x2 → d(x1, x2) = 0
2) x1 ≠ x2 → d(x1, x2) > 0
3) d(x1, x2) = d(x2, x1)
4) d(x1, x2) + d(x2, x3) ≥ d(x1, x3)
Orloci’s Paradox
The Specific QuestionAre the resident faunal communities on
natural and constructed intertidal oyster reefs compositionally similar?
When does the resident species composition of constructed reefs approach that of natural reefs?
Mean Resident Species
Compositional Similarity Between
Natural and Constructed Reefs at
Two Locations in Charleston, SC
Experimental Design
Locations = 2Toler’s Cove & Inlet Creek
Treatments = 2Natural & Constructed
Replicate Reefs = 3ca. 24 m2 each
Subsamples = 3Sample area = 0.14 m2
Sampling Dates = 1996 to 2001, Jan. & July
The Data(Resident Reef Taxa)
Total Abundance
Common Taxa (January)Boonea impressa 7,409Brachidontes exustus 3,764Eurypanopeus depressus 1,107Eurytium limosum 65Geukensia demissa 4,072Mercenaria mercenaria 1Neopanope sayi 7Panopeus herbstii 860Panopeus obesus 228Petrolisthes armatus 76Xanthids (juveniles) 1,768
MANOVA
Inlet, all taxa
Inlet, partial taxa
Effect 1996 p 1998 p
Trt 4.70 n.s. 2.17 n.s.
Reef(Trt) 2.04 n.s. 1.13 n.s.
Effect 1996 p 2001 p
Trt 62.6 <0.001 6.64 <0.05
Reef(Trt) 2.40 <0.009 2.48 <0.008
Co-Occurrence(http://www.garyentsminger.com/ecosim/index.htm)
Inlet, all taxa
Inlet, partial taxa
Effect 1996 p 1998 p
Constructed 1.75> <0.001 1.91> <0.001
Natural 1.60> <0.001 1.99> <0.001
Effect 1996 p 2001 p
Constructed 2.50 n.s. 0.32 n.s.
Natural 0.00 n.s. 0.57 n.s.
ANOSIM(http://web.pml.ac.uk/primer/index.htm)
Inlet, all taxa
Inlet, partial taxa
Effect 1996 p 1998 p
Trt -.28 n.s. 0.00 n.s.
Reef(Trt) 0.69 <0.002 0.45 <0.005
Effect 1996 p 2001 p
Trt 0.14 n.s. -.06 n.s.
Reef(Trt) 1.00 n.s. 0.26 <0.04
PERMANOVA(http://www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~mja/Programs.htm)
Inlet, all taxa
Inlet, partial taxa
Effect 1996 p 1998 p
Trt 1.31 n.s. 3.07 <0.02
Reef(Trt) 3.56 <0.001 2.97 <0.001
Effect 1996 p 2001 p
Trt 15.7 <0.001 3.68 <0.004
Reef(Trt) 1.48 n.s. 3.08 <0.002
Conclusions
No easy analytic approach to examine community compositional change over time given complex experimental designs.
Taxa pool determination can effect results of most analyses.
All Taxa Partial Taxa
Analysis 1996 1998 1996 2001
MANOVA n.s. n.s. <0.001 <0.05
ECOSIM n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
ANOSIM n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
PERMANOVA n.s. <0.02 <0.001 <0.004