Aspririn and Other Analgesics

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ASPRIRIN and other

ANALGESICS

By: Milcah Etthiel Corona

Restel Hannah Sedillo


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( )ANALGESICS pain relievers Among the most important medicinal applications of

.carboxylic acid derivatives

( )ASPIRIN acetyl salicylic acid ,One of the oldest analgesics a drug that is amazing for

its continuing and varied usefulness

Salicylic ester of acetic acid

Reduces fever but does not lower normal body temperature

Its analgesic properties are effective against pains, , , ,accompanying colds flu nervous tension rheumatism

.and arthritis

Continuous small doses over a long periods could.decrease the chances of heart problems And increase

.chances of surviving heart attack should one occur


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ASPIRIN

,Comes from that of a willow Salix Spirea. JesuitMissionaries in the middle ages used the bark of

.this tree for medicinal purposes

7th - -century extracts of willow bark had fever.reducing properties

-1826 salicylic acid was isolated1852-salicylic acid had been independently

synthesized -1874 relatively large scale production had made

it available as medicine


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SALYCLIC ACID

( & )A bifunctional molecule acid phenol from which.many familiar substances are derived

Used as a disinfectant in some first aid sprays and.ointments Its ,methyl ester methyl salicylate (oil of

) .wintergreen is used for tropical rubs for some muscles

,Although an effective antipyretic still causes severe.stomach irritation in some people So the search forpain relievers continued in the late 1800s

It was hypothesized that the neutralized acid wouldcause less gastric irritation

-1875 Sodium Salic ylate .was introduced


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SALOL

.A phenol ester of salicylic acid.Introduced in 1886 Its used

lead to greatly decreased.incidence of gastric distress

,Hydrolyzes to sodium salicylatewhich previously has been used

.as pain reliever ,However simultaneous liberation

of phenol led to the danger of.phenol poisoning


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-Felix Hoffman who worked for the,Bayer Company investigated

other derivatives of salicylicacid and tested acetyl

salicylic acid on his father.who suffered arthritis

&This other tests revealed itsexcellent medicinal propertiesand a decreased frequency of

.gastric irritation

, -ACETYL SALICYLIC ACID ASPIRINwas marketed in 1899 by theBayer Company.


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,Unfortunately even aspirin causesstomach distress in some

, ,individuals and minor usually,clinically unimportant gastric.or intestinal bleeding Other

products have been introduced

that do not have these .unpleasant side effects

The most familiar of these is.CETAMINOPHEN


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ACETAMINOPHEN

Essentially equivalent to aspirin intheir antipyretic and analgesic

.properties

PHENACITIN ,Has been implicated in Kidney damage

and though it was once a popular(ingredient in APC aspirin and

) ,phenacetin and caffeine tabletsits use has been largely

.discontinued


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IBUPROFEN ,In low strength doses it is a relative

newcomer to the nonprescription pain,reliever market although it was

available as a prescription for some.time

SALICYLAMIDE Much less effective than aspirin and

too weak and unreliable to begenerally useful as a pain reliever

.alone


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Antacids are added to pain relievers to:

raise gastric pH and thus minimize stomachupset and

to accelerate tablet dissolution

Antacids found in pain relievers or over-the-counter antacid preparations include:

NaHCO3 (baking soda, bicarbonate,

soda)

CaCo3

(calcium carbonate)

Mg(OH)2 (milk of magnesia)

Al(OH)3 (aluminum hydoxide)

NaAl(OH)2 CO3 (dihydroxylaluminum sodium

bicarbonate)


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Salicylamide

Phenacetin

Ibuprofen


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Acetaminophen

Ibuprofen


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Aspririn and Other Analgesics

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