Assessing Powered Two Wheelers’ display and control ... · Assessing Powered Two Wheelers’...
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Sebastian WILL Thomas HAMMER Cologne, October 4 th , 2016 11 th International Motorcycle Conference (ifz) Assessing Powered Two Wheelers’ display and control concepts – results from a pilot study
Transcript of Assessing Powered Two Wheelers’ display and control ... · Assessing Powered Two Wheelers’...
Sebastian WILL Thomas HAMMER Cologne, October 4th, 2016 11th International Motorcycle Conference (ifz)
Assessing Powered Two Wheelers’ display and control concepts – results from a pilot study
• Motivation • Methods
– DESMORI Dynamic Motorcycle Riding Simulator – Background – Secondary tasks – Test procedure
• Results – Manipulation check – Gaze behavior – Riding behavior
• Discussion • Outlook
Agenda
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What do these components have in common?
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Motivation
Source: WP/ KTM Source: Ducati
Source: Bosch
What do these components have in common?
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Motivation
Source: Bosch
Source: KTM
Source: BMW Motorrad
Source: Ducati
A need for new display and control concepts…
• Field tests containing instructed interaction with display and control concepts may be too dangerous
• Offline tests can not deliver information on – Effects on the human-machine interaction as
secondary task while riding – Even more important: effects of secondary task
engagement on riding performance
• Easy inclusion in the early development process
Motorcycle simulators as a new research tool to assess Human Machine Interface (HMI) concepts
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Motivation: Why using a motorcycle simulator?
• Motivation • Methods
– DESMORI Dynamic Motorcycle Riding Simulator – Background – Secondary tasks – Test procedure
• Results – Manipulation check – Gaze behavior – Riding behavior
• Discussion • Outlook
Agenda
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Methods – simulator description
DESMORI simulator • Mockup: BMW F 800 • 6 DoF Steward platform • 220° horizontal field of view • In-helmet sound system • Body shaker • Steering torque (up to ~80 Nm) • TFT-Displays as cockpit and mirrors • Camera based eye-tracking • Video recording of the riding and
secondary task
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• Research question – Can a method, designed for the evaluation of HMIs in the
automotive sector, be used to assess motorcycle HMIs, too?
• Independent variable – Visual-manual secondary task (4 levels): Operating secondary
tasks on a navigation system with different task duration while riding the simulator
• Participants – N = 10 simulator-trained subjects (3 women, 7 men) – Mean age M = 26.80 years; SD = 5.12
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Methods - background
Methods- secondary tasks
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Manual destination entry (MDE)
Navigation to the next gas station (GAS)
Navigation to home address (HOM)
Shift to night vision (NIV)
2x
Familiarization
• Familiarization with the riding simulator •10 minutes
Secondary tasks
•Offline practice of secondary tasks •10 minutes
Test trials
•4 secondary task trials + 1 baseline (permutated order) •4 – 7 minutes each •Questionnaires after each secondary task trial
Final inquiry
• Final inquiry •10 minutes
Methods – test procedure
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• Two lanes with additional emergency lane
• Lead vehicle with fix velocity profile
• No overtaking
Methods – test procedure
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Riding task using an enhanced reality strip
Methods – test procedure
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„distance too small“ < 1.0 seconds
„instructed distance“ 1.0 - 1.8 seconds
„distance too large“ > 1.8 seconds THW
• Motivation • Methods
– DESMORI Dynamic Motorcycle Riding Simulator – Background – Secondary tasks – Test procedure
• Results – Manipulation check – Gaze behavior – Riding behavior
• Discussion • Outlook
Agenda
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Results – manipulation check
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• Time on task meets the expectations. • Participants’ ratings of task difficulty is in line with the hypotheses.
Time on task
MDE GAS HOM NIV0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Dur
atio
n [s
]
Mean Mean ± sd
How disturbing was the secondary task?
MDE GAS HOM NIV0
2
4
6
8
10
[0-1
0]
Mean Mean ± sd
• Frequency of glance aversions differs clearly between the different secondary tasks.
• Mean glance duration is almost comparable between tasks. • More gazes longer than 2 sec in the manual destination entry task.
Results - gaze behavior
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MDE GAS HOM NIV02468
1012141618202224
Num
ber o
f gaz
es n
avig
atio
n sy
stem
Mean Mean±sd
n=7 n=15n=14n=12MDE GAS HOM NIV
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Mea
n gl
ance
dur
atio
n [s
]
Mean Mean±sd
n=6 n=12 n=14 n=15
MDE GAS HOM NIV02468
1012141618202224262830
Sum
gaz
es n
avig
atio
n sy
stem
[s] Mean
Mean±sd
n=6
n=15n=14
n=12
Manual destination entry (MDE)
Nav. next gas station (GAS)
Navigation to home address (HOM)
Shift to night vision (NIV)
Gazes > 2 sec. 13.33% 0.83% 5.97% 5.41%
• SDLP is well-known to indicate the level of distraction / increased
workload for passenger car drivers.
• No effect of type of task on the SDLP.
Results – riding behavior
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SDLP - Manual destination entry
Sec. task Baseline0.300.320.340.360.380.400.420.440.460.480.500.520.54
[m]
Mean Mean ± SE Mean ± 1.96 * SE
SDLP - Navigation to a gas station
Sec. task Baseline0.220.240.260.280.300.320.340.360.380.400.420.440.46
[m]
Mean Mean ± SE Mean ± 1.96 * SE
SDLP - Navigation to home address
Sec. task Baseline
0.160.180.200.220.240.260.280.300.320.340.360.380.40
[m]
Mean Mean ± SE Mean ± 1.96 * SE
SDLP - Changing between night and day view
Sec. task Baseline0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
[m]
Mean Mean ± SE Mean ± 1.96 * SE
Lateral control
Participants‘ lateral control is more unsteady when being engaged in a secondary task compared to baseline.
Results – riding behavior
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Manual destination entry
Navigation next gas station
Navigation to home address
Shift to night vision
125.57% 155.97% 131.17% 140.82%
Directional changes in the lateral position compared to baseline.
Example
Lateral control
Results – riding behavior
Less adjustment of throttle position when being engaged in a secondary task while riding.
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Longitudinal control
MDE GAS HOM NIV0123456789
101112
Perc
enta
ge o
f tim
e w
ith th
rottl
e po
sitio
nad
just
men
t [%
]
Sec. Task Baseline
Results – riding behavior
Manual destination entry
The riders spend less time in the instructed distance range during manual destination entry compared to baseline.
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• Motivation • Methods
– DESMORI Dynamic Motorcycle Riding Simulator – Background – Secondary tasks – Test procedure
• Results – Manipulation check – Gaze behavior – Riding behavior
• Discussion • Outlook
Agenda
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Transferring a standard test procedure from the passenger car to the motorcycle sector is generally possible. • Subjective ratings, gaze behavior as well as riding data are sensitive
to variations of the secondary tasks.
• Some passenger car parameters can be applied while others can not. (Vgl.: NHTSA (2006). Driver workload metrics task 2 final report (No. HS-810 635).)
• The effect of riding one-handedly as an alternative explanation to the effects of the different visual-manual tasks needs to be assessed.
• The comparison of passenger car driving and motorcycle riding with the same secondary task could deliver valuable information to understand motorcycle specifics.
Further motorcycle specific research is needed.
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Discussion
Investigation of display and control concepts may be benefitial to face newly arising challenges:
• Combined display and control concepts: touchscreen.
• Fully digital cockpits.
• Electric Powered Two Wheelers may call for new specific information.
• Head-up displays as in-helmet solution
• …
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Outlook
Source: motorcycles.about.com\Harleydavidson
Source: BMW Motorrad
Source: EICMA 2015
The project DESMORI was supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy on the basis of a decision by the German Bundestag (Zentrales Innovationsprogramm Mittelstand, ZIM).
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Acknowledgement
Würzburger Institut für Verkehrswissenschaften GmbH (WIVW) Robert-Bosch-Straße 4 97209 Veitshöchheim Tel.: +49-(0)931-78009203 Fax: +49-(0)931-78009150 E-mail: [email protected]
Dipl.-Psych. Sebastian Will
Thank you!
NHTSA., 2012. Visual-Manual NHTSA Driver Distraction Guidelines for In-Vehicle Electronic Devices. Docket No. NHTSA-2010-0053. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Washington.
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NHTSA Guideline
