ASPMN TJC talk 2011...9/9/2011 10 2011 Transformed to the new TJC Standards are just one leverage...

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9/9/2011 1 The Joint Commission Requirements Paul Arnstein, RN, PhD, FAAN Clinical Nurse Specialist for Pain Relief Director: MGH Cares About Pain Relief Massachusetts General Hospital Demystifying Financial Disclosures 2010 2011 Advisory Board Consultation Ortho McNeil Covidien Projects receiving unrestricted educational grants OrthoMcNeil PriCara Purdue Pharma LP Other Consulting Nurse Practitioner Healthcare Foundation Book: Clinical Coach for Effective Pain Management F.A. Davis My Personal Journey: Understanding the Joint Commission Orderly Polish everything Nursing Student Safety punchlist R.N. Endless todo lists Nursing Director Best appearances in preparation for visit Policies Charts Personnel Hallways

Transcript of ASPMN TJC talk 2011...9/9/2011 10 2011 Transformed to the new TJC Standards are just one leverage...

Page 1: ASPMN TJC talk 2011...9/9/2011 10 2011 Transformed to the new TJC Standards are just one leverage point Partner with organizations with similar goals Focus on real life issues that

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The Joint Commission Requirements

Paul Arnstein, RN, PhD, FAAN

Clinical Nurse Specialist for Pain Relief

Director: MGH Cares About Pain Relief

Massachusetts General Hospital

Demystifying

Financial Disclosures 2010 ‐ 2011

Advisory Board Consultation

Ortho McNeil

Covidien

Projects receiving unrestricted educational grants

Ortho‐McNeil  ‐ PriCara

Purdue Pharma LP

Other Consulting

Nurse Practitioner Healthcare Foundation

Book:  Clinical Coach for Effective Pain Management

F.A. Davis

My Personal Journey:  Understanding the Joint Commission Orderly

Polish everything

Nursing Student Safety punch‐list

R.N. Endless to‐do lists

Nursing Director  Best appearances in preparation for visit

Policies Charts Personnel Hallways

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ASPMN sends a LiaisonBelinda Puetz, ASPMN Executive Director 

convinced JCAHO 

in 2005 they needed a 

Pain Management Nurse

Transitions from JCAHO to The Joint Commission

Bully Pulpit  Gotcha mentality Aware of common problems Prescriptive solutions

Shared visions, new pathways Each organization is unique Serve different populations Access to different resources Enduring, meaningful change

JCAHO Takes on Pain 15% Americans major trauma/surgery pain (45 million)

35% Adults have chronic pain (>116 million)

More than diabetes, heart disease & cancer  combined

Pain‐related disorders increasingly prevalent

50% of inpatients/outpatients have pain

30% patients give hospital low marks for pain control

Untreated/undertreated pain still common

CDC(2007) Fast Facts A-Z @ CDC.gov Ries et al (2008). SEER Cancer Statistics Review IOM (2011) Martin BI, et al. (2008). Back/Neck Problems. JAMA, 299CDC (2008). Targeting Arthritis: @cdc.gov Jha et al. (2008) [HCAHPS] NEJM, 359 (18):1921-31National Center for Health Statistics (2006), Special Feature on Pain

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Standards justified

Pain Standards added (2000): 

Pain is carefully assessed & treated promptly

Pain assessment lapses risk for untreated pain

Reassessment lapses linked to sentinel events

First foray into Evidence‐based practice

Intent to succeed where AHCPR failed 

Policy Push to Improve Pain Care

AHCPR genesis 

AHCPR guidelines 1, 9, 10, 14 (1992‐4)

Year 2000, JC Standards integrated

Focus: Quality, standardization, & safety

Medicare / Medicaid CoP followed suit

Military Pain Care Acts of 2008, 2010

Affordable Care Act (2010) / IOM report(2011) 

Myths about TJC pain standards Pain as a conspiracy by Pharma

Pain as the 5th vital sign

Assessment all non‐verbal patients w/ FLACC

Timing of reassessments

Prohibition of nursing judgment 

To select from ordered prn drugs 

To dose by a range orders

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JCAHO Focus in 2005 ~perpetuated myths

Very standards focused

Not clear

Not consistently interpreted

NPSGs examined but not integrated

The “Talk” and the “Walk” not in sync 

More prescriptive than consultative

Senior leadership unaware of what surveyors said to create & perpetuate myths 

e.g. Assessing non‐verbal & range orders 

OSH Case:  Mr. Abe Sessonumberg

27 y/o Male for I&D cyst on 12/24

Cried inconsolably post‐op

Aggressive morphine use, periods of apnea

ICU – morphine titrated to FLACC scores

Ventilator‐dependent  

Eventual switch & revelation

Were standards met for this patient?  

Did the patient receive the best possible pain treatment?  

JCAHO response (Range Order & Nonverbal Assessment remediation)

In Defense of Range Orders Permit flexibility & rapid response to patient needs 

Professional judgment is allowed ~based on :  Vital signs 

Age  

Level of consciousness/alertness

Patient condition

Co‐morbidities  

Other medications 

Anticipated illness trajectory

Target symptom severity

Patient response pattern matters

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Safe, Prudent Approaches Range narrow enough to be safe 

Range wide enough to provide flexibility

Start with the lowest dose in the ordered range 

Unless assessment indicates need for higher dose

If symptoms are not relieved, 

Additional doses within range may be given 

Total amount < not to exceed maximum dose 

“Rolling clock” notion of limit

Order refinement to increase or decrease dose

Standards interpretation confusion Does every patient (inpatient & outpatient need to be 

screened/assessed for pain)?  Yes

Why does the FLACC  need to be used in populations it 

was never  validated for? It doesn’t

What do surveyors want for range orders?  

Clear indication

Consistent interpretation

Decision‐making within scope of practice

Joint Commission priority 2006‐08To improve the quality & safety of care

New survey method

New scoring

Reorganized, reworded all standards

Emphasis on “Direct Impact” items, for example:

Anesthesia and Sedation

Pain Assessment and Reassessment

Emergency Medication availability

High Alert Medications (including SALAD)

Healthcare Associated Infections

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TJC Standards: Respect right to pain control & train professionals

Rights and Responsibility:  RI.01.01.01 (EP8)

Organization respects patient’s right to pain management

Human Resources:   HR.01.04.01 (EP4)

Provides orientation to staff on assessing / managing pain

Medical Staff Chapter : MS.03.01.03 (EP2)

Hospital educates all LIPs on assessing & managing pain*

*LIPs = licensed independent practitioners

TJC Standards: Assess, Treat, Reassess & Document Pain PC.01.02.07

Identification & treatment of pain is a key part of care.  

Expectation: patients will be asked about pain, and when present services will be provided accordingly. 

Elements of Performance:

1. Conduct a comprehensive assessment consistent with scope of care, treatment, services &  patient’s condition

2. Assesses pain in an age and ability appropriate manner

3. Reassess & respond to pain based on hospital criteria 

4. Either treat pain or refer the patient for treatment

TJC Standards: Assesses & Reassess Patient’s Pain PC.01.02.01

…  Patient needs must be reassessed throughout the 

course of care, treatment and services. 

EP1: Reassessment includes effectiveness and side effects

DEFINE WHEN

EP2:  When in‐depth … pain assessments are performed 

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New! 2012 Standard: Pediatrics PC.01.02.07 Hospital assesses and manages pain

EP2 … The hospital involves the family, when appropriate, in identifying signs of pain.

PROCEDURAL PAIN REQUIREMENT

EP6: In order to reduce stress and pain related to procedures, the hospital intervenes before the procedure using pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic (comfort) measures.   

TJC Standards: Patient Education  PC.02.03.01

Hospital provides patient education based on each 

patient’s needs and abilities. 

EP10: … Information on safe, effective use of medications… 

Discussion of pain, the risk for pain, the importance of 

effective pain management, the pain assessment process 

and methods for pain management. 

TJC Standards: Care after procedures requiring moderate or deep sedation or anesthesia PC.03.01.07

…Sedation and anesthesia … in any setting… for any 

purpose, by any route

EP2: … …Monitors the patient’s physiological status, 

mental status and pain level at a frequency and intensity 

consistent with the potential effects of the …procedure 

&/or sedation or anesthesia administered. 

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Related Standards MM.01.01.03. (2%)

(C)* Managing high‐alert medications

MM.02.01.01. (<1%)

(A)* Standardized concentrations of drips

(A) Annual review of formulary drugs for safety/efficacy

MM.03.01.01. (34%)

(C) Storage per manufacturer recommendations. 

(A) Controlled drug storage per law and regulation 

(A) Medication security  (C) Medication handling when in possession of staff

(C)* Revised expiration dating of multi‐dose vials 

(C)* Most ready‐to‐administer form stored on unit

Pain‐related MM StandardsMM.04.01.01. Medication orders are clear & accurate

EP1  …has a written policy that identifies the specific type of medication orders that it deems acceptable for use. (Range orders, titration/taper orders …etc)

The hospital policy defines:

Required elements of a complete medication order

When indication for use is required

Precautions for ordering LASA drugs

Actions to take when medication orders are incomplete, illegible or unclear.

The hospital implements it policies for medication orders

MM.05.01.01 A pharmacist reviews all orders 

to be dispensed

All medication orders are reviewed for …

EP5. Existing or potential interactions between the medication ordered and … current medications

EP6 … appropriateness … 

EP8 …reviewed for therapeutic duplication.

EP9 … other contraindications.

…. all concerns, issues, or questions are clarified with the individual prescriber before dispensing.

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Additional Pain Clinic Issues NPSG 03.04.01 – Labeling all medications, medication 

containers, and other solutions on/off sterile field.

UP.01.01.01 – Pre‐procedure verification process.

UP.01.02.01 – Mark the procedure site

UP.01.02.01 – Time‐out immediately prior to starting the procedure 

Non Compliance in 2010Standard Practice Non-CompliancePC.02.01.03 Home Care

Provide treatment per (Rx) order [Scope]

34%

PC.01.02.03 Assess and reassess according to defined time frames

31% Hospital

23% CriticAcces

19% LTC

MM.04.01.01 Medication orders are clear & accurate

28%

PC.8.10 (BehavHe)

All patients’ are assessed for pain

11%

NPSG.03.04.01 (amb)

Label all meds on & off sterile field w/procedure

16%

2009‐2010 New TJC Philosophy

Move away from “Gotcha” mentality

Convergence and synergy

Work together to find high quality, reliable, safe care

Find real‐life solutions to common problems

Provide a national voice for advocacy & support

Change survey to “relationship‐based” approach

1 point person, knows your issues, provides guidance 

Booster packs, training webinars, conference calls

More consultative than interventional

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2011 Transformed to the new TJC

Standards are just one leverage point

Partner with organizations with similar goals

Focus on real life issues that make a difference

Accountability

Culture of Safety / Trust

Robust Process Improvement

Highly reliable, evidence‐based care 

Communication and leadership

Focus on routine processes that routinely fail

The Joint Commission Mission

Mission:  To continuously improve health care for the public, in collaboration with other stakeholders, by evaluating health care organizations and inspiring them to excel in providing safe and effective care of the highest quality and value.

Vision:  All people always experience the safest, highest quality, best‐value health care across all settings.

There’s a growing alignment between the “Walk” and the “Talk”

Strategic Approach Improved Accreditation Process

Customer service training

Focus to better understand your organization not theirs

Proactive calls, webinars, conference calls, social media

Move toward relationship‐based model

Support tools

Booster packs

Targeted solutions tools

Leading practices

Frequent touch‐points

Ongoing data transfer

Intra‐cycle monitoring

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Improve TJC processes Use Robust Process Improvement (DMAIC) methods

Define

Measure

Analyze

Improve

Control

Address field staff needs

Surveyor consistency

interpreting regulations & standards

Advance programs & Disease‐specific certification  

More robust than •Plan•Do•Check•Act

CMS “Deeming Status” conflicts Much discussion 

Most EP’s Have to meet Conditions of Participation

CoP’s outdated & not evidence‐based

TJC has gone light on many … CMS fought back 

Ongoing negotiations with CMS, some progress

Those standards sometimes carry caveat

May get “Deemed Status Deficiency” 

Not “Conditional Re‐accreditation Status”

Will require a revisit

Accountability Need Accountability and Highly Reliable Solutions

Airlines as a model 

If they failed like HC … 

More than a crash each day

Leadership must commit to a “O” quality failure goal

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Build a Culture of Safety Balance learning from isolated, small, human errors with accountability for blameworthy errors.

Make changes, take action as appropriate   

Without differentiating the two, lose trust

Trust to safely report concerns without repercussions 

Trust action will be taken

Intimidating behaviors undermine culture of safety

Condescending language, unreturned calls, impatience

Occurs with all roll groups 

Evolution of Quality Improvement

Publish it (passive diffusion) 

Hope … they will change

Read it for them (clinical practice guidelines) 

Hope … they will become enlightened 

TQM / CQI / system redesign it (industrial style) 

Hope … they will improve

Hope …. 

“Next stop – high reliability”

High Reliability Solutions Highly effective process improvement

Find and fix problems before harm occurs

When harm does occur , analyze with stakeholders

Root Cause Analysis

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

Build skills:

Identifying hazards

Using tools of highly reliable, sustainable improvement

e.g. six sigma, lean, etc. 

Create ways (e.g. dashboards) to monitor proactively

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R3 Reports (e.g. Revised Patient Communication std)

Requirement, Rationale, Reference Required (new standards 2012):  Hospital effectively… 

Communicates with patients when providing care…

Medical record reflects treatment … and services

Promotes patient rights

Defines qualifications of interpreters

Rationale Change in CMS Conditions of Participation requirement

Changes in Federal Regulations (Limited English Proficiency)

Changes in Research (Health literacy, ethnic/cultural, GLBT)

References (25 cited) 

Measurement is the key:

Slippery slope of evidence

Needs to be accurate, timely and meaningful

Some measurements required by all organizations

Some selected based on RPI goals

New way of calculating standards

Press Release September 2011

Achieve >90% on >85% of composite EPs = accredited

Achieve >95% on all standards = “Top Performer” status

2011 Accreditation categories

Preliminary Accreditation

Accredited

Accredited with follow‐up 

Replaces provisional accreditation

Follow up ~ 30 days to 6 months

Contingent Accreditation

Replaces Conditional Accreditation (30 day F/u)

Preliminary Denial of Accreditation

Denial of Accreditation  

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Moving towards

Support for Integration of Care: 

Physical and Behavioral Health

Addiction and mental health care

Prevention and early detection

Focus on transitions in care 

Pre‐hospital and post‐discharge

2011 – 2012 What to expect Second generation tracers

More questions asked … more drill‐down

Focus on high risk processes that affect care

Clinical procedures (surgery or interventions) & competency

Blood & medications

Patterns of M & M, and length of stay 

Use of consultants  … the appropriate treatment team

Cleaning equipment, HH & infection control 

Staff/LIP training on assessing & managing pain

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Strategic Surveillance System™ (S3)

Quarterly data transfer + past survey data ID problems

ORYX® core measure data

HCAHPS (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers) data

Complaint and sentinel event information

Tool aides in drill‐down & clarifies expectations

How TJC defines the priority focus area 

Benchmark against national and state comparison

Trend the focus area over the last eight quarters. 

Targeting solutions to root cause

Rapidly building a database available to accredited organizations to help solve problems between visits

Each unique facility has unique issues

Can learn from leading practices library

Can use a targeted solution developed by others who successfully solved similar problems

Will not affect accreditation unless an 

Immediate Threat to Life noted during survey

No effort to find or fix obvious root causes

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•Root Cause of:

•80% Serious Errors

•#1 Cause of

•Sentinel Events

•Transfer-related malpractice

•Permanent Disability from errors

•11% due to communication

•6% due to professional skill level

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Standardize

Hardwire System

Allow Opportunities to Question

Reinforce Quality & Measurement

Educate and Coach

Our Challenge (move our agenda forward): 

Link suboptimal pain control (& improper detox) to: 

Culture of Safety

Trust, accountability

Patient Satisfaction

Required education of patients & professionals

Communication breakdowns

Then use RPI methods to 

Better understand current state

Improve professional practice

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Thank you for the privilege … to serve as your liaison to TJC