ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

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ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

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ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

Transcript of ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

Page 1: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE

REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

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S.No. CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION

Need for the study

Statement of the problem

Objectives

Operational Definitions

Hypothesis

Assumption

Projected Outcome

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

III. RESEARCH METHODDLOGY

Research Design

Setting of the Study

Population

Sample and Sampling Technique

Criteria for sample selection

Instrument

Validity of the Tool

Data collection procedure

Plan for data analysis

IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

V. DISCUSSION

VI. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION

RECOMMENDATION AND LIMITATION

VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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RESEARCH CHAPTER – I

INTRODUCTION

Breastfeeding is the ideal from of feeding in the neonate.Artifical feeding

exposes the infant to infection and results in over a million death annually world

wide due to its illeffects.

World breast feeding week is August first week(1-7days)

The Care for a child needs to begin is the first few hours of life with

exclusive breast feeding and appropriate interventions at 4-6 months in the form of

timely complementary feeding.

Exclusive breast feeding for 6 months means that the infant receives only

breast milk from her mother on expressed breast milk who other foods or drinks

with the exception of drops or medications, during this time and after 6 months

breast feeding should continue for 24 hrs or more along with appropriate

complementary feedings.

Good nutrition is one of the basic components of health and as particulars of

optimal child development survival and maintenance of health through our life.

The nutritional and health status of infants depends mainly on the feeding

practices of the community. Early life is a period of rapid growth with the weight of

infant doubling by 6 months and tripling by one year of age

(Dr.Riten Kumar, 2004)

Infants constitute 3% of India’s population and through their chances of

survival have improved by nearly 50% in the last 20 years the infant mortality

rate(IMR) of India is 74/1000 live births, much higher than the IMR of the

development world which stands at 8/1000 live births. Many low cost measures like

immunization exclusive breast feeding growth monitoring.

All New born who cry soon after birth and do not show any signs of illness

must be kept close to their mother and put to the breast soon after birth. This will

ensure warmth initiation of breast feeding and emotional bonding-Breast feeding

should be initiated within the first hour after birth .

Exclusive breast feeding will saves lives of many babies by preventing malnutrition

infection like diarrhoea

(S.S.PRABHVDEVA)

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Breast feeding Promotion Network of India(BPNI) 2002, says, infants

aged (0-5)months who are not breastfed have seven fold and five fold increased risk

of death from diarrhoea compared with infants who are exclusively breastfeed. At

the same age, non exclusive breast feeding results in more than two fold creased risk

of dying from diarrhea .Infants aged 6-11 months who are not breast fed also have

been an increased risk of such deaths.

The 10th five year plan of Government of India (2003-2007) had set a

target to increase exclusive breast feeding rate to 80% during first 6 months from

the current level of around 40.5% and increased rate initiation of breast feeding

within one hour to 50% from the current level of about 15% and increased rate of

complementary feeding from 33.5%to75% to reduce infant and childhood mortality

and improve health and development of infants and young children.

There is a crucial window of opportunity provide the support and information

necessary for breast feeding. One of the more commonly used breast feeding

assessment tool is called the “ LATCH” tool .This tool is utilized to assess the

mother and infant by further identifying areas where assistance is needed. The

components of this tools assess.

L : The infants Latch

A : Available swallowing

T : The mother’s type of nipple

C : Comfort with breastfeeding

H : Infant hold

(Dr.Mrs.S.KAMALA,Dr.Mrs.JEYAGOWRI,

Dr.Mrs.KALAVATHI,Dr.Mrs.GANDHIMATHI ,2008)

They have A to Z about breast feeding

The following will give complete array of information about breast milk and

its benefits to babies

A - Anaemia

B - Bonding

C - Colostrum

D - Dehydration

E - Easiness

F - Feed

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G - Growth

H - High risk babies

I - Immunological

J - Jaw development

K - Kids problems

L - Long term benefits

M - Mental development

N - Nutritional advantages

O - Obesity

P - Pain

Q - Quicker brain growth

R - Respiratory infections

S - Sudden death syndrome

T - Type II diabetes

U - Urinary Tract infections

V - Vaccine

W - Warm chain

X - Exactly

Y - Your baby

Z - Zero waste

Ensure exclusive breast feeding during first 6 months of life , additional

water is not necessary even in summer.

Breast feeding should be continued during diarrhea as well as other illnesses

It help’s the baby to get optimal nutrition and recover from the illness faster.

NEED FOR THE STUDY

Currently only 31% of Indian mothers practices demand feeding must be

practised by educating mothers regarding breast feeding inorder to improve the

health of the mother and the baby.

The mother of today has adopted to the recent trends of life style replacing

traditional ones. There are many changes one of which is changes in cultural

diversity and the majority of mothers (68.3%) breast feed on the day of delivery

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while 31.6% of mothers rejected colostrums as bad for the child, whereas 81.3%

considered it is good.

Recent study from Ghana found that 22% of deaths new borns would have

been prevented of new borns started breast feeding, with in one hour of

birth ,irrespective of whether they were exclusively breast feed later or not.

Extrapolating the data to other countries, the same researches estimated that if 99%

of infants started breast feeding on the first day of Life a total of 867,000 lives could

be saved worldwide and if they started breastfeeding within one hour of birth, then

31% of all neonatal death could the prevented, which amounts to 1,117,000. India

can save its 2,50,000 babies annually by just one action..

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM :

A Study to assess the knowledge , attitude and practice regarding

breastfeeding among primi mothers in Government Hospital at Dharapuram.

OBJECTIVES :

To assess the demographic variables of primi mothers .

To assess the knowledge regarding breast feeding among primi mothers

To assess the attitude regarding breast feeding among primi mothers.

To assess the practice regarding breast feeding among primi mothers.

To correlate the knowledge attitude regarding breast feeding among

primi mothers.

To find out the association between the knowledge regarding breast feeding

among primi mothers with their demographic variables.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS :

ASSESS :

It means the process of collecting, organizing,validating and recording data.

In the study, the knowledge of primi mothers regarding breast feeding is assessed.

KNOWLEDGE :

Information gained through experience on education. It refers to correct

response of the primi mothers regarding breast feeding which is measured by

structured questionairre.

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ATTITUDE :

It means mental stance that is composed of different beliefs, usually

involving a positive or negative judgements towards a person, object or idea . In this

study it refers to the attitude of breastfeeding among primi mothers which is

measured by 3 point likert scale.

PRACTICE:

It means the way of doing something. In this study if refers to the practice of

breast feeding among primi mothers which is measured by observational check list.

BREASTFEEDING:

Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk

directly from human breasts.

PRIMI MOTHERS:

Primi mothers is the one who has given birth for the first time.

ASSUMPTIONS:

Primi mothers have inadequate knowledge regarding breast feeding

Primi mothers are not aware of proper techniques of breast feeding.

Primi mothers will vary in breast feeding practice according to socio cultural

factors.

LIMITATIONS:

Sample size is limited to 30

The study is limited to the primi mothers admitted in Government Hospital,

Dharapuram.

PROJECTED OUTCOME:

This study helps to assess the knowledge about breast feeding of the primi

mothers in Government Hospital at Dharapuram.

This study will help the primi mothers to analyse the importance of breast

feeding and it techniques.

It helps to improve the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of breast

feeding among primi mothers in Government Hospital, Dharapuram.

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CHAPTER – II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This Chapter includes review of literature for this study which is organized

under the following headings.

PART – I

Overview of breast feeding

PART –II

Studies related to breast feeding

PART- I

OVERVIEW OF BREASTFEEDING:

It is the ideal form of infant feeding and is crucial for life long health and

well being. Breast feeding is the birth right of every baby .Nature has so designed

that when a baby is born a readymade food in the form of breast milk flows like

divine nectar. Breast feeding is natural and instinctive every mother want to

breastfeed her baby and she must the provided with necessary guidance every

mother can successfully breastfeed and provide a best start in life to her baby.

DEFINITION OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING:

Only breast milk is given no other food or drink not even water is given an

infant should be exclusively breast feed for 6 months of life.

COMPONENTS OF THE BREAST MILK:

FAT:

Provides the baby with more than 50% of his caloric requirements.

LACTOSE:

There is more lactose in human milk than in any other mammalian milk,

PROTEIN:

Human milk contains has than half the amount of protein contained in cow’s

milk., but because of its easy digestibility it provides the baby with the ideal

quantity.

VITAMIN –A

Mature human milk contains 280 international units(IU) of vitamin A if

vitamin A and colostrums contains twice that amount cow’s milk contains only 180

IU

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VITAMIN –D

It is now believed that both water soluble and for soluble vitamin D are

present in human milk.

VITAMIN –E

Human colostrument is rich in vitamin E and the levels in mature human

milk are higher than in cow’s milk.

VITAMIN-K

This vitamin is essential for the synthesis of blood clotting factors. It is

present in human milk and absorbed efficiently.

VITAMIN B COMPLEX:

All of the B Vitamins are present at levels which believed to provide the

baby with his necessary daily requirements.

VITAMIN –C

Human milk contains 43mg/100ml is vitamin C compared with 21 mg/100ml

in fresh cow’s milk.

IRON

Normal full term babies are usually born with a high hemoglobin level (16-

22g/dl ) which decreases rapidly after birth.

ZINC

This trace mineral is essential to humans. A deficiency may result in failure

to thrive and typical skin lesions.

OTHER MINERALS

Human milk has significantly lower levels of calcium, phosphorus ,sodium

and potassium than cow’s milk.

OTHER IMPORTANT PROPERTIES

IMMUNOGLOBULINS:

IgA ,IgG, IgM, and IgD are all found in human milk.

LYSOZYME:

LYSOZYME Is present in breast milk in concentrations 5000 times greater

than in cow’s milk.

LACTOFERRIN

LACTOFERRIN Is abundant in human milk but is not present in cow’s

milk

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THE BIFIDUS FACTOR:

THE BIFIDUS FACTOR in human milk promotes the growth of gram-

positive bacilli in the gut –flora ,particularly Lactobaccillus bifidus,which

discourages the multiplication of pathogens.

ANTI-ALLERGIC FACTORS:

Allergic problems occur less frequently in breastfeed babies than in bottle

fed babies.

TECHNIQUES OF BREASTFEEDING:

Mother should take bath daily and wear clean cloths.

Mother should clean her breast and hands before starting the feed.

Mother should sit comfortable position .The baby head should be elevated.

Identify cues for breastfeeding (Rooting, Sucking, hand to mouth

movement).

Hold the infant close facing the breast with chest.

Start feeding the baby before becomes hungry.

Support the breasts in the palm of her hands allowing the nipple to pay

through the index and the middle fingers into the infants mouth.

The infant should drawn both the nipple and areola in to her mouth.

The baby’s nose should not be obstructed the breast tissues.

Change the breast with each feed

Allow him to suckle at one breast for 10-15 minutest or more.

End the feed by introducing a finger in between corner of the mouth of infant

breast tissues to break the suction to avoid injury the nipple.

Do not keep the baby in supine position. Burp the baby immediately after

feeding.

Burp is keep the baby on the shoulders and gently tap the back to ensure

release of air from the stomach and digestion.

ADVANTAGES OF BREASTFEEDING:

BENEFITS TO THE BABY:

o Breast milk is a complete food and it provides all the nutrients a baby needs

during first 6 months of life.

o Breast milk contains a number of anti-infective substances and antibodies

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o Breast fed babies are less likely to suffer from allergic disorder like asthma

and eczema

o Breast feeding provides immunological benefits to the baby for the life time.

o Breast feeding provides emotional security.

BENEFITS TO THE MOTHER:

During breast feeding there is a release of oxytocin to eject the milk,

oxytocin helps to contract the uterus.

Breast feeding delays ovulation and onset of menstruation.

Breast feeding is convenient

Breast feeding helps to maintain and regain the pre pregnancy body weight.

Mothers who breast feed their babies have a reduced risk of development of

breast and ovarian cancer.

SORE AND DAMAGED NIPPLES:

It is due to trauma from the baby’s mouth and tongue which results from

incorrect positioning baby’s mouth to the breast

ENGORGEMENT:

The breasts are hard ,painful and sometimes flushed.

MASTITIS:

It means inflammation of the breast

BREAST ABSCESS:

A fluctuant swelling develop in a previously inflammed area.

LONG NIPPLE:

It leads to poor feeding

INVERTED AND FLAT NIPPLE

Initiates lactation by expressing the milk.

PART – II

STUDIES RELATED TO BREAST FEEDING

Okolo S.N(1999) conducted on current breast feeding knowledge , attitude

and practices of mothers in five rural communities in the savannah region of

Nigeria. The knowledge attitude and practice regarding breast feeding among 310

mothers in five rural communities in Toto local Government in Nassarwa state.

‘Nigeria were investigated using a questionnaire.162(52.3%) were illiterate while

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148(47.7%) had either primary or secondary school education. Apart from giving

babies colostrums, which was seen amongst with higher levels of educations

(P<0.001) other practices investigated such as exclusive breast feeding, demand

feeding” rooming in” and time of first breast feeding and time of breast feed were

not influenced by the mothers level of education. All mothers attended the antenatal

clinic but only 103(33.3%) received instructions from the health worker on breast

feeding and 46.8% delivered at home. Only 28.6% of babies were breast feed with

in 24 hours of birth.

A mean time after birth for the first breast feeding was 47.7 hours. Although

breastfeeding is widely practiced, none of the babies was exclusively breasted and

prelacteal feeds ranging from water. formula. The practice of discarding colostrums

and replacing if with a wide range of prelacteal feeds and late initiation of breast

feeding has implication for health education programmes and neonatal feeding

strategies.

Nanthine Subbaish (2000) conducted a study to arrears the knowledge

attitudes, practice and problems of post natal mothers regarding breast feeding in a

selected hospital at Madurai, revealed that majority of the samples had sufficient

knowledge of breastfeeding like importance of breast milk, benefits feeding from

both the breasts , diet of lactating mother’s prevention of breast engorgement, etc.,

They have positive attitude towards breast feeding practices.

Bellegio guidelines (2000), summarises that the maximum spacing effect of

breast feeding is achieved when a mother fully breast feeds and these remains

amenorrhic, that is she does not menstruate. Full breast feeding entails providing an

infant with no other food or liquid but breast milk. when these two conditions are

met, breast feeding provides more than 98% protection from pregnancy during the

first 6 months breast feeding not only delays ovulation but also reduces the

likelihood of conception

Worldege brief. A (2002) “Mother’s knowledge and brief on breast feeding.

A cross sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and belief of

mothers towards breast feeding the study was carried out on 317 mothers with new

born. The conventional cluster sampling technique was utilized to select the study

subjects. Almost all mothers 308 (92%) of them considered human milk is best milk

for good child growth compared to cow’s milk.

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A higher population proportion 253(80%) mothers considered breast milk

alone sufficient enough to feed a baby up to the age of six months. The majority 310

(97%) suggested not to breast feed when a mother gets pregnant . Three quarters of

mother’s prefer red hot to breast feed when the mother’s get sick. Concluded that

though mother’s value breast milk as the best child fed. Their knowledge and breast

towards breast feeding the child when the baby / mother gets sick and the mothers

gets pregnant is very poor. These are potentially harmful effects, which could lead

to the dangerous practice of abrupt cessation. These harmful should we well

addressed and minimized though continues health education

Rinda John (2003) conducted descriptive study on knowledge, attitudes and

practice of employed mothers about breast feeding. The main objective of the study

to determine knowledge, attitudes and practice of breast feeding. The major results

showed that the level of knowledge shows that 28% of the sample had poor

knowledge ,57% of the mothers had average knowledge and only 15% had good

knowledge regarding breast feeding. The mothers has higher means. percentage

73% knowledge score in the area of benefits of breast feeding. Which is essential

Gulbin G. etal in Turkey (2002) conducted a study aimed at comparing the

first year growth of infants who had received different feeding regimens throughout

the first 4 months. Anthropometric measurements of 332 infant during a well baby

clinic wore analyzed. The infants were divided into 4 groups exclusively

breastfeed, predominantly breastfeed, practically breastfeed and non breast feed.

Exclusively breast feed infant were significantly healthier in the first two months of

life compared to partially breastfeed or non-breastfeed infants. Weight and length

measurement of the predominantly breastfeed infant were almost identical to those

of the exclusively breast fed group at all ages.

Ogbonna C, Daboer, J.C. (2007), conducted cross sectional study on

knowledge and practice of exclusive breast feeding among mother’s in Jos, Nigeria.

The target population of interest was nursing mothers who have infants aged 6-12

months,pretested structured closed ended interviewer questionnaire was used.. Four

hundred and seventy nursing mothers consented were recruited for the study through

a house to house visit. 2 female and 1 male were recruited and trained on the

questionnaire administration. Results showed that out of the 470 nursing mothers

studied 387 were able to define correctly exclusive breast feeding. Targeting

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adolescents for exclusive breast feeding education and sensitization is necessary in

preparing them for motherhood

Shilaja. K.G. (2008) conducted study to assess the knowledge and

confidence of prim Para mothers regarding exclusive breast feeding in post natal

units of selected hospitals.

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CHAPTER – III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

This chapter deals with methodology adopted for the study. If includes

research approach, research design, setting sample and sampling technique,

instrument, data collection procedure and plan for data analysis

RESEARCH APPROACH:

The research approach adopted for the study was survey approach

RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design for the present study is a descriptive design which is one

of the non-experimental design.

SETTING OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted in Government Hospital. Dharapuram. It is a

Government Hospital. The samples were selected from the maternity ward.

POPULATION

The population of the study is 30 primi mothers.

CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION

INCLUSION CRITERIA

1. Primi mothers

2. Mothers who knows tamil language

3. Mothers who are willing to participate in the study

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

1. Multi mothers

2. Mothers who are not willing to participate

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Convenient Sampling techniques used to select the samples.

SAMPLE SIZE:

The sample size included for the study consist of 30 primi mothers

INSTRUMENT AND SCORING PROCEDURE

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOLS

The tool consist of 4 sections;

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SECTION – 1

It deals with demographic data such as age, family monthly income, religion,

type of family, educational status, occupation, type of food, media like television,

radio, newspaper, etc.,

SECTION II

This section consist of 20 short answer questions to assess the knowledge of

primi mothers regarding breastfeeding for each correct response score “1”was given

and for the incorrect response ‘0’ score was given. The total score selected was 20.

SECTION III

This section consist of 10 questions to assess the attitude of breasr milk

regarding breastfeeding. for this 3 point likert scale was used to assess the attitudes.

SECTION IV

This section was observed using a check list consist of 10 questions to assess

the practice of primi mothers regarding techniques, each question has ‘yes’ or ‘No’

response. For each correct response score ‘1’ was given and for each incorrect

response score ‘0’ was each total score was 10.

SCORING PROCEDURE

PART – II: structured questionnaire on knowledge

It consist of 20 questions. A score of “1” for each correct response and

‘0’ for each incorrect response. The total score is 20.

VALIDITY OF THE TOOL AND RELIABILITY:

The validity of the tool was established in consultation with the guide the tool

was modified according to the suggestions and recommendations of the guide

DATA ANALYSIS PLAN

S.No. Data Analysis Methods Remarks

1. Descriptive

Statistics

Frequency Percentage

Frequency Percentage

Correlation

To describe the demographic

variables of primi mothers

To assess the attitude

knowledge & Practice

regarding breastfeeding

among primi mothers

To Correlate the knowledge

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and attitude of primi mothers

regarding breastfeeding.

2. Inferential Statistics Chi-Square To find out the association of

demographic variables with

knowledge scores of

breastfeeding among primi

mothers

PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS:

The proposed study was conducted after the approval of college dissertation

committee. Consent was obtained from Nursing superintendent and Dean of

Government Hospital, Dharapuram. Verbal consent got obtained from the primi

mothers before the data collection. The information was kept confidential.

Mothers were interviewed by the researcher in the maternity ward those who

met the inclusion criteria were selected by using convenience sampling.

The investigator gave a brief introduction, collected demographic variables.

The knowledge was assessed by using structured interview schedules and data was

collected for 3 to 4 mothers in a day. The same procedure was continued up to 30

samples.

DATA ANALYSIS:

Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The

collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential

statistical methods. The statistical method used for data analysis frequency,

percentage, correlation and chi square test

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CHAPTER –IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter deals with the description of sample, characteristics, analysis

and interpretation of data collected from primi Para mothers regarding exclusive

breastfeeding in Government hospital, Dharapuram

The present study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and

practice of primi Para mothers regarding breastfeeding. The collected data was

organized and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics and was coded

and analysed as per objectives of the study under the following headings.

ORGANIZATION OF DATA:

The data has been described and organized as follows:

SECTION - A : Distribution of demographic variables of mother

SECTION – B : Assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice

Regarding breast feeding among primi mothers

SECTION – C : Correlation of knowledge and attitude of primi

mothers regarding breastfeeding

SECTION – D : Association of knowledge scores of primi mothers with

their selected demographic variables.

SECTION – A DISTRIBUTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF

PRIMI MOTHERS.

Table 1 : Frequency and percentage of demographic variables of primi mothers

S.No. Demographic Variables Frequency Percentage

1. Age of mothers

a).18 – 25 yrs 23 76.66%

b). 26 – 30 yrs 7 23.34%

c).31 – 35 yrs - -

d) above 36 - -

2. Religion

a) Hindu 24 80%

b).Christian 3 10%

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c). Muslim 3 10%

d).others - -

3. Type of family

a).Nuclear family 15 50%

b).Joint family 15 50%

4. Education

a).Higher Education 20 66.67%

b).Primary Education 4 13.33%

c).Secondary Education 3 10%

d).Illiterates 3 10%

5. Occupation

a).House wife 27 90%

b).Private Sector - -

c).Government Sector - -

d).Coolie 3 10%

6 Type of food

a).Vegetarian 7 23.33%

b).Non-vegetarian 23 76.67%

Table 1

showed that distribution of primi mothers by demographic variables

Regarding age among 30 primi mothers 23(76.67%) were belongs to 18-25

years age group 7(23.33%) mothers were belong to age group of 26 – 30yrs

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

18-25 YRS 26-36 YRS

AGE

PE

RC

EN

TA

GE

18-25 YRS

26-36 YRS

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Percentage distribution of 30 primi mothers regarding breastfeeding

according to their age.

Regarding religion among 30 mothers 24 (80%) were Hindus 3 (10%) were

Christian ,3 (10%) were Muslim.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Hindu Christian Muslim

Religion

Perc

en

tag

e

Hindu

Christian

Muslim

Percentage distribution of 30 primi mother regarding breast feeding according to

their religion .

Regarding type of family among to primi mother 15 (50%) were Nuclear family

and 15 (50%) were joint family.

Nuclear family

Joint family

15(50%) 15(50%)

Joint Family

Nuclear Family

Type of Family

Percentage distribution of 30 primi mother regarding breast feeding according to their type

of family.

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Regarding education among 30 primi mother 4 (13.33%) had primary education 20

(66.67%) had higher secondary education 3 (10%) had secondary education 3(10%) were

illiterates.

01020304050607080

Type of Education

Perc

en

tag

e

Higher Education

Primary Education

Secondary Education

Illiterate

Percentage distribution of primi mother recording crest feeding according to their

education.

Regarding Occupation among 30 primi mother 27(90%) were housewives and 3

(10%) were coolie.

0102030405060708090

100

House Wife Coolie

Type of Occupation

Per

cen

tag

e

House Wife

Coolie

Percentage distribution of primi mother recording breastfeeding according to their

occupation

Regarding type of food among primi mother 23 (76.67%) were non-vegetarian

and 7 (23.33%) were vegetarian.

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Vegetarian

Non-Vegetarian

Type of Food

76.67%

23.33%

Vegetarian

Non-Vegetarian

Percentage distribution of primi mother regarding breastfeeding according to

their food habit.

SECTION –B ASSESSING THE KNOWLEDGE

ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREAST FEEDING

AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

Table : 2 Frequency and percentage distribution mean and S.D of primi mother

knowledge regarding breastfeeding .

N = 30

CATEGORY KNOWLEDGE MEAN S.D

Frequency percentage

Adequate

(67-100%)

Moderately adequate

(34 – 66%)

Inadequate

(0 – 33%)

26

4

-

86.67

13.33

-

14.43 5.61

Page 23: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

0102030405060708090

100

Adequate knowledge Moderately Adequate knowledge

Level of Knowledge

Perc

en

tag

e

Adequate knowledge

Moderately Adequateknowledge

Percentage distribution of primi mother recgarding breastfeeding according to their level of

knowledge.

Table 3 :

Frequency and percentage distribution mean and S.D of attitude regarding

breast feeding among primi mothers .

N= 30

Level of attitude Attitude Mean S.D

Frequency Percentage

Favourable attitude

(68 – 100%)

Moderately Favourable

attitude

(34 – 67%)

Un Favourable attitude

(0 – 33%)

20

10

-

66.67

33.33

-

24.6 1.07

86.67%

13.33%

Page 24: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Favourable Attitude Moderate favourableattitude

Level of Attitude

Per

cen

tag

e Favourable Attitude

Moderate favourableattitude

66.67%

33.33%

Percentage distribution of primi mother regarding breast feeding according to

their attitude.

Frequency and percentage distribution mean and S.D of practice regarding

breastfeeding among primi mothers.

N= 30

Category Practice Mean S.D

Frequency Percentage

Satisfactory

(67-100%)

20 66.67%

Moderately

Satisfactory

(34-66%)

10 33.33% 8.5 4.45

Unsatisfactory

(0-33%)

- -

Page 25: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Satisfactory ModeratelySatisfactory

Level of Practice

Per

cen

tag

e

Satisfactory

Moderately Satisfactory

66.67%

33.33%

Percentage distribution of primi mothers regarding breastfeeding according

to their practice.

Page 26: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

SECTION – C CORRELATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF PRIMI

MOTHERS REGARDING BREASTFEEDING

Group Mean Correlation

Knowledge

Attitude

14.43

24.63

0.929

Showed that the knowledge and practice correlation is calculated as 0.929

which is significant.

It shows that there is correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding

breastfeeding among primi mothers.

SECTION – D ASSOCIATION OF KNOWLEDGE SCORES OF PRIMI

MOTHERS WITH THEIR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

Table.5: Association between level of knowledge and demographic variable

N = 30

S.No. Demographic Variables Inadequate Moderate Adequate Chisquare

x2

Table Value

F % F % F %

1 Age

18-25 yrs - - 8 26 8 26 2.26(NS) 3.841

26-30 yrs - - 5 16 9 30

31-35yrs - - - - - -

above 36 yrs - - - - - -

2. Religion

Hindu - - 6 20 9 30

Christian - - 3 10 6 20 2.76(NS) 3.841

Muslim - - 3 10 3 10

Others - - - - - -

3. Type of family

Nuclear family - - 10 33.3 15 50

Page 27: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

Joint family - - 2 6 3 10 2.45(NS) 3.841

4. Education

Primary Education - - 4 13 4 13

Secondary Education - - - - 2 6

Higher Education - - 6 20 10 33 3.92(S) 3.841

Illiterate - - 2 6 2 6

5. Occupation

House Wife - - 10 33.3 5 16

Private Sector - - - - - -

Government Sector - - - - - - 2.6(NS) 3.841

Coolie - - 2 6 3 10

6. Type of Food

Vegetarian - - 2 6 3 10

Non-Vegetarian - - 11 37 14 47 2.181(NS) 3.841

S- Significant NS- Not Significant

There was no association found between knowledge score when scored to

age, occupation, type of family, religion and type of food. However significant

association found between knowledge scores of primi mothers with their education

Page 28: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

CHAPTER –V

DISCUSSION

This chapter attempts to discuss the findings of the study as per objectives

these findings are discussed under the following headings.

Demographic characteristics of the primi mothers regarding breast feeding

Assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding breast feeding among

primi mothers.

To find the correlation between the knowledge and attitude regarding breast

feeding among primi mothers

To find the association between the knowledge score of primi mothers with

their selected demographic variables.

Demographic characteristics of the primi mothers regarding breast

feeding.

According to age among primi mother 23(76.67%) belongs to 18-25 years of

age group 7(23%) mothers belongs to age group of 26-30 yrs.

According to religion among primi mothers 24(80%) were hindus,3(10%)

were Christians and 3(10%) were Muslims.

According to type of family 15(50%) are nuclear family and 15(50%)

belongs to joint family.

According to education among primi mothers 20(66.67%) are higher

education 4(13.33%) are primary education, 3(10%) had secondary education

3(10%) were Illiterates.

According to occupation 27(90%) were house wives 3(10%) were coolie.

According to type of food 7(23.33%) were Vegetarian 23(76.64%) were non-

Vegetarian.

Page 29: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

Assess the knowledge regarding exclusive breastfeeding among primi

mothers.

Data analysis shows that 26(86.67%) primi mothers had adequate

knowledge,4(13.33%) primi mothers had moderately adequate knowledge regarding

breastfeeding.

Assess the attitude regarding exclusive breastfeeding among primi

mothers.

Data analysis showed that 20(66.67%) had favorable attitudes, 10 (33.33%)

had moderately favourable attitude regarding breastfeeding.

Assess the practice regarding breast feeding among primi mothers.

Data analysis showed that 20(66.67%) adequate practice, 10 (33.33%) had

moderately adequate practice regarding exclusive breastfeeding.

To find the correlation between the knowledge and attitude of primi

mothers regarding breast feeding.

There is correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding breastfeeding

among primi mothers and is calculated as 0.929 which is significant.

The find the association between the knowledge scores of primi mothers

with them selected demographic variables.

Data analysis showed that the chi-square values were calculated. The study

shows that there was statistically significantly association between knowledge of

breastfeeding with their education (3.92) and there was no association found

between knowledge score when compared to age, occupation, type of family, type

of food and religion.

Page 30: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

CHAPTER – VI

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION

RECOMMENDATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

The chapter is divided into five aspects

Summary of the study

Conclusion

Implication for Nursing

Recommendations

Limitations

SUMMARY OF THE STUDY:

The study was done to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding

breast feeding among primi mothers.

The research approach and design used for this study was descriptive

approach and non-experimental design was selected for the study conducted at

Government hospital, Dharapuram. The sample size was 30 primi mothers.The

sample were selected by convenience sampling method and were assessed for

knowledge, attitude regarding breastfeeding observed the practice of breast feeding.

The data of demographic variables were analyzed by using descriptive

statistics ( frequency and percentage) chi square test was used to find out the

association of selected demographic variables with their knowledge. Score

regarding exclusive breast feeding among primi mothers.

The Major findings are summarized as follows

o Higher percentage 23(76.67%) of primi mothers regarding breastfeeding was

in the age group of 18-25 years.

o Majority of primi mothers 20(66.67%) had higher secondary education.

o Most of the primi mother were house wives 27(90%)

o Half of the primi mothers (15(50%) belongs to nuclear family and 15(50%)

belongs to joint family.

o 24(80%) of the mothers belongs to Hindu 3(10%) of the mothers belongs to

Christian and 3(10%) of the mothers belongs to muslim.

o Highest percentage of mothers 23(76.64%) belongs to non-Vegetarian.

Page 31: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

o 26(86.67%) of primi mothers had adequate knowledge 4(13.33%)of primi

mothers had moderately adequate knowledge regarding breast feeding.

o 10(33.33%) primi mothers has moderately favourable attitude 20(66.66%)

primi mothers had favourable attitude regarding breast feeding.

o 10(33.33%) primi mothers had moderately adequate practice 20(66.67%)

primi mothers had satisfactory practice regarding breast feeding.

CONCLUSION

The study findings revealed that there was a significant association between

the knowledge attitude and practice with their educational level.

IMPLICATION FOR NURSING

NURSING SERVICE:

Nursing personnel is in the best position to provide this descriptive study of

primi mothers.

The findings has enlighten that there has been adequate knowledge, attitude

and practice regarding breastfeeding.

NURSING RESEARCH:

This study findings can be effectively utilized by the emerging researchers

for their reference purposes.

The findings of study helps to expand scientific body of professional

knowledge upon which further researches can be conducted.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

A Comparative study can be conducted between primi mothers and multi

gravida mothers.

Similar study can be conducted for mothers who undergo caessarean section.

A comparative study can be conducted between caessarean mothers and

mothers who delivered normally.

LIMITATIONS:

It was time consuming for the investigator which took 40 -60mts to interview

the sample.

Page 32: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

Arun Gupta at all (2001) Breast feeding and complementary

feeding Delhi BPNI Publication.

Chandra (2004) Promotion of Breast feeding Delhi Elbs

Publication.

Elizabeth (2005) Nutrition and child development Chennai

paras medical publisher.

Marlow R.Dorothy and Barbara(2006) Text Book of Paediatric

Nursing ( 6th edition) philadelphia W.B.Saunder’s company.

Park.k (2003) Preventive and social Medicine(19th edition)

Jabalpur, Banarsidis Bhanot publications.

Piyush Gupta(2004) Essential paediatric Nursing (I -

Edition) New Delhi) – A.P. Jainand Co publications.

Suraj Gupta(2005) The short Textbook of paediatrics (7th

edition) New Delhi Jaypee brothers.

Wong L.Donna (2005) Nursing care of Infants and children

( 7th edition) Missouri Mosby publications)

Tambulwadker (1993) paediatric Nursing ( I edition) Bombay

vora Medical Publications.

JOURNALS:

Baghorts.P(2007) Breast feeding self efficacy midwifery Dec.23

Pg..382-391

Chertok J.R. (2006) Breast feeding initiation among post caessarean women

of the Neger Israel British Journal of Nursing Feb-March 2008

Pg 205

Hoddincott P.et al (2006) “ Effectiveness of breast feeding peer coaching

intervention is rural Scotland Birth 2006 March:33(27-36)

Spear AJ (2004) Attitude knowledge and beliefs related to the promotion of

breast feeding among women Journal of Paediatric Nursing June 19

Pg 176-183.

Page 33: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

PART - IDEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

1. Age of the mother _____________________

a) 18 – 25 Years b)26 – 30 Years

c) 31 – 35 Years d) 36 and above

2. Religion of mother _____________________

a) Hindu b) Christian

c) Muslim d) Other

3. Type of Family __________________

a) Nuclear Family b)Joint Family

4. Education of the mother______________

a) Illiterate b) Primary

c) Secondary d) Higher Secondary

5. Occupation of mother __________________

a) Housewife b) Private Sector

c) Government Sector d) Coolie

6. Type of food _______________________

a) Vegetarian b) Non – vegetarian

Page 34: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

QUESTIONNAIRE ON KNOWLEDGE

1. Which food is best for newborn baby?

a) Breast Milk b) cow’s milk

c) Artificial Food d) Home made milk

2. When to start breastfeeding for the baby?

a) After 30 minutes b) After 5-6 hours

c) 2-3 hrs after delivery d) after one day

3. What is colostrum ?

a) first breast milk b) exclusive breast milk

c) secretes after 5 days d) Secretes after 2 weeks

4. Why colostrum is needed for the baby?

a) To maintain immunity b) To promote growth of the baby

c) as a food d) since baby is in demand

5.which is best method of feeding?

a) bottle feed b) Breast feed

c) Spoon feed d) Baladai

6.what is the colour of colostrum ?

a) Lemon yellow b) Red

c) Black d) Green

7. What is the best position for mother while feeding?

a) side lying b) sitting position

c) standing position d) prone position

8. what will you do after feeding the baby ?

a) Do burping b) Give bath

c) Make to sleep d) Cradle the baby

9. How long breast feeding should be continued?

a) Upto 1 year b) 1-1 ½ years

c) 1 ½ -2 year d) >2 years

10. How long the exclusive breast milk can be give?

a) First 6 months b) First 2-3 months

c) First 8 months d) Upto 1 year

11. what is the interval for each breastfeeding ?

a) 5-10 minutes b) 10-15 minutes

c) 20-30 minutes d) 30-50 minutes

12. How many times breast feeding can be given during day time?

Page 35: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

a) 4 times b) 6 times

c) 10 times d) 12 times

13. How much is the stomach capacity of the new born?

a) 30 ml b) 40-60 ml

c) 10 ml d) 50 ml

14. What type of nutrition is best for lactating mothers?

a) Protein rich diet b) Iron rich diet

c) caloric rich diet d) calcium rich diet

15. What is the outcome of breast feeding?

a) Malnourished baby b) Healthy baby

c) Unhealthy baby d) Diseased baby

16. What is the nutrition present in breast milk?

a) Vitamins b) Minerals

c) Protein and fat d) Protein, fat and vitamin

17. What are the measures taken before giving breastfeeding?

a) Wash the breast with water

b) Wash with soap & solutions

c) Not to clear

d) Expose the nipples to air on sunrise

18. what is the colour of stool during exclusive breastfeeding?

a) Green coloured b) Shaw coloured

c) Golden yellow coloured d) Brown coloured

19. How many times the baby passes urine during exclusive breastfeeding ?

a) 4-6 times b) 2-3 times

c) 5-7 times d) 6-8 times

20. What are the method to improve secretion of breast milk?

a) 1 cup of milk or juice or any liquid food should be taken before breast

feeding

b) keep the breast clean

c) walking for a long time

d) Taking healthy food

Page 36: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

CHECK LIST ON PRACTICE

S.No Question Yes / No

1. During breastfeeding the mother

should sit comfortably

2. After feeding the mother should

take the baby for bathing

3. During breastfeeding the mother

should maintain eye to eye contact

and talk with the baby

4. Breastfeeding should be given

with an interval of 20 minutes in

each breast

5. Burping should be done after each

feeds

6. Taking fruit juices or milk before

feeding the baby

7. Breast milk should be given on

breast engorgement

8. Wash each breast with warm water

before breast feeding

9. Awakening the baby while breast

feeding

10. While feeding the baby the other

breast should be massaged

Page 37: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

ATTITUDE SCALE

SELF ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRRE

S.No Statements Agree Uncertain Disagree

1. Do you think breast feeding helps

in mother and child bonding?

2. Breast feeding can prevent

diseases affecting breast

3. Breastfeed affect the beauty of

feeding mothers

4. Mother should not feed the child

when she has diarrhea

5. High calorie diet is taken by all

mothers at the time of lactation.

6. Colostrum is bad for child’s

health

7. Stop breastfeeding when you start

weaning

8. Drinking water while feeding

affects breastfeeding?

9. After feeding the baby the breasts

should be cleansed

10. After feeding the baby the baby

should make to sleep

Page 38: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

Levels of Practice Score Percentage

Unsatisfactory 0.3 < 30 %

Moderately satisfactory 4-6 30-60%

Satisfactory 7-10 60-100%

SCORING KEY

Question Number Answer Number

1 a

2 a

3 a

4 a

5 b

6 a

7 b

8 a

9 d

10 a

11 c

12 b

13 a

14 c

15 b

16 d

17 a

18 c

19 c

20 a

Page 39: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

gp\g; nrtpypah; fy;Y}hp

ngah; :

gFjp -1

fPo;fz;l tptuq;fSf;Fhpa tpilia tl;lkplTk;

1. jhapd; taJ

(m) 18-22 taJ (M) 26-30 taJ

(,) 31-35 taJ(<) 35 tajpw;F Nky;

2. kjk;

(m) ,e;J (M) fpwp];jth;fs;

(,) K];yPk; (<) NtW tif

3. FLk;g tif

(m) jdpf; FLk;gk; (M) $l;Lf; FLk;gk;

4. fy;tpj; jFjp

(m) Nky; epiyf;fy;tp (M) Muk;gf; fy;tp

(,) eLepiyf; fy;tp (<) gbf;fhjth;fs;

5. Ntiy

(m) ,y;yj;jurp (M) jdpahh; Copah;

(,) muR Copah; (<) $yp

6. czT Kiw

(m) irtk; (M) mirtk;

gFjp -2

1. gr;rpsq; Foe;ijfSf;F rpwe;j czT vJ?

(m) jha;g;ghy; (M) Ml;Lg;ghy; (,) gRk; ghy;

(<) gTlh; ghy;

2. Foe;ij gpwe;jTld; vt;tsT Neuk; fopj;J jha;ghy; nfhLf;fyhk;?

(m) 30 epkplq;fSf;F gpwF (M) 5-6 kzp Neuj;jpw;F gpwF

(,) 2-3 kzp Neuj;jpw;F gpwF (<) xU ehSf;F gpwF

3. rPk;ghy; vd;gJ vd;d?

(m) Foe;ij gpwe;j gpd;G jhaplk; Kjy; %d;W ehl;fs; Ruf;Fk; ghy;

(M) vUikghy; (,) gRk; ghy; (<) epfuw;w jha;g;ghy;

4. rPk;ghypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d?

(m) vjph;g;G rf;jp tha;e;jJ (M) Foe;ij tsh;r;rpf;F gad;gLtJ

(,) czthf gad;gLfpwJ (<) mjpf tapw;W typ tUtJ

5 rpwe;j tifahd Cl;lk; vJ?

( m) Gl;bg;ghy; Gfl;ly; (M) jha;g;ghy; Gfl;ly;

Page 40: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

(,) fuz;bapd; %yk; Gfl;ly; (<) ghyhil %yk; Gfl;ly;

6 rPk;ghypd; epwk; vd;d?

(m) vYkpr;ir kQ;rs; epwk; (M) rptg;G epwk;

(,) fUg;G epwk; (<) gr;ir epwk;

7. jha;g;ghy; nfhLf;Fk; NghJ ve;j epiyapy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;?

(m) xU Gwkhf gLj;jy; (M) cl;fhh;e;J

(,) epd;w epiyapy; (<) xU Gwkhf rha;e;J gLj;jy;

8. jha;g;ghy; Gfl;ba gpd;dh; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?

(m) Foe;ijapd; KJFg;gFjpia jl;bf;nfhLj;jy;

(M) Foe;ijia Fspg;ghl;ly; (,) Foe;ijia J}q;f itj;jy;

(<) Foe;ijia gLf;f itj;jy;

9. ve;j taJ tiu jha;g;ghy; njhlu Ntz;Lk;?

(m) xU taJ tiu (M) xd;wpypUe;J xd;wiu taJ tiu

(,) xd;wiu tajpypUe;J 2taJ tiu (<) ,uz;L taJ tiu

10. ve;j taJ tiu epfuw;w jha;g;ghy; Kiwiag; gpd;gw;wyhk;?

(m) Kjy; MW khjq;fSf;F (M) 2-3 khjq;fSf;F

(,) Kjy; vl;L khjq;fSf;F (<) xU taJ tiu

11. xt;nthU khh;gpYk; jha;g;ghy; Gfl;l Ntz;ba fhy msT

vd;d?

(m) 5-10 epkplj;jpw;F (M) 10-15 epkplj;jpw;F

(,) 20-30 epkplj;jpw;F (<) 30-50 epkplj;jpw;F

12. xU ehSf;F Fiwe;jJ vj;jid Kiw jha;g;ghy; nfhLf;fyhk;?

(m) 4 Kiw (M) 6 Kiw (,) 10 Kiw (<) 12 Kiw

13. Foe;ijapDila tapw;wpd; nfhs;ssT vt;tsT?

(m) 30 kp.yp (M) 40-60 kp.yp (,) 10 kp.yp (<) 50 kp.yp

14. ghy; Ruf;Fk; jha;khh;fs; gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba czT Kiw vd;d?

(m) Gujrj;J epiwe;j czT (M) ,Uk;Gr; rj;J epiwe;j czT

(,) fNyhhp epiwe;j czT (<) fhy;rpak; epiwe;j czT

15. njhlr;rpahf jha;g;ghy; Foe;ijfSf;F nfhLg;gjpd; ntspg;ghL

vd;d?

(m) vilf; Fiwe;j Foe;ij (M) MNuhf;fpakhd Foe;ij

(,) CdKw;w Foe;ij (<) NehAw;w Foe;ij

16 jha;g;ghypy; cs;s Cl;lk; vd;d?

(m) itl;lkpd; (M) jhJf;fs; (<) gujk;

Page 41: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

(<) itl;lkpd; Gujk; kw;Wk; nfhOg;Grj;J

17. jha;g;ghy; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd; nra;a Ntz;ba nray; vd;d?

(m) khh;ig nte;ePuhy; fOtTk;

(M) khh;ig Nrhg;G cgNahfpj;J fOtTk;

(,) Rj;jk; nra;aj; Njitapy;iy

(<) khh;Gf; fhk;Gfis R+hpa xspapy; cyh;j;j Ntz;Lk;

18. epfuw;w jha;g;ghy; nfhLf;Fk; fhyj;jpy; kyj;jpd; epwk; vd;d?

(m) gr;ir epwk; (M) itf;Nfhy; epwk;

(,) nghd; epwk; (<) fhgp epwk;

19. epfuw;w jha;g;ghy; nfhLf;Fk; NghJ Foe;ij vj;jid Kiw

rpWePh; fopf;fpwJ?

(m) 4-6 Kiw (M) 2-3 Kiw (,) 5-7 Kiw

(<) 6-8 Kiw

20. mjpkhf jha;g;ghy; Ruf;f vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?

(m) jha;g;ghy; nfhLf;Fk; Kd; xU fg; ghy; my;yJ gor;rhW my;yJ ePh;

Mfhuk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

(M) khh;ig Jha;ikahf itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;

(,) ghy; nfhLf;Fk; Kd;G ePz;l Neuk; elf;f Ntz;Lk;

(<) ey;y czT cz;z Ntz;Lk;

Page 42: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

nray; jpwd; ml;ltiz

t.vz;. nghUs; Mk;/,y;iy

1 jha;g;ghy; nfhLf;Fk; NghJ jha;

rhpahd epiyapy; mkh;e;J nfhz;L

nfhLj;jy;

2 jha;g;ghy; nfhLj;j gpd;dh; Foe;ijia

Fspg;ghl;Ljy;;

3 jha;g;ghy; Gfl;Lk; NghJ Foe;ijaplk;

NgRjy;

4 20 epkplj;jpw;F xU khh;g;gpy;

jha;g;ghy; nfhLj;jy;

5 jha;g;ghy; Gfl;ba gpd;dh;

Njhspy; ,l;L Foe;ijia KJfpy; jl;bf;

nfhLj;jy;

6 ghy; jUk; Kd; ghNyh my;yJ gourNkh

mUe;Jjy;

7 khh;G fl;bapUf;Fk; epiyapy;

jha;g;ghy; nfhLj;jy;

8 khh;ig nte;ePuhy; Rj;jg;gLj;Jjy;

9 ghy;Fbf;ifapy; Foe;ijia mbf;fb

vOg;Gjy;

10 ghy; nfhLf;Fk; NghJ kW khh;ig ed;F

Nja;j;J tpl;L nfhLj;jy;

Page 43: ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMI MOTHERS

t.

vz;

tpdhf;fs; cWjpahf

xg;Gf;nfhs;fpNwd;

njhpatpy;iy xg;Gf;

nfhs;stpy;iy

1 jha;g;ghy; Cl;lKiw Foe;ijf;Fk; jha;f;Fk;

ey;y cwit tYg;gLj;Jk;

2 jha;g;ghy; Gfl;Ljy; khh;G Neha;fis

jLf;Fk;

3 jha;g;ghy; Gfl;Ljy; jhapd; moif

ghjpf;Fk;

4 jha;f;F tapw;Wg; Nghf;fpd; NghJ

Foe;ijf;F jha;g;ghy; Gfl;lf;$lhJ

5 fNyhhp epiwe;j czT Kiwia ghy;

Ruf;Fk; jha;khh;fs; vLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

6 rPk;ghy; Foe;ijapd; cly; eyj;jpw;F NfL

tpistpf;Fk;

7 ,iz czT njhlq;fpa cld; jha;g;ghy;

nfhLg;gij epWj;jp tpl Ntz;Lk;.

8 jha;g;ghy; Gfl;Lk; epiyapy; jz;zPh;

mUe;Jjy; ghy; Rug;gpid ghjpf;Fk;

9 ghy; nfhLj;j gpd;dh; khh;ig Rj;jg;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk;.

10 ghy; nfhLj;jTld; Foe;ijiaj; J}q;f itj;Jtpl

Ntz;Lk;.